setting(空間場(chǎng)合)

1、Task Three: Communication: Social & Effective Essential components of a social situation: When two or more people gather to do an activity for fulfill a purpose, communication cannot be avoided, in which situation a social communication is created. A social situation has the following essential comp

2、onents: two or more participants: definition of situation and goals:Two definitions of a social situation: A social situation may receive two definitions. One is given by the community and the other by the participants. The community definition of a social situation is a sort of official definition,

3、 or official interpretation of the situation, such as a social situation of meeting, a social situation of classroom teaching, etc. The participants definition refers to the interpretations of the situation given by participants themselves. The two types of definition may coincide or differ. goal: a

4、 purpose you want to achieve by doing something setting: spatial setting(空間場(chǎng)合) & temporal setting(時(shí)間場(chǎng)合) schema/schemata: rules and procedures verbal communication: non-verbal communication:一切不使用語(yǔ)言進(jìn)行的交際活動(dòng)，包括：眼神、手勢(shì)、身勢(shì)、微笑、面部表情、服裝打扮、沉默、身體的接觸、講話人的距離、講話的音量、時(shí)間觀念、對(duì)空間的使用等。 time and space: An analysis of the

5、anecdote: Anecdote: I felt exhausted after much sightseeing. I looked for a seat to rest my legs. It so happened that on the nearby roadside there was a two-person stone chair with one place already occupied by a charming young girl. I hesitated, but still went over. Is it occupied? I asked. No was

6、the answer. The moment I sat down, the woman stood up and left. I was a bit hurt by her instant departure. Direction: Supposing that the I is male, and the two participants are strange to each other, the antidote takes place in the Yuehu Lake Park, Ningbo.Please analyze the following aspects of esse

7、ntial components in a social communication. 交際人之間的社會(huì)關(guān)系： What will other people think while these two participants are sitting down in the stone chair? 交際目的： Whats the goal of the mans communication with the charming girl? What goal does the girl think the man has? 交際場(chǎng)合： What will happen when the man

8、 sits down if both of them are waiting to see the doctor in a hospital? Any difference between the setting of a park and that of a hospital? 語(yǔ)言交際(verbal communication) ： : Is it occupied? : No. 非語(yǔ)言交際： : hesitated ，went over，sat down : stood up and left :眼神? 身勢(shì)? 微笑? 面部表情? 沉默? 身體的接觸? 講話人的距離? 講話的音量? 對(duì)空

9、間的使用? : 眼神? 身勢(shì)? 微笑? 面部表情? 沉默? 身體的接觸? 講話人的距離? 講話的音量? 對(duì)空間的使用? 交際者的身份： 身份是決定交際的重要的情景因素，它具體涉及到：性別、年齡、職業(yè)、教育、政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、宗教等。 ： If the man happens to be a very famous person, for instance, 張學(xué)友,what might the charming but ordinary girl respond? : If the female happens to be a street girl, what will she respond w

10、hen she understands that a man will sit besides her? Be Aware of Difference Values: Face and politeness are two other areas which are extremely value-sensitive. For instance, one of the distinctive features of Chinese politeness is self-denigration and other-elevation (貶己尊人). When you refer to somet

11、hing about yourself or related to you, you belittle it. When you talk about others face-to-face, on the other hand, you glorify by elevating them. For instance, in Chinese there are a lot of words that mean with self-denigration. And also there are various terms which are used to refer to others wit

12、h elevation.To Self （謙稱）:皇帝：孤家、寡人、朕我：小人、不佞、 老仆、臣、妾、下妾、妾人、婢子、矛、余、吾、身、臺(tái)、言、咱、俺、灑家、老衲、老漢、老娘、老身、愚、愚下、鄙人、不才、小生、晚生、下官、老朽、老拙To Others （尊稱、敬稱）:皇帝：萬(wàn)歲、皇上、陛下你：您、左右、主君、中下、吾子、子、 公、郎、官、先輩、前輩、閣下、座前、相公、官人、客官、大人、老爺、太太、公子、小姐師長(zhǎng)： 先生、夫子、先達(dá)、師父、師傅、函丈、師資、外傅、博士、經(jīng)師、教諭、訓(xùn)導(dǎo)、教席、西席、座席、業(yè)師、教授、講師、教師 Managing your Cross-cultural Talk:

13、 Anecdote 1 from the textbook: In a formal academic conference, Mr. Yao is being introduced to Professor Leach by Professor Guo. What is wrong with Mr. Yaos answer? Prof. Guo: Mr.Yao, let me intoduce you to Professor Leach. Prof. Leach: How do you? Mr. Yao: How do you, Mr Leach? Anecdote 2 from the

14、textbook: Prof. Liang has written a book in Chinese. He wants to have his book published by Thompson Publishers. He is talking to Mr. Allright, a Thompson representative, through Li Yan, who is acting as his interpreter. What is the problem in this cross-cultural communication? Prof. Liang:奧萊特先生，這是鄙

15、人的拙作。 Li Tan: Mr. Allright, this a clumsy book written by your humble servant. Mr Allright: No, no, no, youre not my humble servant. More contrast between the Chinese and the American cultures:If you are being invited to have a dinnerChinese:“不”( Please offer me again.)American:No. ( I dont accept y

16、our invitation.)If someone has helped you, what you do say to him?Chinese:“很對(duì)不起，給您添了不少麻煩?！保⊿orry to have given you so much trouble.AmericanThank you for your help.If you are praised by someone else, what do you respond?Chinese:“過(guò)獎(jiǎng)，過(guò)獎(jiǎng)?！被颍骸皯M愧，慚愧?！保╕ou are flatter me or I feel ashamed.)American:“Thank you.It doesnt mean American people dont show any modesty. In the following situation, you are going to offer a gift to another person, you may have different ways to introduce your gift based on the fact that you are a Chinese or you are an American. Please notice the di