建設(shè)工程違約索賠及管理程序-

1、建設(shè)工程違約索賠及管理程序班級姓名:工程管理0906謝俊欽摘要:建設(shè)工程合同是承包人進(jìn)行工程建設(shè),發(fā)包人支付價(jià)款的合同,包括勘察、設(shè)計(jì)、施工合同?？辈臁⒃O(shè)計(jì)、施工單位一方為承包人,建設(shè)單位一方為發(fā)包人。建設(shè)工程合同是承發(fā)包雙方在平等自愿基礎(chǔ)上訂立的明確權(quán)利義務(wù)的協(xié)議,是雙方在建設(shè)實(shí)施過程中遵循的最高行為準(zhǔn)則。關(guān)鍵詞:建設(shè)工程合同;主要義務(wù)和違約責(zé)任;建設(shè)工程合同承包人建設(shè)工程合同是承包人進(jìn)行工程建設(shè),發(fā)包人支付價(jià)款的合同,包括勘察、設(shè)計(jì)、施工合同。勘察、設(shè)計(jì)、施工單位一方為承包人,建設(shè)單位一方為發(fā)包人。建設(shè)工程合同是承發(fā)包雙方在平等自愿基礎(chǔ)上訂立的明確權(quán)利義務(wù)的協(xié)議,是雙方在建設(shè)實(shí)施過程中遵循

2、的最高行為準(zhǔn)則。針對我國目前普遍存在的合同意識淡漠、違約行為不斷的狀況,明確各自權(quán)利義務(wù),強(qiáng)化合同規(guī)范管理,嚴(yán)格追究違約責(zé)任,成為維護(hù)建設(shè)市場正常秩序的重要保障。下面作者結(jié)合學(xué)習(xí)合同法的體會,談?wù)剬ㄔO(shè)工程合同違約責(zé)任及其承擔(dān)方式的認(rèn)識。一、合同的違約和違約行為的分類合同法第60條規(guī)定,當(dāng)事人應(yīng)當(dāng)按照約定全面履行自己的義務(wù)。建設(shè)工程合同是承包人進(jìn)行工程建設(shè),發(fā)包人支付價(jià)款的合同,包括勘察、設(shè)計(jì)、施工合同?？辈?、設(shè)計(jì)、施工單位一方為承包人,建設(shè)單位一方為發(fā)包人。建設(shè)工程合同是承發(fā)包雙方在平等自愿基礎(chǔ)上訂立的明確權(quán)利義務(wù)的協(xié)議,是雙方在建設(shè)實(shí)施過程中遵循的最高行為準(zhǔn)則。針對我國目前普遍存在的合同意

3、識淡漠、違約行為不斷的狀況,明確各自權(quán)利義務(wù),強(qiáng)化合同規(guī)范管理,嚴(yán)格追究違約責(zé)任,成為維護(hù)建設(shè)市場正常秩序的重要保障。下面作者結(jié)合學(xué)習(xí)合同法的體會,談?wù)剬ㄔO(shè)工程合同違約責(zé)任及其承擔(dān)方式的認(rèn)識。一、合同的違約和違約行為的分類合同法第60條規(guī)定,當(dāng)事人應(yīng)當(dāng)按照約定全面履行自己的義務(wù)。說明只要是合同中明確規(guī)定的,當(dāng)事人必須遵守,這是合同法律效力的具體表現(xiàn)。任何合同義務(wù)的不履行,都是對合同規(guī)定的違反,都將構(gòu)成違約。違約行為的表現(xiàn)形式多種多樣,歸納起來可作如下分類:按照是否完全違背締約目的,違約行為可分為根本違約和非根本違約。按照合同是否履行與履行狀況,違約行為可分為不履行和不適當(dāng)履行。不履行是指債務(wù)

4、人不按合同約定履行義務(wù);不適當(dāng)履行,又稱不完全履行,是指債務(wù)人履行義務(wù)不符合合同約定。不履行進(jìn)一步可分為履行不能和拒絕履行,履約不能屬于債務(wù)人客觀上無法履行義務(wù),拒絕履行屬于債務(wù)人能夠履行義務(wù)而主觀上不履行。不適當(dāng)履行進(jìn)一步可分為瑕疵履行和加害履行。按照是否造成侵權(quán)損害,違約行為可分為瑕疵履行和加害履行。瑕疵履行是指因債務(wù)人的履行有瑕疵,致使履行本身的價(jià)值或效用減少或喪失;加害履行是指債務(wù)人的履行不僅有瑕疵,而且瑕疵還導(dǎo)致債權(quán)人的其他權(quán)益受到損害。按照遲延履行的主體,違約行為可分為債務(wù)人給付遲延和債權(quán)人受領(lǐng)遲延。二、違約責(zé)任的承擔(dān)方式違約行為的后果直接導(dǎo)致對合同債權(quán)的侵害,必須承擔(dān)相應(yīng)的違約責(zé)

5、任。違約責(zé)任以合同債務(wù)為發(fā)生前提,具有懲罰和補(bǔ)償雙重屬性。合同法以嚴(yán)格責(zé)任作為承擔(dān)違約責(zé)任的歸責(zé)原則,不論違約人在主觀上是否有過錯(cuò),都應(yīng)當(dāng)承擔(dān)違約責(zé)任。關(guān)于違約責(zé)任承擔(dān)方式,合同法等法律規(guī)定可以采用繼續(xù)履行、停止違約行為、賠償損失、支付違約金、執(zhí)行定金罰則及其他補(bǔ)救措施。繼續(xù)履行,又稱實(shí)際履行或強(qiáng)制履行,是指當(dāng)事人一方違約的,對方有權(quán)請求人民法院或仲裁機(jī)構(gòu)作出判決或裁決,強(qiáng)迫違約人按照合同履行義務(wù)。停止違約行為,是指當(dāng)事人一方違約的,對方可以要求其停止違約行為;違約人也應(yīng)當(dāng)主動(dòng)停止違約行為;人民法院有權(quán)責(zé)令違約人停止違約行為。賠償損失,是指當(dāng)事人一方的違約行為給對方造成財(cái)產(chǎn)損失的,違約人應(yīng)依法

6、向?qū)Ψ阶鞒鼋?jīng)濟(jì)賠償。賠償損失是典型的補(bǔ)償方式。支付違約金,是指當(dāng)事人一方違約時(shí),向?qū)Ψ街Ц兑欢〝?shù)額的金錢。根據(jù)性質(zhì)不同,違約金可分為懲罰性違約金和賠償性違約金;根據(jù)來源不同,違約金又可分為約定違約金和法定違約金。定金罰則也是一種違約責(zé)任承擔(dān)方式。定金是指當(dāng)事人一方向?qū)Ψ浇o付一定數(shù)額的金錢作為債權(quán)的擔(dān)保。定金對于債權(quán)的擔(dān)保作用主要體現(xiàn)為定金罰則,給付定金的一方不履行約定的債務(wù)的,無權(quán)要求返還定金;收受定金的一方不履行約定的債務(wù)的,應(yīng)當(dāng)雙倍返還定金。此外,還可采取其他一些補(bǔ)救措施,包括:防止損失擴(kuò)大、暫時(shí)中止合同、要求適當(dāng)履行、解除合同以及行使擔(dān)保債權(quán)等。根據(jù)建設(shè)工程合同,承包人應(yīng)當(dāng)按時(shí)按質(zhì)按量完

7、成工程建設(shè),發(fā)包人應(yīng)當(dāng)及時(shí)檢查驗(yàn)收并支付工程價(jià)款。無論是發(fā)包人,還是承包人,只要其不履行合同規(guī)定的義務(wù),都將構(gòu)成違約行為。針對不同性質(zhì)的違約行為,債權(quán)人有權(quán)依照合同法等法律的規(guī)定要求違約的債務(wù)人承擔(dān)相應(yīng)的違約責(zé)任。三、建設(shè)工程合同發(fā)包人的主要義務(wù)和違約責(zé)任(一勘察、設(shè)計(jì)合同發(fā)包人的主要義務(wù)和違約責(zé)任1.勘察、設(shè)計(jì)合同發(fā)包人的主要義務(wù)在建設(shè)工程中,勘察、設(shè)計(jì)合同發(fā)包人的主要義務(wù)是:第一,向勘察人、設(shè)計(jì)人提供開展工作所需的基礎(chǔ)資料和技術(shù)要求,并對提供的時(shí)間、進(jìn)度和資料的可靠性負(fù)責(zé);第二,為勘察人、設(shè)計(jì)人提供必要的工作和生活條件;第三,按照合同規(guī)定向勘察人、設(shè)計(jì)人支付勘察、設(shè)計(jì)費(fèi);第四,維護(hù)勘察人、

8、設(shè)計(jì)人的工作成果,不得擅自修改,不得轉(zhuǎn)讓給第三人重復(fù)使用。2.勘察、設(shè)計(jì)合同發(fā)包人承擔(dān)違約責(zé)任合同法針對勘察、設(shè)計(jì)合同發(fā)包人的違約行為提出了三種具體方式,即發(fā)包人變更計(jì)劃、發(fā)包人提供的資料不準(zhǔn)確、發(fā)包人未按照期限提供必需的勘察、設(shè)計(jì)工作條件。這三種違約行為都將導(dǎo)致勘察人、設(shè)計(jì)人支出額外的工作量,從而造成勘察、設(shè)計(jì)費(fèi)用的不合理增加。為此發(fā)包人應(yīng)當(dāng)承擔(dān)不履行、不適當(dāng)履行或遲延履行違約責(zé)任,按照勘察人、設(shè)計(jì)人實(shí)際消耗的工作量增付費(fèi)用。合同法第285條規(guī)定,因發(fā)包人變更計(jì)劃,提供的資料不準(zhǔn)確,或者未按照期限提供必需的勘察、設(shè)計(jì)工作條件而造成勘察、設(shè)計(jì)的返工、停工或者修改設(shè)計(jì),發(fā)包人應(yīng)當(dāng)按照勘察人、設(shè)計(jì)

9、人實(shí)際消耗的工作量增付費(fèi)用。在這里發(fā)包人通過賠償損失的方式承擔(dān)違約責(zé)任。如果發(fā)包人未按合同規(guī)定的方式、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和期限向勘察人、設(shè)計(jì)人支付勘察、設(shè)計(jì)費(fèi),發(fā)包人應(yīng)當(dāng)承擔(dān)不履行或遲延履行違約責(zé)任,適用合同法第109條的規(guī)定,當(dāng)事人一方未支付價(jià)款或者報(bào)酬的,對方可以要求其支付價(jià)款或者報(bào)酬。發(fā)包人遲延支付勘察、設(shè)計(jì)費(fèi)的,除應(yīng)支付勘察、設(shè)計(jì)費(fèi)外,還應(yīng)承擔(dān)其他的違約責(zé)任,如支付違約金、賠償逾期利息等。由于發(fā)包人擅自修改勘察設(shè)計(jì)成果而引起的工程質(zhì)量問題,發(fā)包人應(yīng)當(dāng)承擔(dān)責(zé)任;發(fā)包人擅自將勘察設(shè)計(jì)成果轉(zhuǎn)移給第三人使用,發(fā)包人應(yīng)當(dāng)賠償相應(yīng)的損失。建設(shè)部、國家工商行政管理局頒布的建設(shè)工程設(shè)計(jì)合同規(guī)定,甲方應(yīng)保護(hù)乙方的設(shè)計(jì)

10、版權(quán),未經(jīng)乙方同意,甲方對乙方交付的設(shè)計(jì)文件不得復(fù)制或向第三方轉(zhuǎn)讓或用于本合同外的項(xiàng)目,如發(fā)生以上情況,乙方有權(quán)索賠。(二施工合同發(fā)包人的主要義務(wù)和違約責(zé)任1.施工合同發(fā)包人的主要義務(wù)在建設(shè)工程中,施工合同發(fā)包人的主要義務(wù)是:第一,作好施工前的各項(xiàng)準(zhǔn)備工作;第二,為施工人提供必要的條件,配合施工人的工作;第三,按照合同規(guī)定向施工人支付工程預(yù)付款;第四,在不妨礙施工人正常作業(yè)的情況下,進(jìn)行必要的監(jiān)督檢查;第五,按照合同規(guī)定向施工人支付工程進(jìn)度款;第六,組織竣工驗(yàn)收,支付竣工結(jié)算款。2.施工合同發(fā)包人承擔(dān)違約責(zé)任如果合同約定由發(fā)包人提供原材料、設(shè)備、場地、技術(shù)資料,而發(fā)包人未按約定的時(shí)間和要求提供

11、這些條件,如果發(fā)包人未按約定支付工程預(yù)付款或工程進(jìn)度款,發(fā)包人應(yīng)承擔(dān)不履行、不適當(dāng)履行或遲延履行違約責(zé)任,適用合同法第283條規(guī)定,發(fā)包人未按照約定的時(shí)間和要求提供原材料、設(shè)備、場地、資金、技術(shù)資料的,承包人可以順延工程日期,并有權(quán)要求賠償停工、窩工等損失。在這里發(fā)包人承擔(dān)違約責(zé)任的方式是賠償損失,施工人有權(quán)要求工期和費(fèi)用索賠。如果出現(xiàn)發(fā)包人提供的技術(shù)資料存在錯(cuò)誤、發(fā)包人變更設(shè)計(jì)文件、發(fā)包人變更工程量、發(fā)包人未按約定及時(shí)提供建筑材料和設(shè)備、發(fā)包人未提供必要的工作條件致使施工人無法正常作業(yè)等情況,發(fā)包人應(yīng)當(dāng)承擔(dān)不履行、不適當(dāng)履行或遲延履行違約責(zé)任,施工人可以停建、緩建,及時(shí)通知發(fā)包人并向發(fā)包人索

12、賠損失。為此合同法第284條規(guī)定,因發(fā)包人的原因致使工程中途停建、緩建的,發(fā)包人應(yīng)當(dāng)采取措施彌補(bǔ)或者減少損失,賠償承包人因此造成的停工、窩工、倒運(yùn)、機(jī)械設(shè)備調(diào)遷、材料和構(gòu)件積壓等損失和實(shí)際費(fèi)用。在這里發(fā)包人承擔(dān)違約責(zé)任的方式是采取補(bǔ)救措施和賠償損失。隱蔽工程隱蔽后,如果發(fā)生質(zhì)量問題,需要重新開挖,除去覆蓋物,必然造成返工浪費(fèi)。因此施工人在隱蔽之前,首先應(yīng)進(jìn)行自檢,然后通知發(fā)包人和監(jiān)理工程師進(jìn)行檢查驗(yàn)收,發(fā)包人和監(jiān)理工程師檢查合格后,施工人才能進(jìn)行隱蔽施工。在隱蔽前檢查隱蔽工程,既是發(fā)包人的權(quán)利,也是發(fā)包人的義務(wù)。如果發(fā)包人接到通知后不及時(shí)檢查,施工人就無法進(jìn)行隱蔽施工,發(fā)包人應(yīng)承擔(dān)遲延履行違約

13、責(zé)任。合同法第278條規(guī)定,隱蔽工程在隱蔽以前,承包人應(yīng)當(dāng)通知發(fā)包人檢查。發(fā)包人沒有及時(shí)檢查的,承包人可以順延工程日期,并有權(quán)要求賠償停工、窩工等損失。在這里發(fā)包人承擔(dān)違約責(zé)任的方式是賠償損失,施工人有權(quán)要求工期和費(fèi)用索賠。施工人按照合同規(guī)定完成工程建設(shè)后,取得發(fā)包人支付的竣工結(jié)算款,這是施工人享有的合法權(quán)益。為此合同法第286條規(guī)定,發(fā)包人未按照約定支付價(jià)款的,承包人可以催告發(fā)包人在合理期限內(nèi)支付價(jià)款。發(fā)包人逾期不支付的,除按照建設(shè)工程的性質(zhì)不宜折價(jià)、拍賣的以外,承包人可以與發(fā)包人協(xié)議將該工程折價(jià),也可以申請人民法院將該工程依法拍賣。建設(shè)工程的價(jià)款就該工程折價(jià)或者拍賣的價(jià)款優(yōu)先受償。這是針對

14、工程價(jià)款為施工人設(shè)立的優(yōu)先受償權(quán)。通過這一法律設(shè)計(jì),強(qiáng)化了對施工人合法權(quán)益的優(yōu)先救濟(jì)和保護(hù),為解決久治不愈的業(yè)主拖欠工程款問題提供了必要的法律依據(jù)。四、建設(shè)工程合同承包人的主要義務(wù)和違約責(zé)任(一勘察、設(shè)計(jì)合同承包人的主要義務(wù)和違約責(zé)任1.勘察、設(shè)計(jì)合同承包人的主要義務(wù)在建設(shè)工程中,勘察、設(shè)計(jì)合同承包人的主要義務(wù)是:第一,按照勘察、設(shè)計(jì)合同規(guī)定的進(jìn)度和質(zhì)量要求向發(fā)包人提交勘察、設(shè)計(jì)成果;第二,配合施工,進(jìn)行技術(shù)交底,解決施工過程中有關(guān)設(shè)計(jì)的問題,負(fù)責(zé)設(shè)計(jì)修改,參加工程竣工驗(yàn)收。2.勘察、設(shè)計(jì)合同承包人承擔(dān)違約責(zé)任勘察、設(shè)計(jì)的質(zhì)量是決定建設(shè)工程質(zhì)量的基礎(chǔ)。如果勘察、設(shè)計(jì)的質(zhì)量存在缺陷,整個(gè)建設(shè)工程

15、的質(zhì)量也就失去了保障?？辈臁⒃O(shè)計(jì)工作必須符合法律法規(guī)的有關(guān)規(guī)定,符合建設(shè)工程質(zhì)量、安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn),符合勘察、設(shè)計(jì)技術(shù)規(guī)范,符合勘察、設(shè)計(jì)合同的要求。如果勘察人、設(shè)計(jì)人提交的勘察、設(shè)計(jì)文件不符合質(zhì)量要求,將承擔(dān)瑕疵履行違約責(zé)任;如果勘察人、設(shè)計(jì)人不按合同約定的期限提交勘察、設(shè)計(jì)文件,將承擔(dān)遲延履行違約責(zé)任。合同法第280條規(guī)定,勘察、設(shè)計(jì)的質(zhì)量不符合要求或者未按照期限提交勘察、設(shè)計(jì)文件拖延工期,造成發(fā)包人損失的,勘察人、設(shè)計(jì)人應(yīng)當(dāng)繼續(xù)完善勘察、設(shè)計(jì),減收或者免收勘察、設(shè)計(jì)費(fèi)并賠償損失。在這里勘察人、設(shè)計(jì)人通過繼續(xù)履行和賠償損失的方式承擔(dān)違約責(zé)任。(二施工合同承包人的主要義務(wù)和違約責(zé)任1.施工合同承包人

16、的主要義務(wù)在建設(shè)工程中,施工合同承包人的主要義務(wù)是:第一,作好施工準(zhǔn)備工作;第二,按照合同要求進(jìn)行施工;第三,在不影響正常作業(yè)的前提下,隨時(shí)接受發(fā)包人對進(jìn)度、質(zhì)量的監(jiān)督檢查;第四,按照合同規(guī)定,按質(zhì)如期完成工程,參加竣工驗(yàn)收,進(jìn)行工程交付;第五,在規(guī)定的保修期內(nèi),針對由于本方原因造成的工程質(zhì)量問題,無償負(fù)責(zé)維修。2.施工合同承包人承擔(dān)違約責(zé)任施工的質(zhì)量是決定建設(shè)工程質(zhì)量的關(guān)鍵。在施工過程中,施工人應(yīng)當(dāng)按照設(shè)計(jì)文件和施工規(guī)范進(jìn)行施工,不得偷工減料、粗制濫造,不得擅自修改工程設(shè)計(jì),否則施工人對施工質(zhì)量應(yīng)承擔(dān)瑕疵履行違約責(zé)任;施工人不得延誤工期,否則將承擔(dān)遲延履行違約責(zé)任。為此合同法第281條規(guī)定,

17、因施工人的原因致使建設(shè)工程質(zhì)量不符合約定的,發(fā)包人有權(quán)要求施工人在合理期限內(nèi)無償修理或者返工、改建。經(jīng)過修理或者返工、改建后,造成逾期交付的,施工人應(yīng)當(dāng)承擔(dān)違約責(zé)任。在這里施工人承擔(dān)違約責(zé)任的方式主要表現(xiàn)為繼續(xù)履行,同時(shí)還要承擔(dān)逾期交付引起的違約責(zé)任,發(fā)包人可從支付違約金、減少價(jià)款、行使擔(dān)保債權(quán)等方式中選擇適當(dāng)方式要求施工人承擔(dān)違約責(zé)任。建設(shè)工程質(zhì)量關(guān)系到國家利益、社會公共利益和社會公眾安全,關(guān)系到使用者的自身權(quán)益以及第三者的人身財(cái)產(chǎn)。施工人不僅應(yīng)對施工質(zhì)量負(fù)責(zé),而且應(yīng)對建設(shè)工程合理使用期間的質(zhì)量安全承擔(dān)責(zé)任。如果由于施工人的原因,在合理使用期限內(nèi)發(fā)生了質(zhì)量事故,造成發(fā)包人、最終用戶或者第三者

18、人身財(cái)產(chǎn)損害,那么施工人不僅應(yīng)承擔(dān)加害履行違約責(zé)任,而且還要依法承擔(dān)相應(yīng)的侵權(quán)責(zé)任,從而發(fā)生施工人違約責(zé)任與侵權(quán)責(zé)任之間的責(zé)任競合。為此合同法第282條規(guī)定,因承包人的原因致使建設(shè)工程在合理使用期限內(nèi)造成人身和財(cái)產(chǎn)損害的,承包人應(yīng)當(dāng)承擔(dān)損害賠償責(zé)任。發(fā)包人可以選擇違約責(zé)任或者侵權(quán)責(zé)任要求施工人賠償損失,其他受損害人可以根據(jù)侵權(quán)責(zé)任要求施工人承擔(dān)損害賠償責(zé)任。參考文獻(xiàn)1 合同法第60條2合同法第280條3合同法第281條4合同法第282條5合同法第283條6合同法第284條Engineering and claims proceduresAbstract:The construction con

19、tract is the contractor for construction projects, contracting to pay the price of the contract, including survey, design, construction contract. Survey, design, construction units, party contractor, the construction unit side to the Employer. The construction contract is a contract the agreement of

20、 clear rights and obligations entered into by the two sides equal on a voluntary basis, the highest code of conduct for both sides to follow in the construction and implementation process.Keywords:Construction contract; the primary duty and breach of contract; construction contract contractorThe con

21、struction contract is the contractor for construction projects, contracting to pay the price of the contract, including survey, design, construction contract. Survey, design, construction units, party contractor, the construction unit side to the Employer. The construction contract is a contract the

22、 agreement of clear rights and obligations entered into by the two sides equal on a voluntary basis, the highest code of conduct for both sides to follow in the construction and implementation process. The contract for our current common sense of apathy, constant breach, to clarify the respective ri

23、ghts and obligations, and strengthen the management of contract specifications, strict liability for breach of an important guarantee for safeguarding the normal order of the construction market. The combination of the following of the learning experience of the "Contract Law", talk on the

24、 construction contrac t liability for breach of its commitment to understanding. Breach of contract and breach of contract law. "The provisions of section 60, the parties shall fully fulfill their obligations in accordance withthe contract. The construction contract is the contractor for constr

25、uction projects, contracting to pay the price of the contract, including survey, design, construction contract. Survey, design, construction units, party contractor, the construction unit side to the Employer. The construction contract is a contract the agreement of clear rights and obligations ente

26、red into by the two sides equal on a voluntary basis, the highest code of conduct for both sides to follow in the construction and implementation process. The contract for our current common sense of apathy, constant breach, to clarify the respective rights and obligations, and strengthen the manage

27、ment of contract specifications, strict liability for breach of an important guarantee for safeguarding the normal orderof the construction market. The combination of the following of the learning experience of the "Contract Law", talk on the construction contract liability for breach of i

28、ts commitment to understanding.A, breach of contract and breach of classification"Contract law" in article 60, the parties shall fully fulfill their obligations in accordance with the contract. Instructions as long as it is clearly stipulated in the contract, the parties must comply with s

29、pecific performance of this contract the force of law. Non-performance of any contractual obligations are stipulated in the contract violation would constitute a breach of contract. Breach of the performance of a variety of forms can be summed up can be classified as follows: breach of contract can

30、be divided into fundamental breac h of contract and fundamental breach of contract is completely contrary to the Contracting purpose.In accordance with the contract is in compliance with the performance situation, the breach can be divided into non-performance or improper performance. Fails to perfo

31、rm the debtor fails to fulfill contractual obligations; improper performance, also known as incomplete performance is to fulfill their obligations of the debtor does not meet the contract. Non-performance can be further divided into fulfillment can not be refused to honor the performance can not bel

32、ong to the debtor an objective can not fulfill their obligations, refused to honor belonging to the debtor to fulfill the obligations of non-performance and subjective. Improper performance can be further divided into the defective performance and harm to fulfill. According to whether caused by tort

33、 damages, the breach can be divided into defective performance and harm to fulfill. Defective performance, the performance of the debtor's flawed, resulting in fulfillment of their value or utility of the reduction or loss; harm to fulfill means that the debtor fulfill not only flawed, and flaws

34、 also led to other creditor's rights are being infringed. In accordance with the main body of delay in performance, the breach can be divided into the debtor's payment delay and Delay in Acceptance.Second, the liability for breach of contract commitmentConsequences of the breach is a direct

35、result of a violation of the contract claims, must bear the corresponding liability for breach of contract. Liability for breach of contract debt is the premise, with the dual attributes of punishment and compensation. Attributable to the principle of as liable for breach of contract law "stric

36、t liability, breach of human subjective fault, should bear the liability for breach of contract. Liability for breach of commitments, "contract law" the law can continue to fulfill the cessation of the breach, damages, payment of liquidated damages, and the implementation of the deposit pe

37、nalties and other remedial measures.Continue to perform, also known as the actual performance of specific performance, refers to the party breached the contract, the other party has the right to request the people's court or an arbitration institution to make a judgment or award, and forced the

38、breach of contract in accordance with thecontract to fulfill their obligations.Cessation of the breach, the party breached the contract, the other party may request the cessation of the breach; breach of contract should also take the initiative to stop the breach; People's Court has the right to

39、 be ordered to breach cessation of the breach.Compensation for damages is the party of the breach to the other party property losses, breach of contract law to make financial compensation to the other. Compensation for damages is a typical way of compensation. Payment of liquidated damages, to the o

40、ther party breached the contract, to pay a certain amount of money. According to the different nature of liquidated damages can be divided into the punitive damages the gold and compensation for breach of contract; According to different sources, liquidated damages can be divided into the agreed pen

41、alty and statutory liquidated damages.Deposit penalties for a breach of contract bear the way. Deposit refers to the parties a party to pay a certain amount of money as security for debt. The deposit for a security for debt role mainly for the deposit penalties to pay a deposit of one party does not

42、 perform the debt, no right to demand the return of the deposit; party accepting the deposit fails to perform the agreed debt obligations, should be double the return of the deposit.In addition, you can take some other remedial measures, including: preventing further loss, to suspend the contract, r

43、equiring the proper discharge, terminate the contract and the exercise of the secured claim.According to the construction contract, the contractor shall promptly complete the building according to the quality and quantity, the developer shall timely inspection and acceptance and pay the contract pri

44、ce. Either the Employer or the Contractor, as long as it does not fulfill obligations under the contract, would constitute a breach of contract. For the different nature of the breach of contract, the creditor is entitled to require the defaulting debtor in accordance with the provisions of the law

45、of the "Contract Law" to bear the corresponding liability for breach of contract.Three, the main construction contract, the Employer obligations and liability for breach of contract(A investigation, the main obligations of the Employer of the design contract and breach of contractInvestiga

46、tion, design contract for the Employer's obligationsIn construction engineering, surveying, design contract for the main obligations of the Employer is: first, to survey and design work required basic data and technical requirements, and provide the time, schedule, and reliability of the informa

47、tion is responsible for ; survey design to provide the necessary working and living conditions; the third survey, in accordance with the provisions of the contract paid to the surveyor or designer, design fees; Fourth, maintain the results of the work of the surveyor, designer, not modification shal

48、l not be transferable to a third party to re-use.Investigation, design, contract letting and liable for breach of"Contract Law" three specific ways for investigation, design contract for breach of the Employer, the Employer to change plans, inaccurate information provided by the Employer,

49、the Employer is not in accordance with the deadline to provide the necessary survey, design, working conditions. Three breaches will lead to the surveyor or designer spending the extra workload, resulting in the survey, increased design fee unreasonable. To this e nd the Employer shall be liable for

50、 non-performance, improper performance, or delay in performance, breach of contract, with pay in accordance with the surveyor, designer of the actual consumption of the amount of work. "Contract Law" Section 285 provides that, due to change the plan of the Employer, the information provide

51、d is not accurate, or not in accordance with the deadline to provide the necessary survey, design working conditions survey, design rework, downtime, or modify the design, the developer shall fees paid by the survey and design the actual consumption of the amount of work. Liable for breach of contra

52、ct here by way of compensation for the losses.If the Employer fails to contract provisions, standards and deadlines to pay survey to the surveyor or designer, design fees, the Employer shall be liable for failure or delay in performance, breach of contract, the provisions of section 109 of the appli

53、cable contract law, a party fails to to pay the price or remuneration, the other party may request to pay the price or remuneration. Employer delay in payment of survey and design fees, in addition to survey and design fees to be paid, we must also assume other liability for breach of contract, such

54、 as payment of liquidated damages and compensation for overdue interest and other. Contract modification to the survey and design results, the quality of the project, the developer shall bear the responsibility; contracting unauthorized survey designed for transfer to a third party, the Employer sha

55、ll compensate consequential losses. Ministry of Construction, issued by the State Administration for Industry, construction and engineering design, contract provisions, the employer shall protect the copyright of Party B, without B's consent, the design documents delivered by Party A may not be

56、copied or transferred to third parties or for projects outside of this contract, such as occurrence of the above, Party B shall be entitled to claim.(B The primary duty and breach of contract for the construction contract letting peopleThe main obligations of a construction contract bidding peopleIn

57、 construction projects, the main obligations of the construction contract letting people: first, to make all the preparatory work before construction; for the builder to provide the necessary conditions, with the construction work of the people; third, according to the contract paid to the construct

58、ion project prepayments; Fourth, in the case without prejudice to the normal operation of the construction people, make the necessary supervision and inspection; Fifth, to pay progress payments to the builder in accordance with the contract; sixth, organizational completion and acceptance of payment

59、 The final settlement amount.(2 Construction Contract the Employer liable for breach ofIf the contract to provide the raw materials, equipment, site, technical information, while the contract agreed upon by the person fails to request these conditions, if the Employer fails to pay the agreed project advance or progress payments by the Employer, the Employer shall bear thenon-performance inappropriate to perform or delay in performance, breach of contract, the application of the provisions of s