英語簡單句的五種基本句型(講解、練習(xí)、打印版)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上簡單句的五種基本句型講解及習(xí)題一、句子成份英語句子成分有主語，謂語，賓語，賓語補足語，表語，定語，狀語等。 順序一般是主語，謂語，賓語，賓語補足語，而表語，定語，狀語的位置要根據(jù)情況而定。 1、主語：表示句子主要說明的人或事物，一般位于句首。但在there be結(jié)構(gòu)、疑問句（當(dāng)主語不疑問詞時）和倒裝句中，主語位于謂語、助動詞或情態(tài)動詞后面。主語可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語從句等表示。例如：Country music has become more and more popular.（名詞）We often speak English in

2、 class.（代詞）One-third of the students in this class are girls.（數(shù)詞）To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式）Smoking does harm to the health.（動名詞）The rich should help the poor.（名詞化的形容詞）When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主語從句）It is necessary to master a foreign language

3、.（it作形式主語，真正的主語為后面的不定式） 2、謂語：謂語說明主語的動作，狀態(tài)或特征?？梢杂胁煌臅r態(tài)，語態(tài)和語氣。1)簡單謂語： We study for the people. 2)復(fù)合謂語： I can speak a little English. We are reading books. He has gone to Beijing.3、表語: 它位于系動詞(比如be)之后，說明主語身份，特征，屬性或狀態(tài)。 My sister is a nurse.Is it yours?（代詞）The weather has turned cold.（形容詞）The speech is ex

4、citing.（分詞）Three times seven is twenty one?（數(shù)詞）His job is to teach English.（不定式）His hobby（愛好）is playing football.（動名詞）The ruler must be in your box.（介詞短語）Time is up. The class is over.（副詞）The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表語從句） 4、賓語: 賓語表示動作行為的對象，跟在及物動詞之后，We like English.How many dictionari

5、es do you have? I have five.（數(shù)詞）They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名詞化形容詞）It began to rain.（不定式短語）I enjoy listening to popular music.（動名詞短語）I think（that）he is fit for his office.（賓語從句）有些及物動詞可以帶兩個賓語，往往一個指人，一個指物，指人的叫間接賓語，指物的叫直接賓語。 He gave me some ink. 有些及物動詞的賓語后面還需要有一個補足語，意思才完整，賓語和它的補

6、足語構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語。如： We make him our monitor(班長).5、賓補: 就是賓語補足語，就是補充說明賓語的 I see you crossing the street His father named him David.（名詞）They painted（涂漆） their boat white.（形容詞）Let the fresh（新鮮的） air in.（副詞）You mustnt force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短語）We saw her entering the room.（現(xiàn)在分詞）We found everythin

7、g in the lab in good order.（介詞短語）6、定語: 在句中修飾名詞或代詞的成分叫定語。 He is a new student. 但副詞，動詞不定式，介詞短語等作定語時，則放在被修飾的詞之后。 The bike in the room/over there/ is mine.Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容詞）China is a developing（發(fā)展中） country; America is a developed（發(fā)達(dá)） country.（分詞） There are thirty women teachers is our sc

8、hool.（名詞）His progress（進步）in English made us surprised.（代詞）Our monitor（班長） is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短語）He is reading an article(文章) about how to learn English.（介詞短語） 7、狀語: 修飾動詞，形容詞，副詞以及全句的句子成分，叫做狀語。狀語一般放在被修飾的詞之后或放在句尾。副詞作狀語時可放在被修飾的詞前或句首。 He lives in London. Light travels most qui

9、ckly.（副詞及副詞性詞組）He has lived in the city for ten years.（介詞短語）He is sorry to trouble(麻煩) you.（不定式短語）He is in the room making a model plane.（分詞短語）Once（一旦0 you begin, you must continue.（狀語從句）狀語種類如下：How about meeting again at six?（時間狀語）Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因狀語）

10、I shall go there if it doesnt rain.（條件狀語）Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地點狀語）She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式狀語）She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴隨狀語）In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（目的狀語）He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（結(jié)果狀語

11、）She works very hard though she is old.（讓步狀語）I am taller than he is.（比較狀語）一、指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分：1. The students got on the school bus.2. He handed me the newspaper.3. I shall answer your question after class.4. His job is to train swimmers.5. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.6. His wish i

12、s to become a scientist.7. He wants to finish the work in time.8. Tom came to ask me for advice（建議）.9. He found it important to master English.10. Do you have anything else to say?11. Would you please tell me your address?12. He sat there, reading a newspaper.13. It is our duty to keep our classroom

13、 clean and tidy.14. He noticed（注意到） a man enter the room.15. The apples tasted sweet.簡單句的五種基本句型英語句子看上去紛繁龐雜，但仔細(xì)觀察不外乎五個基本句式。這五個基本句式可以演變出多種復(fù)雜的英語句子。換言之，絕大多數(shù)英語句子都是由這五個基本句式生成的。這五個基本句式如下：S十V主謂結(jié)構(gòu) 主語 不及物動詞S十V十P主系表結(jié)構(gòu) 主語 連系動詞 表語S十V十O主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu) 主語 及物動詞 賓語S十V十O1十O2 主謂雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)S十V十O十C 主謂賓補結(jié)構(gòu) 判斷類型和句子成分：She came She likes En

14、glish. She is happyThe teacher asked me to read the passage. She bought a book for me. She gave John a book My head aches.She makes her mother angry The sun was shining. The moonrose. Theytalked for half an hour. 他們談了半個小時。The dinner smells good. 午餐的氣味很好。 Everything looks different. 一切看來都不同了。He is gr

15、owing tall and strong. 他長得又高又壯。 His face turned red. 他的臉紅了。Whoknowsthe answer? 誰知道答案？ Heenjoys reading. 他喜歡看書。Iwantto have a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。Heboughtyoua dictionary. Sheorderedherselfa new dress. 她給自己定了一套新衣裳。Shecookedher husbanda delicious meal. 她給丈夫煮了一餐美饌。Ishowedhimmy pictures. Igavemy cara wash.

16、 我洗了我的汽車。Heshowedmehow to run the machine. 他教我開機器。 What makes him think so? 他怎么會這樣想？The children are playing happily. The Greens enjoy living in China.He became a famous doctor.他成為了一名著名的醫(yī)生。The apple pie tastes really delicious.蘋果派吃起來真是好吃?；揪湫鸵唬篠十V主謂結(jié)構(gòu)這種句型中的動詞大多是不及物動詞：appear, apologize, arrive, come,

17、 die, disappear, fall, happen, rise,如： 學(xué)生們學(xué)習(xí)很努力。_基本句型二:S十V十P主系表結(jié)構(gòu)常見的系動詞有：be(是)； get(變得), become(成為), turn(變得), look(看起來), feel(感到), smell(聞起來), taste(嘗起來), sound(聽起來), seem(似乎)A. 表示狀態(tài)的連系動詞。這些詞有：be, look, seem, appear, smell, taste, sound, keep, remain, 等等。1) We should _ _ any time. 我們在任何時候都應(yīng)該保持安靜。2)

18、 這種食物嘗起來很糟糕。_.B. 表示轉(zhuǎn)變或結(jié)果的系動詞。這些詞有：become, get, grow, turn, go, come, prove,等等。如：1) Spring comes. It is _. 春天到了，天氣變得越來越暖和。2) Dont have the food. _.不要吃那種食物，它已經(jīng)變質(zhì)了。基本句型三: S十V十O主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)1) 我昨天看了一部電影。_.2）They have _ _ _ of the children這些孩子他們照看得很好?；揪湫退? S十V十間接賓語“人”十直接賓語“物”結(jié)構(gòu) 間接賓語前需要加to 的常用動詞有： bring, give, h

19、and, lend, offer, pass, pay, read, sell, send, show, teach, tell wish, write等。 間接賓語前需要加for 的常用動詞有： buy, choose, make, order, paint, play(演奏)， sing,等。 1）Yesterday her father _ _ _ _ as a birthday present. 昨天她父親給她買了一輛自行車作為生日禮物。2) The old man _ _ _ _ _ in the Long March. (正在給孩子們講故事)這種句型還可轉(zhuǎn)換為： 動詞 直接賓語 f

20、or/ to sb. 3) Please show me your picture. =Please _ _ _ _ _. 請把你的畫給我看一下。 4) I _ _ the salt. = I _the salt _ _.我把書遞給他?；揪湫臀? S十V十O十C 主謂賓補結(jié)構(gòu) 此句型的句子的共同特點是：動詞雖然是及物動詞，但是只跟一個賓語還不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須加上一個補充成分來補足賓語。call（叫）, choose（選）, find（發(fā)現(xiàn)）, make, name(命名)1）Keep _, please. 請讓孩子們安靜下來。2）Theypainted _ _ _. 他們把門漆成綠色。

21、3) We must _ _ _ _. 我們必須保持我們的學(xué)校潔。4) He askedme_ _ _ soon. 他要我早點回來。5）我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他是一個懶惰的人。_.注意：動詞have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, watch等后面接動詞不定式作賓補時，不帶to。如：6）The boss _ _ _ all day. (迫使他勞動) 7) Wesaw _ _ _. (他出去)。考點突破訓(xùn)練1. I am sorry to have kept you_ A to wait B wait C waited D waiting2. I felt someb

22、ody _ me. A touch B touched C to touch D touches3. He taught me _ speak English. A how should B how C how can I D how to 4. I shall make your dream _. A coming truly B come true C to come true D comes true5. He told _ home. A us not to go B we not go C us not go D us to not go 6. I think _ a good ha

23、bit to get up early. A this B it C that D its7. Roses in bloom smell _. A sweeten B sweetly C sweet D sweetness8. The weather _.A. wet and cold B. is wet and coldC. not wet and coldD. were wet and cold9. The apple tasted _.A. sweets B. sweetly C. nicely D. sweet10. He got up _ yesterday morning.A. lately B. late C. latest D. latter11. _ were all very tired, but none of _ would stop to take a rest.A. We,