英語(yǔ)簡(jiǎn)單句的五個(gè)基本句型

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上英語(yǔ)五個(gè)基本句型句子的成分組成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子的成分。句子成分包括：主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)（直接賓語(yǔ)、間接賓語(yǔ)）、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)是句子主體部分（在英文中一般的句子必須有主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)）。表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)里的組成部分。其他成分如定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)是句子的次要部分。下面我們分別講述一下句子的各個(gè)成分：1 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)講述的對(duì)象，表示所說(shuō)的“是什么”或“是誰(shuí)”。一般由名詞、代詞、不定式或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞或短語(yǔ)來(lái)充當(dāng)。它在句首。We study in No.1 Middle School.（講述“誰(shuí)”）我們?cè)谝恢袑W(xué)習(xí)。The classroom is

2、 very clean.（講述“什么”很干凈）這間教室很干凈。Three were absent.（數(shù)詞作主語(yǔ)）三個(gè)人缺席。To teach them English is my job.（不定式作主語(yǔ)）教他們英語(yǔ)是我的工作。注意不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用形式主語(yǔ)it句型，因此左例可變?yōu)镮t is my job to teach them English.（真正的主語(yǔ)是to teach them English.）2 謂語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)“做什么”，“是什么”或“怎么樣”。謂語(yǔ)（謂語(yǔ)部分里主要的詞）必須用動(dòng)詞。謂語(yǔ)和主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)兩方面必須一致。它在主語(yǔ)后面。His Parents are doctors.

3、（系動(dòng)詞和表語(yǔ)一起作謂語(yǔ)）他的父母親是醫(yī)生。She looks well.（系動(dòng)詞和表語(yǔ)一起作謂語(yǔ)）她看起來(lái)氣色（面色）很好。We study hard.（實(shí)義動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)）我們努力學(xué)習(xí)。We have finished reading the book.（助動(dòng)詞和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞一起作謂語(yǔ)）我們已經(jīng)看完了這本書(shū)。He can speak English.（情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)）他會(huì)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。3 表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)“是什么”或者“怎么樣”，由名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞、不定式及相當(dāng)于名詞或形容詞的詞或短語(yǔ)來(lái)?yè)?dān)任。它的位置在系動(dòng)詞后面。You look younger than before.（形容詞作表語(yǔ)

4、）你看起來(lái)比以前年輕。I am a teacher.（名詞作表語(yǔ)）我是個(gè)老師。Everybody is here.（副詞作表語(yǔ)）所有的人都出席了。They are at home now.（介詞短語(yǔ)作表語(yǔ)）他們現(xiàn)在在家。My job is to teach them English.（不定式作表語(yǔ)）我的工作是教他們英語(yǔ)。4  賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作、行為的對(duì)象，由名詞、代詞、不定式或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞、短語(yǔ)來(lái)?yè)?dān)任，它和及物動(dòng)詞一起說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)做什么，在謂語(yǔ)之后。（直接賓語(yǔ)、間接賓語(yǔ)詳見(jiàn)后面五種基本句型）。She is playing the piano now.（名詞作賓語(yǔ)）她正在彈鋼琴。He of

5、ten helps me.（代詞作賓語(yǔ)）他常常幫助我。He likes to sleep in the open air.（不定式作賓語(yǔ)）他喜歡在露天睡覺(jué)。We enjoy living in China.（動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)）我們高興住在中國(guó)。5狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或副詞。一般表示行為發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、目的、方式、程度等意義，一般由副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式或相當(dāng)于副詞的詞或短語(yǔ)來(lái)表示。狀語(yǔ)一般放在句末，但有的可以放在句首、句中。（詳見(jiàn)副詞）He did it carefully.（副詞作狀語(yǔ)）他仔細(xì)、認(rèn)真地做這項(xiàng)工作。Without his help，we couldn't work

6、 it out.（介詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)）如果沒(méi)有他的幫助，我們不可能解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題。（In order） to catch up with my classmates， I must study hard.（不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)）為了趕上我的同學(xué)，我必須努力學(xué)習(xí)。6 定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)是用來(lái)修飾名詞或代詞的。形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式或相當(dāng)于形容詞的詞或短語(yǔ)等都可以擔(dān)任定語(yǔ)。因?yàn)樗切揎椕~或代詞的，而名詞和代詞又可以作主語(yǔ)，還可以作表語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)，所以定語(yǔ)的位置很靈活，凡是有名詞、代詞的地方都可以有定語(yǔ)。The black bike is mine . （形容詞作定語(yǔ)）I have something

7、 to do .  （不定式作定語(yǔ)）英語(yǔ)五個(gè)基本句式從英語(yǔ)的句子結(jié)構(gòu)上說(shuō)，除了修飾名詞的定語(yǔ)和修飾動(dòng)詞的狀語(yǔ)外，在千變?nèi)f化的句子中可歸納為五個(gè)基本句式，一般地說(shuō)，某些動(dòng)詞用在某一句式中，下面筆者把這些句型和常用的動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行歸類,供你參考。1.S(主） + Vi（不及物動(dòng)詞）（謂） Time flies.1) S + V + adverbial(狀語(yǔ)）Birds sing beautifully.2) S + Vi+ prep Phrase（介詞短語(yǔ)）He went on holiday.3) S + Vi+ Infinitive (不定式）We stopped to have

8、 a rest.4) S + Vi+ Participle (分詞）I'll go swimming.2. S (主）+ Vt （及物動(dòng)詞）（謂）+ O（賓）We like English.1) S + VT + N/PronI like music.I like her.2) S + VT + infinitive(不定式）I want to help him.常用于這句型的動(dòng)詞有：attempt, dare, decide, desire, expect, hope, intend, learn, need, offer, pretend, promise,propose, pur

9、pose, refuse, want, wish等。3) S + VT + Wh-Word + InfinitiveI don't know what to do.常用于這句型的動(dòng)詞有：ask, consider, decide, discover, explain, find out, forget, guess, inquire, know, learn,observe, remember, see, settle, tell, think, understand, wonder等。4) S + VT + GerundI enjoy living here.常用于這句型的動(dòng)詞有：a

10、dmit, advise, avoid, consider, defend, enjoy, excuse, finish, forbid, mind, miss,practise, risk, suggest, give up, can't help等。5) S + VT + That-clauseI don't think (that) he is right.常用于這句型的動(dòng)詞有：Admit, believe, command, confess, declare, demand, deny, doubt, expect, explain, feel(覺(jué)得）, hear（聽(tīng)說(shuō)

11、）, hope, imagine, intend, know, mean, mind（當(dāng)心）, notice, propose, request, report, say, see（看出），show, suggest, suppose, think, understand, wish, wonder(覺(jué)得奇怪）。3. S (主）+ V（謂）（lv)( 系動(dòng)詞）+ P（表）We are Chinese.除了be 系動(dòng)詞外，還有一些動(dòng)詞也可以用作系動(dòng)詞，1)表感官的動(dòng)詞，feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem 等。2) 表轉(zhuǎn)變變化的動(dòng)詞，beco

12、me, get, grow, turn, go,等。 3)表延續(xù)的動(dòng)詞 remain, keep, seem, hold, stay, rest等。4)表瞬時(shí)的動(dòng)詞 come, fall, set, cut, occur等 5)其他動(dòng)詞 eat, lie, prove, ring, run, shine, sit, stand, continue,hang等。1) S + Lv + N/Pron(名詞/代詞）He is a boy.This is mine.2) S + Lv + Adj（形容詞）She is beautiful.3) S + Lv + Adv (副詞）Class is ove

13、r.4) S + Lv + Prep PhraseHe is in good health.5) S + Lv + Participle(分詞）He is excited.The film is interesting.4. S (主）+ VT （謂）+ In O（間接 賓） + D O（直接 賓）I give you help.1) S + VT + N/Pron + NI sent him a book.I bought May a book.2) S + VT + N/Pron + To/for-phraseHe sent a book to me.He bought a coat fo

14、r me.間接賓語(yǔ)前需要加to 的常用動(dòng)詞有：allow, bring, deny, do(帶來(lái)）， give, grant, hand, leave, lend, offer, owe,pass, pay, permit, promise, read, refuse, render, restore, sell, send, show, teach, tell wish, write等。間接賓語(yǔ)前需要加for 的常用動(dòng)詞有：bring, buy, cash, choose, fetch, get, leave, make, order, paint, play(演奏），save, sing,

15、 spare等。5. S (主）+ VT（謂）+ O（賓） + O C（賓補(bǔ)）I make you clear.1) S + VT + N/Pron + NWe named our baby Tom.常用于這句型的動(dòng)詞有：appoint, call, choose, elect, entitle, find, make, name, nominate(命名）。2) S + VT + N/Pron + AdjHe painted the wall white.常用于這句型的動(dòng)詞有：beat, boil, cut, drive, find, get, hold, keep, leave, like

16、, make, paint, see, set, turn,want, wash, wipe, wish等。3) S + VT + N/Pron + Prep PhraseShe always keeps everything in good order.4) S + VT + N/Pron + InfinitiveI wish you to stay.I made him work常用于這句型的動(dòng)詞有：a)不定式帶to的詞：advice, allow, ask, beg, cause, choose, command, decide, encourage,expect, force, get

17、, hate, invite, know, leave, like, love, order, permit, persuade, prefer, remain, request,teach, tell, want, warn, wish等。b)不定式不帶to的詞：feel, have, hear, know, let, listen to, look at, make,notice, see, watch等。5) S + VT + N/Pron + Participle (分詞）I heard my name called.I feel something moving.常用于這句型的動(dòng)詞有

18、：catch, feel, find, get, have, hear, imagine, keep, leave, listen to, look at, notice,observe, perceive, see, set, smell, start, watch等。6) S + VT + N/Pron + Wh-word + InfinitiveHe show me how to do it.常用于這句型的動(dòng)詞有：advise, ask, inform, show, teach, tell等。7) S + VT + N/Pron + That-clauseHe told me that

19、the film was great.常用于這句型的動(dòng)詞有：assure, inform, promise, remind, teach, tell, warm等。 S + VT + N/Pron + Wh-ClauseHe asked me what he should do.常用于這句型的動(dòng)詞有：Advise, ask, inform, show, teach, tell.二、句子成分：英語(yǔ)句子成分分為七種：主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。1、主語(yǔ)是句子所要說(shuō)的人或事物，回答是“誰(shuí)”或者“什么”。通常用名詞或代詞擔(dān)任。如：I'm Miss Green.（我是格林小姐）2、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，回答“做（什么）”。主要由動(dòng)詞擔(dān)任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. （杰克每天打掃房間）3、表語(yǔ)在系動(dòng)詞之后，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的身份或特征，回答是“什么”或者“怎么樣”。通常由名詞、代詞或形容詞擔(dān)任。如：My name is Pi