2018同等學(xué)力英語(yǔ)模擬試題

1、啟封并使用完畢前2018年同等學(xué)力外國(guó)語(yǔ)水平申請(qǐng)統(tǒng)一模擬學(xué)位A英語(yǔ)試題（1）ENGLISHQUALIFICATIONTESTFORMASTER-DEGREE APPLICANTSPart I Part II Part III Part IV Part V Part VIPart VIIOral CommunicationVocabulary(15 minutes, 10 points)(10 minutes, 10 points)Reading Comprehension (45 minutes, 25 points)ClozeText Completion TranslationWritin

2、g(10 minutes, 10 points)(20 minutes, 20 points)(20 minutes, 10 points)(30 minutes, 15 points)考生須知共150分鐘，分試卷一和試卷二兩部分。試卷一滿分75分，1本時(shí)間為100分鐘，9:00開(kāi)始，10:40結(jié)束；試卷二滿分25分，時(shí)間為50分鐘，10:40開(kāi)始，11:30結(jié)束。2請(qǐng)考生務(wù)必將本人考號(hào)最后兩位數(shù)字填寫(xiě)在本頁(yè)右上角方框內(nèi)。3請(qǐng)將試卷一用 2B 鉛筆填涂在 試卷一答題卡上，答在試卷上的無(wú)效。4在答題卡上正確的填涂方法為：在所代表的字母上涂黑，如ABD 。5監(jiān)考員宣布結(jié)束后，請(qǐng)停止答題，監(jiān)考員收卷

3、過(guò)程中，考生須配合監(jiān)考員驗(yàn)收，并請(qǐng)監(jiān)考員在準(zhǔn)考證上簽字（作為考生交卷的憑據(jù)）。否則，若發(fā)生答卷遺失，責(zé)任由考生自負(fù)。 試卷（一）Part IOral Communication (15 minutes, 10 points)Section ADirections:In this section there are two incomplete dialogues and each dialogue has three blanks and three choices A, B and C, taken from the dialogue. Fill in each of the blanks

4、with one of the choices to complete the dialogue and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Dialogue OneA: What's the difference?B: Try this one.C:Well,they are certainly the most popular.Shop assistant: We have all kinds of cameras here, Madam.What sort of camera are you thinking of buying?Mrs. S

5、mith: Well, I don't know anything about cameras.But my friend tells me that 35mm cameras are thebest.Shop assistant:1Would you like a rangefinder type or a single-lens reflex?Mrs. Smith:2 Shop assistant: With a single-lens reflex, you actually look through the lens when you are taking the photo,

6、so you can see exactly what you are taking.Mrs. Smith: That seems a good idea.Shop assistant: Yes, focusing is easier, too.3It's a good make.Dialogue TwoA: It's about technology.B: You do mean the planet Mars?C:Sounds like quite a trip!M: Do you like to travel?W: Oh yes，I love going to new a

7、nd interesting places.M: What do you think of the idea of a one-way trip to Mars?W:4 M: Well, this is what is being planned at the moment by a company in the Netherlands. They are planning1to send people to Mars and the people who go would never be able to come back to Earth.W:5 M: What is interesti

8、ng about it is that this would be a one-way trip.W: Why is this a one-way trip?M:6Although we do have the knowledge and technology to get people to Mars，wecan't get them back.Section BDirections:In this section there is one incomplete interview which has four blanks and four choices A, B, C and

9、D, taken from the interview.Fill in each of the blanks with one of the choices to complete the interview and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.A: That's right, Mr. Cruise.B: The idea was too scary.C: In the training department of a media company.D. I suppose it all started about five years ag

10、o.Mr. Cruise:So, Miss Parkinson, you organize fitness training and beauty treatments for workingwomen?Miss Parkinson:7 Mr. Cruise:Could you tell me how you first got the idea for the business?Miss Parkinson: Certainly.8I was in holiday and had a very bad skin accident.I foundthat the only thing that

11、 helped the pain was massage and gentle exercise, like yoga orstretching exercises.So I used to go totherapists and classes after work.Mr. Cruise:Where did you work at that time?Miss Parkinson:9 Mr. Cruise:I see.Miss Parkinson: But then, I got a promotion to training manager.That meant I worked long

12、er hours and itwas difficult to get to classes.I asked some of my teachers if they would come to my houseinstead.And most of them agreed.It was more expensive but I thought it was worth it.Lotsof my friends liked the idea, too.So I recommended people to them.That's when I began torealize that ma

13、ybe I could make a business out of it.2Mr. Cruise: Did you give up your job, then?Miss Parkinson: No, not immediately.10I had a good job with a good salary andstarting my own business seemed a bit risky.So I just did it as a hobby really.Part II Vocabulary (10 minutes, 10 points)Directions: There ar

14、e 10 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.11.This incident confirmed my belief that loving-mother force alone is in

15、complete, without fathersdiscipline.A. committedB. conductedC. verifiedD. varied12. Small as the town is, it has one of the most prestigious universities in the world.A. distinguishedB. gorgeousC. enormousD. considerate13. Corruption in the running of the citys largest bank was revealed in Peoples D

16、aily yesterday.A. detectedB. explodedC. exposedD. discovered14. She had no appetite, and simply toyed with the bread and cheese.A.speciallyB. rarelyC. randomlyD. merely15. Being aware of the potential objections, they launched a moderate reform at the beginning stage.A. humbleB. modestC. timidD. mid

17、dle16.Its what he did rather than what he said that impressed all at the meeting.A. except forB. instead ofC. other thanD. owing to17. The project was hampered by a constant stream of visitors.A. held backB. cut offC. carried outD. given up18. Some surveys have suggested that the belief that the mor

18、e money we have, the happier we are is afolklore.A. mythB. religionC. statementD. fable19.Some linguists believe that the ideal age for children learning a foreign language is 5 to 8.A.optimisticB.optionalC.optimalD.oppressed20. With keen perception, convincing facts and a globalangle, Epstein vivid

19、ly recorded a brilliant page ofthe greatrevolution.A. inspectionB. intellectualC. intentionD. insight3Part III Reading Comprehension (45 minutes, 25 points)Section ADirection: There are 4 passages in this part, each passage is followed by 5questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there a

20、re 4 choice marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.Passage 1The secret to eating less and being happy about it may have been cracked years agoby McDonald's.According to a new st

21、udy from Cornell University's Food and Brand Lab, small non-food rewards-like thetoys in McDonald's Happy Meals-stimulate the same reward centers in the brain as food does.The researchers, led by Martin Reimann, carried out a series of experiments to see if people wouldchoose a smaller meal

22、if it was paired with a non-food item.They found that the majority of both kids and adults opted for a haft-sized portion when combinedwith a prize. Both options were priced the same.Even more interesting is that the promise of a future reward was enough to make adults choose thesmaller portion. One

23、 of the prizes used was a lottery ticket, with a $10, $ 50 or $100 payout, and this was aseffective as a tangible gift in persuading people to eat less."The fact that participants were willing to substitute part of a food item for the mere prospect of arelatively small monetary award is interes

24、ting," says Reimann.He theorizes that it is the emotional component of these intangible prizes that make them effective. Infact, vaguely-stated possibilities of winning a prize were more effective than options with hard oddsincluded.“One explanation for this finding is that possible awards may

25、be more emotionally provoking thancertainty awards,” says Reimann. “The uncertainty of winning provides added attraction and desirabilitythrough emotional thrills. The possibility of receiving an award also produces a state of hopea state thatis in itself psychologically rewarding.” In other words,

26、theres a reason why people like to gamble.How might this knowledge be used to help people eat more healthily?One possibility is a healthy option that offers the chance to win a spa weekend. Or maybe the rewardof a half-sized portion could be a half-sized dessert to be claimed only on a future date.

27、That would get youback in the restaurant-and make you eat a little less.421. What do we learn about McDonald's inclusion of toys in its Happy Meals?A. It may shed light on people's desire to crack a secret.B. It has proved to be key to McDonald's business success.C. It appeals to kid'

28、;s curiosity to find out what is hidden inside.D. It may be a pleasant way for kids to reduce their food intake.22. What is the finding of the researchers led by Martin Reimann?A. Reducing food intake is not that difficult if people go to McDonald's more.B. Most kids and adults don't actuall

29、y feel hungry when they eat half of their meal.C. Eating a smaller portion of food does good to the health of kids and adults alike.D. Most kids and adults would choose a smaller meal that came with a non-food item.23. What is most interesting in Martin Reimann's finding?A. Kids preferred an awa

30、rd in the form of money to one in the form of a toy.B. Adults chose the smaller portion on the mere promise of a future award.C. Both kids and adults felt satisfied with only half of their meal portions.D. Neither children nor adults could resist the temptation of a free toy.24. How does Martin Reim

31、ann interpret his finding?A. The emotional component of the prizes is at work.B. People now care more about quality than quantity.C. People prefer certainty awards to possible awards.D. The desire for a future reward is overwhelming.25. What can we infer from Martin Reimann's finding?A. People s

32、hould eat much less if they wish to stay healthy and happy.B. More fast food restaurants are likely to follow McDonald's example.C. We can lead people to eat less while helping the restaurant business.D. More studies are needed to find out the impact of emotion on behavior.Passage 2Urbanizationm

33、igration away from the suburbs to the city centerwill be the biggest real estatetrend in 2015, according to a new report.The report says America's urbanization will continue to be the most significant issue affecting the5industry, as cities across the country imitate the walkability and transit-

34、oriented development making citieslike New York and San Francisco so successful.As smaller cities copy the mof these "24-hour cities," more affordable versions of these places will becreated. The report refers to this as the coming of the "18-hour city," and uses the term to refe

35、r to cities likeHouston, Austin, Charlotte, and Nashville, which are "positioning themselves as highly competitive, interms of livability, employment offerings, and recreational and cultural facilities."Another trend that looks significant in 2015 is that America's largest population g

36、roup, Millennials（千禧一代）, will continue to put off buying a house. Apartments will retain their appeal for a while forMillennials, haunted by what happened to home-owning parents.This trend will continue into the 2020s, the report projects. After that, survey respondents disagree overwhether this gen

37、eration will follow in their parents' footsteps, moving to the suburbs to raise families, orwill choose to remain in the city center.Another issue affecting real estate in the coming year will be America's failing infrastructure. Mostroads, bridges, transit, water systems, the electric grid,

38、 and communications networks were installed 50 to100 years ago, and they are largely taken for granted until they fail.The report's writers state that America's failure to invest in infrastructure impacts not only the health ofthe real-estate market, but also our ability to remain globally c

39、ompetitive.Apart from the specific trends highlighted above, which cause some investors to worry, the reportportrays an overall optimism borne by the recent healthy real-estate "upcycle" and improving economy.Seventy-four percent of the respondents surveyed report a "good to excellent

40、" expectation of real-estateprofitability in 2015. While excessive optimism can promote bad investment patterns, resulting in a real-estate "bubble," the report's writers downplay that potential outcome in that it has not yet occurred.26. According to the new report，real estate de

41、velopment in 2015 will witness.A. an accelerating speedB. a shift to city centersC. a new focus on small citiesD. an ever-increasing demand27. What characterizes "24-hour cities" like New York?A. People can live without private cars.B. People are generally more competitive.C. People can en

42、joy services around the clock.D. People are in harmony with the environment.28. Why are Millennials reluctant to buy a house?A. They can only afford small apartments.6B. The house prices are currently too high.C. Their parents' bad experience still haunts them.D. They feel attached to the suburb

43、an environment.29. What might hinder real estate development in the U.S.?A. The continuing economic recession in the country.B. The lack of confidence on the part of investors.C. The fierce global competition.D. The worsening infrastructure.30. How do most of the respondents in the survey feel about

44、 the U.S. real-estate market in 2015?A. Pessimistic.B. Hopeful.C. Cautious.D. Uncertain.Passage 3The brain is a seemingly endless library, whose shelves house our most precious memories as well asour lifetime's knowledge. But is there a point where it reaches capacity?The answer is no, because b

45、rains are more sophisticated than that. Instead of just crowding in, oldinformation is sometimes pushed out of the brain for new memories to form.Previous behavioral studies have shown that learning new information can lead to forgetting. But in anew study, researchers demonstrated for the first tim

46、e how this effect occurs in the brain.In daily life, forgetting actually has clear advantages. Imagine, for instance, that you lost your bank card.The new card you receive will come with a newal identification number (PIN). Each time youremember the new PIN, you gradually forget the old one. This pr

47、ocess improves access to relevantinformation, without old memories interfering.And most of us may sometimes feel the frustration of having old memories interfere with new,relevant memories. Consider trying to remember where you parked your car in the same car park you wereat a week earlier. This typ

48、e of memory (where you are trying to remember new, but similar information) isparticularly vulnerable to interference.When we acquire new information, the brain automatically tries to incorporateit within existinginformation by forming associations. And when we retrieveinformation, both the desired

49、and associated butirrelevant information is recalled.The majority of previous research has focused on how we learn and remember new information. But7current studies are beginning to place greater emphasis on the conditions under which we forget, as itsimportance begins to be more appreciated.A very

50、small number of people are able to remember almost every detail of their life. While it may soundlike an advantage to many, people with this rare condition often find their unusual ability burdensome.In a sense, forgetting is our brain's way of sorting memories, so the most relevant memories are

51、 readyfor retrieval. Normal forgetting may even be a safety mechanism to ensure our brain doesn't becofull.31. What have past behavioral studies found about our brain?A. Its capacity actually knows no limits.B. It grows sophisticated with practice.C. It keeps our most precious memories until lif

52、e's end.D. New information learned pushes old information out.32. What is the benefit of forgetting?A. It frees us from painful memories.B. It helps slow down our aging process.C. It facilitates our access to relevant information.D. It prevents old information from forming associations.33. What

53、is the emphasis of current studies of memory?A. When people tend to forget.B. What contributes to forgetting.C. How new technology hinders memory capacity.D. Why learning and forgetting are complementary.34. What do people find about their rare ability to remember every detail of their life?A. It ad

54、ds to the burden of their memory.B. It makes their life more complicated.C. It contributes to their success in life.D. It constitutes a rare object of envy.35. What docs the passage say about forgetting?A. It can enlarge our brain capacity.B. It helps get rid of negative memories.C. It is a way of o

55、rganizing our memories.D. It should not cause any alarm in any way.8Passage 4Recently I attended several meetings where wked about ways to retain students and keep youngerfaculty members from going elsewhere.It seems higher education has become an industry of meeting-holders whose task it is to &quo

56、t;solve"problems-real or imagined. And in my position as a professor at three different colleges, the actualproblems in educating our young people and older students have deepened, while the number of peoplehired-not to teach but to hold meetings-has increased significantly. Every new problem c

57、reates a new jobfor an administrative fixer. Take our Center for Teaching Excellence. Contrary to its title, the center is aclearing house ( 信息 交流中 心) for using technology in classrooms and in online courses. It's anadministrative sham () of the kind that has multiplied over the last 30 years.I

58、offer a simple proposition in response: Many of our problems-class attendance, educational success,student happiness and well-being-might be improved by cutting down the bureaucratic mechanisms andmeetings and instead hiring an army of good teachers. If we replaced half of our administrative staff withclassroom teachers, we might actuall