自然拼讀法規(guī)則與材料

1、Phonics，即字母拼讀法（又譯自然拼音）是自然形成的一種發(fā)音規(guī)則，它主要教授英文字母（letter）與語(yǔ)音（sound）間的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系，是美國(guó)、加拿大本土孩子的必修課程。在初級(jí)英語(yǔ)中70%的單詞在拼讀時(shí)都是有規(guī)律可循的。一旦掌握了這種發(fā)音規(guī)則就不必去翻查字典而能夠順利地將單詞讀出。一旦孩子們學(xué)習(xí)了這種不用音標(biāo)的發(fā)音規(guī)律可以很快學(xué)會(huì)拼讀不認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞，提前進(jìn)入閱讀領(lǐng)域，使英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)變得簡(jiǎn)單、快樂(lè)、有趣。為什么要學(xué) Phonics？Phonics教學(xué)在美國(guó)至少已經(jīng)有百年以上的歷史了。適當(dāng)?shù)腜honics教學(xué)，一直被認(rèn)為是最有效、最直接教授母語(yǔ)閱讀的方法。美國(guó)學(xué)者Adams（1990）在Phonics

2、Instruction for the Nineties 里指出，出現(xiàn)在初級(jí)閱讀材料中的詞匯，其語(yǔ)音與字母間的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系相當(dāng)穩(wěn)定。孩子通常能從出現(xiàn)頻率最高的37個(gè)音組中，拼出大約500個(gè)最常使用的詞匯。國(guó)際音標(biāo) 與Phonics的區(qū)別？國(guó)際音標(biāo)如同中文的拼音系統(tǒng)，是另外形成的輔助系統(tǒng)，是為母語(yǔ)不是英語(yǔ)的學(xué)習(xí)者所服務(wù)的。整個(gè)系統(tǒng)完整但規(guī)則相對(duì)抽象，對(duì)非母語(yǔ)系學(xué)習(xí)者確實(shí)相當(dāng)有幫助。但學(xué)習(xí)一套全新的符號(hào)及其發(fā)音規(guī)則，對(duì)小學(xué)高年級(jí)或初中生都不是很容易。Phonics 屬于英語(yǔ)拼字系統(tǒng)的內(nèi)在機(jī)制，經(jīng)過(guò)百多年來(lái)的發(fā)展與完善，已是美國(guó)孩子的必學(xué)課程。Phonics 更注重英文字母與其發(fā)音的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系，可以迅速提

3、升英語(yǔ)閱讀能力。對(duì)于英語(yǔ)為母語(yǔ)的學(xué)習(xí)者，因?yàn)橛锌谡Z(yǔ)優(yōu)勢(shì)，在發(fā)現(xiàn)字母與發(fā)音的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系后，只要能把字的音念出來(lái)，就很容易聯(lián)想到該字的意思，能直接認(rèn)字或拼字。而中國(guó)孩子雖然沒(méi)有母語(yǔ)背景、但Phonics 對(duì)于幫助認(rèn)字、拼字、提高閱讀能力，及從小教授正確英語(yǔ)發(fā)音方面仍然具有巨大的積極意義?？偟膩?lái)說(shuō)，這兩者對(duì)中國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)者都是不可或缺的，只是適合學(xué)習(xí)的年齡段有所不同而已。只掌握音標(biāo)，會(huì)造成現(xiàn)在很多中國(guó)孩子都有的碰到生詞就無(wú)法開(kāi)口的現(xiàn)象。要知道除了字典，很少有國(guó)外書(shū)籍或繪本、讀本會(huì)標(biāo)注音標(biāo)哦，無(wú)法發(fā)音就會(huì)嚴(yán)重破壞閱讀的流暢性，進(jìn)而影響到孩子的學(xué)習(xí)興趣。而只掌握Phonics，會(huì)讓孩子發(fā)現(xiàn)隨著學(xué)習(xí)深入到脫離初級(jí)

4、英語(yǔ)范圍后，越來(lái)越多的單詞無(wú)法直接用Phonics拼出，發(fā)生與不少歐美人士一樣的閱讀困難現(xiàn)象。英語(yǔ)發(fā)展千百年來(lái)，不斷吸收各語(yǔ)種詞匯，而中國(guó)孩子缺乏口語(yǔ)環(huán)境，發(fā)生讀音差錯(cuò)不足為奇。若能引入易學(xué)實(shí)用的Phonics，然后再系統(tǒng)學(xué)習(xí)國(guó)際音標(biāo)，將使孩子受用終身！英語(yǔ)自然拼讀學(xué)習(xí)的六階成功法第一階：建立字母與字母自然發(fā)音之間的直接聯(lián)系。第二階：能夠成功拼讀元音+輔音（輔音+元音）。如：c-a ca a-t at第三階：能夠成功拼讀輔音+元音+輔音。如d-o-g dog第四階：能夠成功拼讀雙音節(jié)或多音節(jié)單詞。如sw-ea-t-er sweater第五階：能夠聽(tīng)音辨字，即聽(tīng)到單詞讀音就能拼出該單詞。第六階：

5、單詞量大量擴(kuò)充，能夠閱讀英語(yǔ)文章。1. 自然拼讀法的第一步是掌握二十六個(gè)字母的讀音 (Letter Sounds). 其中五個(gè)元音字母(a, e, i, o, u)發(fā)兩種音。2. 第二步是進(jìn)行單元音字母的拼讀練習(xí)，如： Sam, cat, mat, 等等3. 第三步, 是固定讀音的單詞 : the, a, is, to, have 等.4. 第四步，是一個(gè)單詞里有兩個(gè)元音時(shí)，前邊一個(gè)元音發(fā)字母音，后邊一個(gè)元音不發(fā)音，如： make, made, sea, five, nine, road等等5. 第五步, 是雙/三輔音在一起時(shí)怎么聯(lián)讀, 如: bl(ack), str(eet)等；有一些輔音不

6、發(fā)音，如： ghost,comb, lamb等；要掌握一下與"h"聯(lián)在一起的發(fā)音： ch, sh, th, wh。6. 第六步，是特殊讀法：?jiǎn)我艄?jié)詞，以元音結(jié)尾， 這個(gè)元音發(fā)字母音 如： me, hi, go 等等Irregular: ar (car), ay(hay, may, say), igh (high, night, might), ew (new), er (sister, brother), ur(burn, hurt), ir (girl, fir, firm), or (horn), eigh (eight), oi (oil, boil), oy(boy

7、), ow等有其特別的發(fā)音"c" 與 "k" 在一起時(shí)，發(fā)一個(gè)音: quick, black等. 自然拼音拼讀練習(xí)表第一天：a e i o u a_e e_e i_e o_e u_eAa : mat map bag cat hat fan bat appleEe:egg well red pen net hen bed bellIi: lick six bib pig pin kiss ink hillOo:ox on octopus box sock operate ostrichUu:sun umbrella cup bus nut gun uncl

8、e undercape name tape lake game make take hatethese Japanese Chinesebite five nine kite mine nice ride siderose nose rope note pose home rode thosetube cube June cute huge第二天:ai ay ee ea ey ie ighoa ow ui ueai: tail rain paint pain jail rail nailmaiday:bay ray way say hay pay May layee:reeds eel bee

9、 peel jeep feet see teethea:sea meat peanut eagle peach tea leaf peaey:donkey monkey jockey turkey monkeyhockey key trolleyie:tie pie lie dieigh:right sight night tight hight fighthigh sighoa:road toast toad coal goat boat coat soapow:rainbow pillow yellow window bowl rowhollow lowui:suit juice frui

10、tue:Sue blue glue true第三天:ar er ir ur orar: arm car armchair card cart farm parkgardener:sister brother under rooster wintermermaid marker motherir:birthday circus dirty bird circle dirtgirlur:turtle surfing turkey fur hurt pursenurseor:porch pork horse horn fort morning cornfork第四天:ou ow oi oy au a

11、w oo oo eaou:house out mouth count fountain mountainshout mouseow:cow towel clown owl crown brown flowertoweroi:coin oil point noise boil soil poisoncoiloy:oyster boy cowboy soy toyau:august sause sausage naughty autumnapplauseaw:paw draw saw straw strawberry lawnoo:moon zoo roof rooster boots food

12、spoonroom cool fool boom foolishoo:book cook good foot look hookea:head sweater sweat pear lead bearleather feather第五天:ch sh wh ph th th kn wrmbch:beach lunch cheese bench church chickenchair cherrysh:sheep shirt ship fish dish push shoesshovelwh:whale white wheel wheat whip whistlewheelchair whispe

13、rph:photo elephant telephone trophy pharmacyalphabetth:brother feather leather father motherth:thumb three bathmat thirsty thief bathmouth teethkn:knob knee knife knock knitwr:wrist wrinkle wrap wreath writemb:thumb lamb bomb comb crumb numb第六天:bl fl pl cl gl br cr gr pr fr tr drbl:blue black blouse

14、 bloom bleach blanket blondehairfl: flat flu fly flame flute floor flagflowerpl:plane play plus planet platform plumplate plantcl:clock cloud clean clay climb close clapclowngl:glove globe glass glue glasses gliderbr:bright brook brim bride brown breadbrick brothercr:crown crab cream crow crayon cro

15、codilecry croissantgr:gray green grass grapes ground growgrandmapr:prixe price prawn press prince princessprayfr:frog frost Friday French fries fruitfront friend frametr:tractor truck train tray tree triangletrunk trolleydr:dream drum dry drop draw drive dressdrink第七天:sm sn sl sw sp st sc sk all ew

16、ysm:smile small smell smoke smoothsn:snowman snow snore snake snail sneakerssneakers snacksl:slow slap sleep slide slope sledsw:switch swallow swan swim sweet swingsweater sweatsp:spider spaceship spinach spoon spellst:stockings store star stamp storm stickstudent standsc:scarf scooter scanner scare

17、crow scalescorpion scoopsk:skunk skis skirt skatesall:call tall fall ball wallew:dew few view hew new nephew newspaperYy: sky fly dry spy type shy cry my Yy :Miny sunny puppy dizzy dirty pony happybaby自然拼音強(qiáng)化練習(xí)：Tongue twister1.A big black bear sat on a big black bug.2.A big black bug bit a big black

18、dog onhis big black nose!3.Cat, Cat, catch that fat rat.4.A fat cat catches a mad rat.5.Blue glue gun, green glue gun.6.Black background, brown background.7.A noisy noise annoys an oyster.8.A good cook can cook good cookies.9.At noon I took a good book，andsat by the pool in the wood.I soon took off

19、my boot.And put my foot in thepool.Oh! How cool, how cool.10.The hunter and his huge horse hidebehind in house.11. Betty better butter Brad's bread.12.Two tiny tigers take two taxis to town.13.The first is the first.The third is thethird.The third can be the first, The first can be the third.14.

20、Sir, this girl wearing a dirty skirt isnot the first, but the third.15.A flea and a fly flew up in a flue. Saidthe flea, "Let us fly!" Said the fly, "Let us flee!" Sothey flew through a flaw in the flue.16. I wish you were a fish in my dish.17.Jean's three sheep are near the

21、greenjeep.18.There are thirty -three thousand threehundred and thirty-three feathers on that bird's throat.19.Neither father nor mother likes this weather.20.Its a goat,sitting in a boat,wearing acoat and writing a note.Its a bear,sitting on a chair,holding a pear andcombing its hair.Its a cock,

22、sitting on a rock,wearing a sock and looking at aclock.Its a fly,wearing a tie,holding a pie and waving good bye.第一天：a e i o u a_e e_e i_e o_e u_eAa : mat map bag cat hat fan bat appleEe:egg well red pen net hen bed bellIi: lick six bib pig pin kiss ink hillOo:ox on octopus box sock operate ostrichU

23、u:sun umbrella cup bus nut gun uncle undercape name tape lake game make take hatethese Japanese Chinesebite five nine kite mine nice ride siderose nose rope note pose home rode thosetube cube June cute huge第二天:ai ay ee ea ey ie igh oa ow ui ueai: tail rain paint pain jail rail nail maiday:bay ray wa

24、y say hay pay May layee:reeds eel bee peel jeep feet see teethea:sea meat peanut eagle peach tea leaf peaey:donkey monkey jockey turkey monkey hockey key trolleyie:tie pie lie dieigh:right sight night tight hight fight high sighoa:road toast toad coal goat boat coat soapow:rainbow pillow yellow wind

25、ow bowl row hollow lowui:suit juice fruitue:Sue blue glue true第三天:ar er ir ur orar: arm car armchair card cart farm park gardener:sister brother under rooster winter mermaid marker motherir:birthday circus dirty bird circle dirt girlur:turtle surfing turkey fur hurt purse nurseor:porch pork horse ho

26、rn fort morning corn fork第四天:ou ow oi oy au aw oo oo eaou:house out mouth count fountain mountain shout mouseow:cow towel clown owl crown brown flower toweroi:coin oil point noise boil soil poison coiloy:oyster boy cowboy soy toyau:august sause sausage naughty autumn applauseaw:paw draw saw straw st

27、rawberry lawnoo:moon zoo roof rooster boots food spoon room cool fool boom foolishoo:book cook good foot look hookea:head sweater sweat pear lead bear leather feather第五天:ch sh wh ph th th kn wr mbch:beach lunch cheese bench church chicken chair cherrysh:sheep shirt ship fish dish push shoes shovelwh

28、:whale white wheel wheat whip whistle wheelchair whisperph:photo elephant telephone trophy pharmacy alphabetth:brother feather leather father motherth:thumb three bathmat thirsty thief bath mouth teethkn:knob knee knife knock knitwr:wrist wrinkle wrap wreath writemb:thumb lamb bomb comb crumb numb第六

29、天:bl fl pl cl gl br cr gr pr fr tr drbl:blue black blouse bloom bleach blanket blonde hairfl: flat flu fly flame flute floor flag flowerpl:plane play plus planet platform plum plate plantcl:clock cloud clean clay climb close clap clowngl:glove globe glass glue glasses gliderbr:bright brook brim brid

30、e brown bread brick brothercr:crown crab cream crow crayon crocodile cry croissantgr:gray green grass grapes ground grow grandmapr:prixe price prawn press prince princess prayfr:frog frost Friday French fries fruit front friend frametr:tractor truck train tray tree triangle trunk trolleydr:dream dru

31、m dry drop draw drive dress drink第七天:sm sn sl sw sp st sc sk all ew ysm:smile small smell smoke smoothsn:snowman snow snore snake snail sneakers sneakers snacksl:slow slap sleep slide slope sledsw:switch swallow swan swim sweet swing sweater sweatsp:spider spaceship spinach spoon spellst:stockings s

32、tore star stamp storm stick student standsc:scarf scooter scanner scarecrow scale scorpion scoopsk:skunk skis skirt skatesall:call tall fall ball wallew:dew few view hew new nephew newspaperYy: sky fly dry spy type shy cry my Yy :Miny sunny puppy dizzy dirty pony happy baby我家dad，脾氣bad，讓我sad。有只cat，非常

33、fat， 專(zhuān)吃rat。放下plate，趕到gate，已經(jīng)late。清晨wake，來(lái)到lake，釣上snake。撇下net，魚(yú)沒(méi)get，衣服wet。為捉pest，從不rest，本領(lǐng)best。一只pig，非常big，把洞dig。沒(méi)給tip，把我lip，裝上 zip。一只kite，顏色white，被狗bite。學(xué)會(huì)ride，媽媽pride。清晨jog，帶上dog，踩到frog。輕輕hop，跳上top， 唱起pop。把眼close，用我nose，去聞rose。喝著coke，聽(tīng)著joke，把腰broke。舉著gun，瞄準(zhǔn)sun，不停run。小小bug，把我hug。找個(gè)excuse，借車(chē)use，遭到ref

34、use。假裝mute，真是cute。開(kāi)著car，向著star，路途far。想變smart，必須start ，學(xué)習(xí)art。一個(gè)driver，掉進(jìn)river，生命over。一個(gè)robber，專(zhuān)搶 rubber。穿上shirt，脫下skirt，扔進(jìn)dirt。這只bird，總跑third。個(gè)子short，喜歡sport，跑到airport。拿著fork，吃著pork。一個(gè)nurse，丟了purse。買(mǎi)只turtle，顏色purple。一只goat，穿件coat，上了boat。一片oat，卡在throat。燃燒oil，直到boil，倒進(jìn)soil。是否join，拋起coin。帶上hook，來(lái)到brook，

35、水面look。手拿book，一邊look，開(kāi)始cook。炎熱noon，跳上spoon，飛到moon。一個(gè)fool，掉進(jìn)pool，真是cool。西瓜round，長(zhǎng)在ground，被我found。一只mouse, 穿件blouse, 走進(jìn)house。天在snow， 風(fēng)在blow，樹(shù)在grow。秋風(fēng)follow，樹(shù)葉yellow，落到pillow。不知cow，近況how，去問(wèn)now。一座town，不停down，快要drown。一只bee，躲進(jìn)tree，沒(méi)人see。懸崖deep，開(kāi)著jeep，莫要sleep。抱著B(niǎo)arbie，吃著cookie, 看著movie。被我niece，摔成piece。丟了gl

36、ue，沒(méi)有clue，臉氣blue。手拿tissue，排好queue。一顆pea，掉進(jìn)sea，泡壺tea。身體weak，爬上peak，無(wú)力speak。吞進(jìn)lead，摸摸head，已經(jīng)dead。吃著bread，報(bào)紙spread，開(kāi)始read。不停train，沒(méi) 有pain，哪有g(shù)ain。把手raise，老師praise。小狗paw，那根straw，把畫(huà)draw。坐在lawn，學(xué)習(xí)law。被窩cozy，床上lazy，真是crazy。抱著puppy，心里 happy。如果shy，不敢try，無(wú)機(jī)會(huì)fly。不停cry，眼淚dry，下鍋fry。很多day，沒(méi)發(fā)pay，無(wú)話say。天空gray，無(wú)心play

37、 ，回家stay。頑皮monkey，撿起key，扔向donkey。為了honey，節(jié)省money。有個(gè)boy，玩著toy，心中joy。跳進(jìn)soy，盡情enjoy。一只hare，居然dare，對(duì)我stare。困難share，互相care，趕走scare。天氣fair，涼爽air，吹拂hair。嶄新chair，滾下stair， 需要repair。昨天fire，今天hire，后天retire。撲滅fire，真是tire。離我near，含著tear，叫我dear。一頭bear，裙子wear，采摘pear。一只deer，舉起beer， 大喊cheers。這個(gè)engineer，事事pioneer。洗完fa

38、ce，系好lace，參加race。吃著rice，加點(diǎn)ice ，口喊nice。聽(tīng)聽(tīng)music，變變magic，吃吃garlic?？赐阠omic，野外picnic。動(dòng)作quick，把只cock，藏進(jìn)sock。脫下jacket，忘記 ticket, 還在pocket。同學(xué)each，手拿peach，來(lái)到beach。觀眾watch，激 烈match，球來(lái)catch。天氣sunny，身無(wú)penny，感覺(jué)funny。最快runner, 成了wIinner, 享受dinner。拿起ink，不加think，仰頭drink。敵人tank，裝上bank，老天thank。一首song，歌詞long，總唱wrong。山

39、路along，跑步long，身體strong。像個(gè)king，插上wing，不停swing。美好spring，歌兒 sing，鮮花bring。一頭fox，躲避ox，藏進(jìn)box。忘背text，絕無(wú)next。身體ill，買(mǎi)來(lái) pill，堆成hill。一根needle，掉進(jìn)noodle。飯后hurry，書(shū)包c(diǎn)arry， 遲到sorry。我家parrot，愛(ài)吃carrot,做個(gè)dream，掉進(jìn)stream, 大聲scream,穿著dress，下著chess, 結(jié)果mess.一輛truck，滿載duck，一路luck。碰到trouble，努力double。小小age，讀讀page，提高wage.打開(kāi)fri

40、dge, 端出porridge, 扔下bridge.他很tough, 喝酒enough，從不laugh。心中wish，釣到fish，做成dish。飛機(jī)crash，燒成ash，損失cash。一個(gè)youth，張開(kāi)mouth，吹到south。洗完bath，學(xué) 習(xí)math。我的mother, 生個(gè)brother, 想要another.寒冷weather, 身披leather, 頭戴feather.高高sky ，不知why，掉下spy。站在peak，對(duì)天speak。到了night，打開(kāi)light，保護(hù)sight。方法right，堅(jiān)持fight，前途bright。一只chick，動(dòng)作quick，把我kic

41、k 。吃飯quiet，注意diet。貓吃mice，味道nice，想吃twice。這對(duì)twin，總是win！1.A big black bear sat on a big black bug.2.A big black bug bit a big black dog on his big black nose!3.Cat, Cat, catch that fat rat.4.A fat cat catches a mad rat.5.Blue glue gun, green glue gun.6.Black background, brown background.7.A noisy noise

42、 annoys an oyster.8.A good cook can cook good cookies.9.At noon I took a good book，and sat by the pool in the wood.I soon took off my boot.And put my foot in the pool.Oh! How cool, how cool.10.The hunter and his huge horse hide behind in house.11. Betty better butter Brad's bread.12.Two tiny tig

43、ers take two taxis to town.13.The first is the first.The third is the third.The third can be the first, The first can be the third.14.Sir, this girl wearing a dirty skirt is not the first, but the third.15.A flea and a fly flew up in a flue. Said the flea, "Let us fly!" Said the fly, "

44、;Let us flee!" So they flew through a flaw in the flue.16. I wish you were a fish in my dish.17.Jean's three sheep are near the green jeep.18.There are thirty -three thousand three hundred and thirty-three feathers on that bird's throat.19.Neither father nor mother likes this weather.20

45、.Its a goat,sitting in a boat,wearing a coat and writing a note.Its a bear,sitting on a chair,holding a pear and combing its hair.Its a cock,sitting on a rock,wearing a sock and looking at a clock.Its a fly,wearing a tie,holding a pie and waving good bye.音標(biāo)字母表作為兒童英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)必須掌握的知識(shí)，那么每個(gè)字母如何發(fā)音呢？下面易貝樂(lè)少兒英語(yǔ)培訓(xùn)小

46、編就結(jié)合單詞舉例為大家詳細(xì)講解自然拼讀法音標(biāo)字母表以及相應(yīng)的發(fā)音。A a e apple, actionB b b boy, birdC c k cake, catD d d dentist, doctor, dogE e egg, echoF f f frog, fishG g g girl, godH h h hen, hatI i I Indian, inch J j d juice, jacketK k k key, kiteL l l lion, lamp/ bellM m m monkey, mouse/drumN n n nurse, nose/tenO o a ox, owlP

47、 p p pig, penQ q k queen, quickR r r robot, ruler/hairS s s snake, sunT t t turtle, tableU u A up, umbrella/ ju unicornV v v vest, vanW w w watch, windowX x ks ox, box/ krIs XmasY y j yo-yoZ z z zebra, zoo1. Phonics自然拼讀法二十六個(gè)字母的讀音 (Letter Sounds).l 五個(gè)元音字母(a, e, i, o, u), 每個(gè)發(fā)兩種音：長(zhǎng)音（其字母音）與短音l y不在單詞開(kāi)頭時(shí)，

48、一般被看做元音2. Phonics自然拼讀法單元音單詞拼讀 (Consonant-Vowel-Consonant Combinations) 如果一個(gè)英語(yǔ)單詞或音節(jié)里只有一個(gè)元音,且元音不在末尾，這個(gè)元音一般發(fā)短音. 如：Sam, cat, mat, 等等l Ending Consonantsl One Vowel Word, Short Vowel Soundsl Beginning Consonants3. Phonics自然拼讀法雙元音單詞拼讀(TwoVowel Words):一個(gè)單詞或音節(jié)里有兩個(gè)元音時(shí)，一般來(lái)說(shuō)，前邊一個(gè)元音發(fā)長(zhǎng)音（其字母音），后邊一個(gè)元音不發(fā)音如:make, mai

49、l, may, hay, say, see, sea, meet, meat, key,five, nine, tie, road, coat, toe, cute等等4. Phonics自然拼讀法雙/三輔音在一起時(shí)的聯(lián)讀 (Consonant Blends)l Beginning consonant blends (bl, br,cl, cr, dr, fl, fr, gl, fr, pl, pr, sc, sk, sl, sm, sn, sp, st, sw, tr, tw,scr, spl, str)l Ending consonant blends (ft, lf,lm, lp, lt

50、, mp, nd, nk, nt, pt, sk, st)l Words ending in ll, ss, ffl Consonant digraphs (ch, th, sh, wh)5. Phonics自然拼讀法特殊讀法(1)帶元音的特殊讀法(Irregular Vowels) igh, ing, ind, ild, ar, or, oi, oy, alt, alk,ost, old, er, ir, ur, ew, sion, tion, eigh, all, ow, ow, ou, ay, ous, ed, ed(t), ed (d), aw, au, oo, oo以上字母組合作為整

51、體音節(jié)發(fā)音。需記住它們所發(fā)的音。Examples:l ar (car, far), air (hair), are (hare), au,augh (caught), aw (hawk)l al, all (all, tall,mall, hall), alk (talk, walk), alt (halt, salt), ay (may, play)ew (new, few), eigh (eight, weight), ed:u says/ed/: patted, landed, liftedu says/t/: walked, hopped, stoppedu says/d/: crie

52、d, played, chewedl er (sister, brother), ir (girl,fir, firm), ur (burn, hurt)l ie (field), ing(king, sing,dancing), ind (find, kind, behind), ild (mild, wild, child), igh (high, night,light), irel oi (oil, boil), oy (boy, toy), old(old, cold), ost (most, host), olt, oo (book), oo (tool,school), or (

53、or, for, horn), ow (讀音一：cow, now, how, bow；讀音二：bow, low, blow,snow), ou (shout, out, loud) ould (could, would), ough(五種不同的讀音：cough, through, ought, slough, plough), ought, , ous (famous,nervous),l ue (cruel), ui (fluid)l tion (attention, fiction), sion(passion, expression),l ending sounds : ang, ong

54、, ung,edge, le6. Phonics自然拼讀法特殊讀法(2)l 如果一個(gè)單詞或音節(jié)里只有一個(gè)元音,而且元音在末尾，這個(gè)元音一般發(fā)長(zhǎng)音（其字母音） (Vowel at the end)如：me, hi, go, baby, table, humor，hibernate 等等。l Y在末尾 (作為元音處理）（y at the end）： u 單音節(jié)詞, 沒(méi)有其他元音，y發(fā)”I”(one syllableword, y at the end (pronounced as “I”): my, why, fly, sky u 多音節(jié)詞, y發(fā)”E” 的音(two or more syllables, y at the end(pronounced as “E”): daddy,mommy, baby，honey, crazy7. Phonics自然拼讀法特殊讀法(3) - 固定讀音的單詞 (Sight Word):is, are, the, a, to