中考英語(yǔ)-簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型講解及練習(xí)題

1、簡(jiǎn)單句的五種根本句型講解與練習(xí)題一、句子成份英語(yǔ)句子成分有主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)等。順序一般是主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，而表語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)的位置要根據(jù)情況而定。1、主語(yǔ)：表示句子主要說(shuō)明的人或事物，一般位于句首。但在there be結(jié)構(gòu)、疑問(wèn)句當(dāng)主語(yǔ)不疑問(wèn)詞時(shí)和倒裝句中，主語(yǔ)位于謂語(yǔ)、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面。主語(yǔ)可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、名詞化的形 容詞和主語(yǔ)從句等表示。例如：Country music has become more and more popular.名詞Weofte n speak En glish in class.代詞One-thi

2、rd of the stude nts in this class are girls.數(shù)詞To swim in the river is a great pleasure.不定式Smoking does harm to the health.動(dòng)名詞The rich should help the poor.名詞化的形容詞When we are going to have an En glish testhas not bee n decided.主語(yǔ)從句It is necessary to master a foreign Ianguage. it 作形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)為后面的不定式2、謂

3、語(yǔ)：謂語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作，狀態(tài)或特征。可以有不同的時(shí)態(tài)，語(yǔ)態(tài)和語(yǔ)氣。1簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ)： Westudy forthepeople.2復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)： I canspeak alittleEnglish. We are reading books. He has gone to Beijing.3、表語(yǔ)：它位于系動(dòng)詞比方be之后，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)身份，特征，屬性或狀態(tài)。Mysisteris anurse .Is it yours ?代詞The weather has turned cold .形容詞The speech is exciting.分詞Three times seven is twenty one ?數(shù)詞

4、His job isto teach English.不定式His hobby 愛(ài)好is playing football .動(dòng)名詞The ruler must be in your box. 介詞短語(yǔ)Time is up. The class is over.副詞The truth is that he has never been abroad .表語(yǔ)從句4、 賓語(yǔ)：賓語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作行為的對(duì)象，跟在與物動(dòng)詞之后，Welike English .How many dictionaries do you have? I havefive .數(shù)詞They helped the old with th

5、eir housework yesterday.名詞化形容詞It began to rain .不定式短語(yǔ)I enjoylistening to popular music .動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)I think thathe is fit for his office.賓語(yǔ)從句有些與物動(dòng)詞可以帶兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，往往一個(gè)指人，一個(gè)指物，指人的叫間接賓語(yǔ)，指物的叫直接賓語(yǔ)。 Hegavemesomeink.有些與物動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)后面還需要有一個(gè)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，意思才完整，賓語(yǔ)和它的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。如： Wemakeimourmonito r班長(zhǎng).5、 賓補(bǔ): 就是賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，就是補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的I see you cros

6、sing the streetHis father named himDongming名詞They painted涂漆t(yī)heir boat white .形容詞Let the fresh新鮮的 air 魚(yú).副詞You mustn' t force him to lend his money to you.不定式短語(yǔ)We saw her entering the room .現(xiàn)在分詞We found everything in the labin good order .介詞短語(yǔ)6、 定語(yǔ)：在句中修飾名詞或代詞的成分叫定語(yǔ)。Heis anewstudent.但副詞，動(dòng)詞不定式，介詞短語(yǔ)等

7、作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，那么放在被修飾的詞之后。Thebike intheroom/over there/ismine.Guilin is a beautiful city.形容詞China is a developing 開(kāi)展中country; America is a developed興旺country.分詞There are thirtywomenteachers is our school.名詞His progress 進(jìn)步in English made us surprised.代詞Our monitor班長(zhǎng)is always the firstto enter the classroom .不

8、定式短語(yǔ)He is reading an article文章about how to learn English.介詞短語(yǔ)7、狀語(yǔ)：修飾動(dòng)詞，形容詞，副詞以與全句的句子成分，叫做狀語(yǔ)。狀語(yǔ)一般放在被修飾的詞之后或放在句尾。 副詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)可放在被修飾的詞前或句首。Helives inLondon .Light travels most quickly .副詞與副詞性詞組He has lived in the cityfor ten years .介詞短語(yǔ)He is sorry to trouble 麻煩you .不定式短語(yǔ)He is in the room making a model pla

9、ne. 分詞短語(yǔ)Once一旦 0 you begin , you must continue.狀語(yǔ)從句狀語(yǔ)種類如下:How about meeting again at six ?時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)Last night she didn' t go to the dance partybecause of the rain .原因狀語(yǔ)I shall go there if it doesn ' t rain .條件狀語(yǔ)Mr Smith lives on the third floor.地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)She put the eggs into the basketwith great care.

10、方式狀語(yǔ)She came in with a dictionary in her hand.伴隨狀語(yǔ)In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder. 目的狀語(yǔ)He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)She works very hard though she is old .讓步狀語(yǔ)I am taller than he is .比較狀語(yǔ)一、指出以下句子劃線局部是什么句子成分：1. The students got on the school bus.2. He h

11、an ded me the n ewspaper.3. I shall an swer your questi on after class.4. His job is to train swimmers.5. He took many photos of the palacesin Beijing.6. His wish is to become a scientist.7. Hewantsto finish the work in time.8. Tom came to ask me for advice建議.9. He found it importa nt to master Engl

12、ish.10. Do you have anything else to say?11. Would you please tell me your address?12. He sat there, reading a newspaper.13. It js our duty to keep our classroom clea n and tidy.14. He no ticed注意至叮a man en ter the room.15. The apples tasted sweet 簡(jiǎn)單句的五種根本句型英語(yǔ)句子看上去紛繁龐雜，但仔細(xì)觀察不外乎五個(gè)根本句式。這五個(gè)根本句式可以演變出多種復(fù)雜

13、的英語(yǔ)句子。 換言之，絕大多數(shù)英語(yǔ)句子都是由這五個(gè)根本句式生成的。這五個(gè)根本句式如下：S十V主謂結(jié)構(gòu)主語(yǔ)+不與物動(dòng)詞S十V十P主系表結(jié)構(gòu)主語(yǔ)+連系動(dòng)詞 +表語(yǔ)S十V十O主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)主語(yǔ)+與物動(dòng)詞 +賓語(yǔ)S十V十01十02主謂雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)S十V十O十C主謂賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)判斷類型和句子成分：She came.She likes English.She is happy.The teacher asked me to read the passage.She bought a book for me.She gave Joh n a book .My head aches.She makes her mothe

14、r angry . The sun was shining.The moon rose.They talkedfor half an hour.他們談了半個(gè)小時(shí)。The dinner smells good. 午餐的氣味很好。Everythi ng looks differe nt.切看來(lái)都不同了。He is growi ng tall and stro ng.他長(zhǎng)得又高又壯。His face turned red.他的臉紅了。Who knows the answer?誰(shuí)知道答案？He enjoys reading.他喜歡看書(shū)。I want to have a cup of tea.我想喝杯茶

15、。He bought you a dictionary.She ordered herself a new dress.她給自己定了一套新衣裳。She cooked her husba nda delicious meal.她給丈夫煮了一餐美饌。I showed him my pictures. I gave my car a wash. 我洗了我的汽車。He showed me how to run the machine.他教我開(kāi)機(jī)器。What makes himthink so?他怎么會(huì)這樣想？The childre n are playi ng happily.The Gree ns

16、enjoy livi ng in China.He became a famous doctor.他成為了一名著名的醫(yī)生。The apple pie tastes really delicious.蘋(píng)果派吃起來(lái)真是好吃。根本句型一： S十V主謂結(jié)構(gòu)這種句型中的動(dòng)詞大多是不與物動(dòng)詞：appear, apologize, arrive, come, die, disappear, fall, happen, rise,I.學(xué)生們學(xué)習(xí)很努力。 根本句型二： S十V十P主系表結(jié)構(gòu) 常見(jiàn)的系動(dòng)詞有：be是；get變得，become成為,turn 變得， look看起來(lái),feel 感到,smell 聞起來(lái)

17、,taste 嘗起來(lái),sound 聽(tīng)起來(lái),seem似乎A. 表示狀態(tài)的連系動(dòng)詞。這些詞有：be, look, seem, appear, smell, taste, sound, keep, remain,等等。8We shouldany time.我們?cè)谌魏螘r(shí)候都應(yīng)該保持安靜。9這種食物嘗起來(lái)很糟糕。 .B. 表示轉(zhuǎn)變或結(jié)果的系動(dòng)詞。這些詞有：become, get, grow, turn, go, come, prove,等等。如：10Spring comes. It is.春天至U了，天氣變得越來(lái)越暖和。IIDon't have the food.不要吃那種食物，它已經(jīng)變質(zhì)了。根

18、本句型三：S十V十O主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)13我昨天看了一部電影。 .16They haveof the children.這些孩子他們照看得很好。根本句型四：S十V十間接賓語(yǔ)“人"十直接賓語(yǔ)“物結(jié)構(gòu)間接賓語(yǔ)前需要加to的常用動(dòng)詞有：bring,give, han d, le nd, offer, pass, pay, read, sell, send, show, teach, tell wish, write等。間接賓語(yǔ)前需要加 for的常用動(dòng)詞有：buy, choose, make, order, paint, play演奏，sing,等。18Yesterday her fatheras

19、a birthdaypresent.昨天她父親給她買了一輛自行車作為生日禮物。19 The old manin the Long March.正在給孩子們講故事 這種句型還可轉(zhuǎn)換為：動(dòng)詞+直接賓語(yǔ)+ for/ to sb.20) Please show me your picture. =Please.請(qǐng)把你的畫(huà)給我看一下。Ithe salt. = Ithe salt.我把書(shū)遞給他。根本句型五：S十V十0十C主謂賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu) 此句型的句子的共同特點(diǎn)是：動(dòng)詞雖然是與物動(dòng)詞，但是只跟一個(gè)賓 語(yǔ)還不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須加上一個(gè)補(bǔ)充成分來(lái)補(bǔ)足賓語(yǔ)。call 叫，choose選，find 發(fā)現(xiàn)，make,

20、name,(命名)22Keep, please.請(qǐng)讓孩子們安靜下來(lái)。23They painted.他們把門漆成綠色。We must.我們必須保持我們的學(xué)校潔。He asked mesoon. 他要我 早點(diǎn)回來(lái)。24我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他是一個(gè)懶惰的人。 .注意：動(dòng)詞 have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, watch等后面所接的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，不帶to。女口： 25The bossall day.(迫使他勞動(dòng) ) We saw .(他出去)?？键c(diǎn)突破訓(xùn)練1、I am sorry to have kept youA to wait B wait C waite

21、d D waiti ng2、I felt somebodymeA touch B touched C to touch D touches3、 He taught mespeak En glishA how should B how C how can I D how to4、I shall make your dreamA coming truly B come true C to come true D comes true5、He toldhomeA us not to go B we not go C us not go D us to not go6、I thinka good ha

22、bit to get up earlyA this B it C that D its7、Roses in bloom smellA sweete n B sweetly C sweet D sweet ness()1. The weather.A. wet and coldB.is wet and coldC. not wet and coldD. were wet and cold()2. The apple tasted.A. sweetsB. sweetlyC. nicelyD. sweet()3. He got upyesterday morni ng.A. latelyB.late

23、C. latestD. latter()4.were all very tired, but none ofwould stop to take a rest.A. We, usB. Us, weC. We, ourD. We, we()5.I thi nkn ecessary必要的to lear n En glish well.A. itsB.itC. thatD. that is()6. The dogmad瘋的.A. looksB.is lookedC. is being looked D. was looked判斷以下句子是簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句還是復(fù)合句：1. We ofte n study

24、 Chin ese history on Friday after noon.2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.3. There is a chair in this room, isn' t there?4. My brother and I go to school at half past seve n in the morning and come back home at seve n in the evening.5. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.6. He

25、 was fond of draw ing whe n he was yet a child.7. Neither has he cha nged his mind, nor will he do so.8. What he said at the meeting is very important, isn' t it?9. The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.10. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.簡(jiǎn)單句的五種根本句型講解與練習(xí)題英語(yǔ)句子看上去紛繁龐雜，但仔細(xì)觀察不外乎五個(gè)根

26、本句式。這五個(gè)根本句式可以演變出多種復(fù)雜的英語(yǔ)句子。換言之，絕大多數(shù)英語(yǔ)句子都是由這五個(gè)根本句式生成的。這五個(gè)根本句式如下：S十V主謂結(jié)構(gòu)S十V十P主系表結(jié)構(gòu)S十V十O主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)S十V十01十02主謂雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)S十V十0十C主謂賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)說(shuō)明：S=主語(yǔ)；V=謂語(yǔ)；P=表語(yǔ)； 8賓語(yǔ)；0仁間接賓語(yǔ)；02=直接賓語(yǔ)；C= 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)根本句型一：S十V主謂結(jié)構(gòu)這種句型中的動(dòng)詞大多是不與物動(dòng)詞，這些動(dòng)詞常見(jiàn)的有：run, study, arrive, come,happen,等。如：1) .學(xué)生們學(xué)習(xí)很努力。2) .她跑得很快。 3) .事故是昨天晚上發(fā)生的。 補(bǔ)充:少數(shù)不與物動(dòng)詞后面能跟一個(gè)一樣意義的名

27、詞作賓語(yǔ)，這個(gè)名詞和前面的動(dòng)詞在詞根上是一樣的或者在意義上是相近的，這樣的賓語(yǔ)就叫做同源賓語(yǔ)。常見(jiàn)的能帶同源賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：lead, live, die, sleep, dream, smile, laugh, fight, r un, sing 等。例如：4) . With the help of his families and n eighbors, the farmer lives a happy life.5) . I dreamed a terrible dream last ni ght.6) . Our soldiers fought a won derful fight ag

28、a inst the Japa nese many years ago.7) . He died a glorious death.根本句型二:S十V十P主系表結(jié)構(gòu)這種句型中的系動(dòng)詞一般可分為以下兩類：A.表示狀態(tài)的連系動(dòng)詞。這些詞有：be, look, seem, appear, smell, taste, sound,keep, rema in,等。如：8) We shouldany time.我們?cè)谌魏螘r(shí)候都應(yīng)該保持冷靜。9) 這種食物嘗起來(lái)很糟糕。B. 表示轉(zhuǎn)變或結(jié)果的系動(dòng)詞。 這些詞有：become, get, grow, turn, go, come, prove,等。如：10)

29、Spri ng comes. It is gett ing warmer and warmer.春天至U了，天氣變得越來(lái) 越暖和11) Don't have the food.不要吃那種食物，它已經(jīng)變質(zhì)了。12) The fact.這個(gè)事實(shí)證明是正確的。根本句型三：S十V十0主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)這種句型中的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為與物動(dòng)詞或者可以后接賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。同時(shí)，句子中有時(shí)含有與賓語(yǔ) 有關(guān)的狀語(yǔ)。作賓語(yǔ)的成分常是：名詞、代詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句。如：13) 我昨天看了一部電影。 .14) I n ever said I would come back. 。15 They fin ally deci

30、ded to get along with us.。16They haveof the children.這些孩子他們照看得很好。17I don ' t like watching too much TV. 。根本句型四：S十V十O1十O2主謂雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)，O1二間接賓語(yǔ)；O前直接賓語(yǔ)這種句型中作間接賓語(yǔ)的常常指“人，直接賓語(yǔ)常常指“物。如：18 Yesterday her fatheras a birthday prese nt.昨天她父親給她買了一輛自行車作為生日禮物。19) The old man is telling the children stories in the Long

31、 March.這種句型還可轉(zhuǎn)換為其他兩種句型：A. 動(dòng)詞 + 直接賓語(yǔ) + for sb.;B. 動(dòng)詞 + 直接賓語(yǔ) + to sb.。20) Please show me your picture.=Please.請(qǐng)把你的畫(huà)給我看一下。21) ril offer you a good cha nee as long as you don t lose heart.=I'll offeras long as you don't lose heart.只要你不失去信心，我會(huì)給你提供時(shí)機(jī)的。 根本句型五：S十V十O十C主謂賓賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu) 這種句型中的賓語(yǔ)+補(bǔ)語(yǔ)可統(tǒng)稱為“復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)，作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)

32、的常常是名詞、形容詞、副詞、 介詞短語(yǔ)、分詞、動(dòng)詞不定式等。如：22) Keep, please. 請(qǐng)讓孩子們安靜下來(lái)。23他要我學(xué)好英語(yǔ)。.24他把書(shū)放在書(shū)架上。.25) 他把墻漆成白色。.26) 我發(fā)現(xiàn)我的錢包被偷了。 .27) 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他是一個(gè)老實(shí)的人。.注意：動(dòng)詞have, make, let,后面所接的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，不帶to ；動(dòng)詞see, hear, notice, observe, watch等后可以加不帶to的不定式或動(dòng)名詞做賓補(bǔ)，如：28) The boss made him do the work all day. 。29我聽(tīng)見(jiàn)有個(gè)女孩正在隔壁房間唱歌。 .第2/4頁(yè)

33、根本句型翻譯練習(xí)根本句型一：主+系+表1. 當(dāng)時(shí)他看起來(lái)不快樂(lè)。2. 我最喜歡的運(yùn)動(dòng)是游泳和滑冰。 3. 我擅長(zhǎng)英語(yǔ)。4. 這食物吃起來(lái)挺可口的。 5. 這故事聽(tīng)起來(lái)很有趣。6. 收到你的來(lái)信我很快樂(lè)。根本句型二：主+謂不與物動(dòng)詞1.2021年至2021年我在廣益中學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)。 2. 今天上午，我們?cè)谛ｉT口會(huì)面然后一起去了那里。3. 這幾年我們家鄉(xiāng)發(fā)生了巨大的變化4. 小車沒(méi)有停而是快速的開(kāi)走了。根本句型三：主+謂與物+賓1. 去年在學(xué)校電腦競(jìng)賽中我獲得了一等獎(jiǎng)。 2. 在業(yè)余時(shí)間我喜歡聽(tīng)流行音樂(lè)和收集郵票。 3. 幾天前我和我兄弟騎自行車去看電影。 4. 我們也在校園和周圍種上了許多樹(shù)。5. 晚

34、上時(shí)，我可以看電視新聞或看報(bào)紙。 根本句型四：主+謂與物+雙賓間賓+直賓1. 去年王教師教我們英語(yǔ)。2. 在我14歲生日時(shí)，爸爸給我買了一輛新自行車。3. 昨晚我花了兩小時(shí)才完成作業(yè)。 4. 對(duì)不起，能問(wèn)你一個(gè)問(wèn)題嗎？ 根本句型五：主+謂與物+復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)賓+賓補(bǔ)1. 那時(shí)我正看到那些孩子在河邊玩。2. 我們正在使我們的國(guó)家變得越來(lái)越美麗。 3. 當(dāng)我到達(dá)教室時(shí)，我發(fā)現(xiàn)里邊沒(méi)有人。4. 我注意到凱特整個(gè)早上都在圖書(shū)館里看書(shū)。5. 父親叫我給他帶些報(bào)紙來(lái)。 根本句型翻譯綜合練習(xí)：1. 那噪音太大，我無(wú)法繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)。 2. 得知你9月份要來(lái)我很快樂(lè)。3. 是一個(gè)品嘗新食物的好地方。 4. 當(dāng)那個(gè)人在過(guò)馬

35、路時(shí)，小車撞了他。 5. 我已決定明天下午 3： 30到機(jī)場(chǎng)接他。6. 所有父母都希望看到他們孩子們的成功。 7. 志愿者常給貧窮的孩子們提供很多學(xué)習(xí)用品。 第3/4頁(yè)1. He looked un happy at that time.2. My favourite sports are swim ming and skati ng.3. I am very good at En glish.4. The food tastes delicious.5. I was so pleased to hear from you.6. The story sounds very in teresti ng.1.1 studied in Guangyi Middle School from 2021 to 2021.2. This morning we met at the school gate and went there together.3. Great cha nges have take n place in our hometow n these years.4. The car did n't stop but drove off at great speed/rapidly/quickly.1. Last year I won first pri