淺談中醫(yī)藥膳學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)體會(huì)

1、淺談中醫(yī)藥膳學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)體會(huì)姓名：許明賀學(xué)號(hào):20110132030班級(jí):11中西醫(yī)結(jié)合B班隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展，人們的健康理念也隨之發(fā)生了一定的變化由病后求治轉(zhuǎn)向未病先防，這種理念深刻地影響著人們的思想觀(guān)念和相關(guān)行為，尤其反應(yīng)在飲食文化上。這所謂“藥補(bǔ)不如食補(bǔ)”，雖頗有偏激但亦說(shuō)明一定的問(wèn)題。王永炎教授曾經(jīng)說(shuō)過(guò)，21世紀(jì)的醫(yī)學(xué)不應(yīng)該是繼續(xù)以疾病為主要的研究領(lǐng)域，應(yīng)當(dāng)以人類(lèi)和人群的健康作為主要的研究方向?！爸挝床　?、“民以食為天”中國(guó)五千年的文化歷史積淀有著深厚的飲食文化底蘊(yùn)，形成了獨(dú)具特色的中醫(yī)藥膳學(xué)。所謂中醫(yī)藥膳，即在中醫(yī)理論指導(dǎo)下，根據(jù)人體健康狀況和藥食同源的原理，將適當(dāng)?shù)挠兴幱霉πУ氖称泛瓦m當(dāng)

2、的中藥相配伍，運(yùn)用各種烹調(diào)技術(shù)制成的具有一定色、香、味、形和特定功效的食品。既有食品作用又有藥品作用的美味佳肴，它比普通食品更有營(yíng)養(yǎng)、保健、治療作用。據(jù)文獻(xiàn)記載,我國(guó)藥膳食療保健起源可以追溯到夏禹時(shí)代。相傳儀狄曾作酒獻(xiàn)給夏禹品嘗以健體。詩(shī)經(jīng)?風(fēng)?七月所謂“為此春酒,以介壽眉”,是說(shuō)酒有延緩衰老、益壽強(qiáng)身的作用。至商代,伊尹制湯液,著湯液經(jīng),以烹調(diào)之法療疾。呂氏春秋?本味篇載有:“陽(yáng)樸之姜,招搖.之桂”,姜和桂都是辛溫之品,有抵御風(fēng)寒的作用,又是烹調(diào)中常用的調(diào)味品。以此烹調(diào)成湯液,既是食品,又可是湯藥,說(shuō)明商代已有樸素的飲食療法,這已經(jīng)具有食療藥膳的雛型。周朝時(shí)周禮?天官所載的四種醫(yī)中,食醫(yī)居于

3、疾醫(yī)、瘡醫(yī)、獸醫(yī)之首。1973年湖南長(zhǎng)沙馬王堆三號(hào)漢墓出土的古醫(yī)學(xué)帛anti-Japanesepatriotism.Undertheinfluenceoftheparty,Zhu,Wang,actinginstrictdiscipline,political,militaryqualityandcombateffectivenesshasimproved.Aswellasyouthservicecorps,women'sserviceandyoungpioneers,countryside-Japaneseperformance,postinganti-Japaneseslogans,

4、operateprivateschools,literacyclasses,founderoftheiron,andthetongueandthesound,sparksandotheranti-Japanesemimeographedtabloid,activelypromoteanti-Japanese.Hanchangrecoveryaftertheparty,thatis,"Jiangnananti-Japaneseguerrillapeoplesave,"ShenYingjie,XuAzhentoparticipateindevelopmentoftheChine

5、seCommunistParty,inOctoberandsetupawaterpartygroupinHongKong,Hanchanglongpartygroup.Meanwhile,Xuoncleaningtwowannan,demandingnewarmydeployedcadres,andhavesentmanynewprogressiveyouthtoreceivetraining.OnNovember9,sheng,WuXing,Nanxun,jiaxing,Tongxiang,Zonta,Hangzhou,wukangstrongholdssuchasElves,nearlya

6、llmen,togetherwiththeaircraft,boats,ZhuXiLu,pouncingontrooplocations.10th,theenemieshaveinvadedyanTomb,XinCheng,Wuzhen.11th,ZhuXiarmypieratBellHousewassurroundedbytheenemy,break,casualtieswillbegreat,CPCpartymemberXu,XuQuansheng,reallysomagnificentandheadofthreeWangYulin,alsodiedinthebattle.ZhuXiwit

7、hdrewtheremnantsofmorethan400peoplebacktoXiaoFengintegration.JieXuwiththenewcadres,CommunistpartyMrCHOW(Zhoukangyu)camefromsouthernAnhui.ZhuXiWeiCHOYforstaffofficers.Theendofunifiedleadership書(shū),相傳是戰(zhàn)國(guó)前的醫(yī)學(xué)著作,書(shū)中談到了飲料保健的方法,特別強(qiáng)調(diào)了酒和韭的延年益壽和滋補(bǔ)強(qiáng)身的作用,其中云:“酒者,五谷之精氣也,其人中散流,其人理也,徹而周”,韭“春三月食之,病疾不昌”(十問(wèn))。黃帝內(nèi)經(jīng)是我國(guó)現(xiàn)存的第

8、一部中醫(yī)學(xué)典籍,書(shū)中提出了系統(tǒng)的食療學(xué)理論,對(duì)我國(guó)的食養(yǎng)、食療和藥膳的實(shí)踐產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)的影響。書(shū)中認(rèn)為,飲食的五味必須調(diào)和,不能偏勝,偏勝則會(huì)引起疾病。“味過(guò)于酸,肝氣以津,脾氣乃絕;味過(guò)于苦,脾氣不濡,胃氣乃厚;味過(guò)于辛,筋脈沮弛,精神乃殃”、“是故謹(jǐn)和五味,骨正筋柔,氣血以流,腆理以密,如實(shí)則筋骨以精。謹(jǐn)?shù)廊绶?長(zhǎng)有天命”。在該書(shū)中還強(qiáng)調(diào)藥治與食治相結(jié)合的重要,靈樞?營(yíng)衛(wèi)生會(huì)說(shuō):“人受氣于谷,谷人于胃,以傳于肺,五臟六腑皆以受氣,”素問(wèn)?臟氣法時(shí)論所說(shuō):“五谷為養(yǎng),五果為助,五畜為益,五菜為充,氣味合而服之,以補(bǔ)益精氣?！彼貑?wèn)?至真要大論說(shuō):“夫五味人胃,各歸所喜,故酸先人肝,苦先人心,甘先

9、人脾,辛先人肺,咸先人腎”等論述。神農(nóng)本草經(jīng)是我國(guó)最早的一部藥物學(xué)專(zhuān)著,共收載藥物365種,其中載藥用食物50種左右,如酸棗、橘袖、葡萄、大棗、海蛤、干姜、赤小豆、粟米、龍眼、蟹、杏仁、桃仁等,包括米谷、菜蔬、蟲(chóng)魚(yú)、禽、肉等“食藥物”，并記載了這些藥物有“輕身延年”的功效。說(shuō)明當(dāng)時(shí)對(duì)于一些食物的藥用價(jià)值已經(jīng)給予重視和肯定。東漢著名大醫(yī)學(xué)家張仲景傷寒雜病論中不乏有食療藥膳的有關(guān)內(nèi)容,金匾要略著有“食禁”專(zhuān)篇,列舉了治少陰咽痛的豬膚湯和治產(chǎn)后腹痛的當(dāng)歸生姜羊anti-Japanesepatriotism.Undertheinfluenceoftheparty,Zhu,Wang,actinginst

10、rictdiscipline,political,militaryqualityandcombateffectivenesshasimproved.Aswellasyouthservicecorps,women'sserviceandyoungpioneers,countryside-Japaneseperformance,postinganti-Japaneseslogans,operateprivateschools,literacyclasses,founderoftheiron,andthetongueandthesound,sparksandotheranti-Japanes

11、emimeographedtabloid,activelypromoteanti-Japanese.Hanchangrecoveryaftertheparty,thatis,"Jiangnananti-Japaneseguerrillapeoplesave,"ShenYingjie,XuAzhentoparticipateindevelopmentoftheChineseCommunistParty,inOctoberandsetupawaterpartygroupinHongKong,Hanchanglongpartygroup.Meanwhile,Xuoncleanin

12、gtwowannan,demandingnewarmydeployedcadres,andhavesentmanynewprogressiveyouthtoreceivetraining.OnNovember9,sheng,WuXing,Nanxun,jiaxing,Tongxiang,Zonta,Hangzhou,wukangstrongholdssuchasElves,nearlyallmen,togetherwiththeaircraft,boats,ZhuXiLu,pouncingontrooplocations.10th,theenemieshaveinvadedyanTomb,Xi

13、nCheng,Wuzhen.11th,ZhuXiarmypieratBellHousewassurroundedbytheenemy,break,casualtieswillbegreat,CPCpartymemberXu,XuQuansheng,reallysomagnificentandheadofthreeWangYulin,alsodiedinthebattle.ZhuXiwithdrewtheremnantsofmorethan400peoplebacktoXiaoFengintegration.JieXuwiththenewcadres,CommunistpartyMrCHOW(Z

14、houkangyu)camefromsouthernAnhui.ZhuXiWeiCHOYforstaffofficers.Theendofunifiedleadership肉湯,以及桂枝湯、百合雞子黃湯等,這些食療方至今還被臨床所常用。至于之后的發(fā)展與繁榮更是不計(jì)其數(shù)，總之中國(guó)古代對(duì)于藥膳的研究可謂百花爭(zhēng)鳴。建國(guó)以后,特別是改革開(kāi)放以來(lái),藥膳學(xué)也隨著中醫(yī)藥事業(yè)的不斷提高而進(jìn)人了全面發(fā)展的新時(shí)期。尤其是現(xiàn)在,隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的迅猛發(fā)展和生活水平的提高,人們的健康觀(guān)念在不斷轉(zhuǎn)變,老齡社會(huì)的到來(lái),使得傳統(tǒng)藥膳對(duì)疾病的輔助治療作用更加顯示出其特有的優(yōu)勢(shì)。運(yùn)用其防病治病的療效優(yōu)勢(shì),已廣泛被國(guó)內(nèi)外醫(yī)學(xué)界和家庭所重

15、視。說(shuō)到此，就應(yīng)該談?wù)勊幧诺膽?yīng)用以及原則了。首先我們要明了藥膳的養(yǎng)正御邪的目的。藥膳可養(yǎng)護(hù)正氣、抵御外邪、提高機(jī)體的抗病能力。合理安排藥膳、飲食可保證機(jī)體臟腑功能的旺盛，正如靈樞?五味所言:“天地之精氣，其大數(shù)常出三入一，故谷不入半日則氣衰，一日則氣少矣?！敝挥小罢龤獯鎯?nèi)”，才能“邪不可干”。而藥膳發(fā)揮了食物的特異性作用，可達(dá)到預(yù)防疾病的目的，如蔥白、生姜、芫荽可預(yù)防感冒，綠豆湯防暑，山楂降脂預(yù)防動(dòng)脈硬化，大蒜殺菌防治呼吸道和胃腸感染等。其次藥膳的治則為未病先防、既病防變、瘥后防復(fù)。針對(duì)食物的四氣五味等特性對(duì)臟腑、氣血、陰陽(yáng)的選擇作用來(lái)調(diào)整臟腑的偏盛偏衰、氣血失調(diào)及陰陽(yáng)失衡，使得未病臟腑機(jī)能提

16、高、抵御外邪的能力增強(qiáng)。如，枸杞豬肝湯預(yù)防夜盲癥，海帶鯽魚(yú)湯預(yù)防甲狀腺腫大，番薯玉米羹預(yù)防腳氣病。黃帝內(nèi)經(jīng)認(rèn)為，口渴時(shí)服蘭草湯，以阻截消渴病的發(fā)生。疾病的發(fā)展都有其規(guī)律可循，藥膳作為重要的輔助治療，根據(jù)其傳變規(guī)律，辨證施膳可防止其傳變。藥膳antiJapanesepatriotism.Undertheinfluenceoftheparty,Zhu,Wang,actinginstrictdiscipline,political,militaryqualityandcombateffectivenesshasimproved.Aswellasyouthservicecorps,women'

17、sserviceandyoungpioneers,countryside-Japaneseperformance,postinganti-Japaneseslogans,operateprivateschools,literacyclasses,founderoftheiron,andthetongueandthesound,sparksandotheranti-Japanesemimeographedtabloid,activelypromoteanti-Japanese.Hanchangrecoveryaftertheparty,thatis,"Jiangnananti-Japa

18、neseguerrillapeoplesave,"ShenYingjie,XuAzhentoparticipateindevelopmentoftheChineseCommunistParty,inOctoberandsetupawaterpartygroupinHongKong,Hanchanglongpartygroup.Meanwhile,Xuoncleaningtwowannan,demandingnewarmydeployedcadres,andhavesentmanynewprogressiveyouthtoreceivetraining.OnNovember9,shen

19、g,WuXing,Nanxun,jiaxing,Tongxiang,Zonta,Hangzhou,wukangstrongholdssuchasElves,nearlyallmen,togetherwiththeaircraft,boats,ZhuXiLu,pouncingontrooplocations.10th,theenemieshaveinvadedyanTomb,XinCheng,Wuzhen.11th,ZhuXiarmypieratBellHousewassurroundedbytheenemy,break,casualtieswillbegreat,CPCpartymemberX

20、u,XuQuansheng,reallysomagnificentandheadofthreeWangYulin,alsodiedinthebattle.ZhuXiwithdrewtheremnantsofmorethan400peoplebacktoXiaoFengintegration.JieXuwiththenewcadres,CommunistpartyMrCHOW(Zhoukangyu)camefromsouthernAnhui.ZhuXiWeiCHOYforstaffofficers.Theendofunifiedleadership食療可使已病臟腑機(jī)能增加，防止疾病的進(jìn)一步進(jìn)展。

21、患者在感受溫?zé)岵⌒皶r(shí)，服用養(yǎng)陰生津之品，防止進(jìn)一步耗傷陰液，發(fā)生肺腎陰虛或肝腎陰虛之變。近年來(lái)隨著疾病譜的改變，慢性病的比例不斷增加，復(fù)發(fā)率亦隨之增高。如瘥后再加以藥膳調(diào)養(yǎng)，對(duì)鞏固療效及防止復(fù)發(fā)有顯著療效。如丹參粥、首烏大棗湯、桑椹茶等可以防止諸如高血壓病、心絞痛、腦中風(fēng)的復(fù)發(fā)。當(dāng)歸生姜羊肉湯可防止產(chǎn)后惡露不凈、腹中絞痛等。再次，必須要強(qiáng)調(diào)三因治宜(即因地、因人、因時(shí))，科學(xué)健康膳食。我國(guó)地域廣闊，不同的氣候條件、生活習(xí)慣，使人的生理活動(dòng)和病理變化亦有不同，因此藥膳亦應(yīng)有差異。“南甜北咸，東辣西酸”就是不同地區(qū)的居民為了適應(yīng)自然環(huán)境的一種生存需求而形成的飲食習(xí)慣。南方濕多熱甚，宜食甘涼、甘寒、

22、辛涼等降火清化之品，忌辛辣、助陽(yáng)、助火食物;北方地高氣寒之地，飲食多熱而滋膩，宜辛溫、補(bǔ)陽(yáng)、助火食物。“主性命者在乎人”，“修短壽天，皆自人為”。人們可以根據(jù)不同的年齡、體質(zhì)選擇不同的藥膳，達(dá)到與自然界五運(yùn)六氣的協(xié)調(diào)而延年益壽。小兒臟腑嬌嫩，不宜大寒大熱;青年體壯，葷素搭配;壯年以后清淡為主，避免油膩、烈酒、辛辣，以免損傷脾胃;老人多肝腎不足，不宜溫燥，更不可過(guò)食肥甘咸味，宜溫、熟、軟的食物;孕婦恐動(dòng)胎氣，不宜活血滑利之品。:“春氣溫，宜食麥以涼之;夏氣熱，宜食菽以寒之;秋氣燥，宜食麻以潤(rùn)其燥;冬氣寒，宜食黍以熱性治其寒。”通過(guò)對(duì)中醫(yī)藥膳學(xué)的學(xué)習(xí)以及全面的了解，在老師的頻頻善誘下，我們學(xué)會(huì)了很

23、多東西，更增加了對(duì)藥膳的了解與認(rèn)知。學(xué)著烹飪，anti-Japanesepatriotism.Undertheinfluenceoftheparty,Zhu,Wang,actinginstrictdiscipline,political,militaryqualityandcombateffectivenesshasimproved.Aswellasyouthservicecorps,women'sserviceandyoungpioneers,countryside-Japaneseperformance,postinganti-Japaneseslogans,operatepriv

24、ateschools,literacyclasses,founderoftheiron,andthetongueandthesound,sparksandotheranti-Japanesemimeographedtabloid,activelypromoteanti-Japanese.Hanchangrecoveryaftertheparty,thatis,"Jiangnananti-Japaneseguerrillapeoplesave,"ShenYingjie,XuAzhentoparticipateindevelopmentoftheChineseCommunist

25、Party,inOctoberandsetupawaterpartygroupinHongKong,Hanchanglongpartygroup.Meanwhile,Xuoncleaningtwowannan,demandingnewarmydeployedcadres,andhavesentmanynewprogressiveyouthtoreceivetraining.OnNovember9,sheng,WuXing,Nanxun,jiaxing,Tongxiang,Zonta,Hangzhou,wukangstrongholdssuchasElves,nearlyallmen,toget

26、herwiththeaircraft,boats,ZhuXiLu,pouncingontrooplocations.10th,theenemieshaveinvadedyanTomb,XinCheng,Wuzhen.11th,ZhuXiarmypieratBellHousewassurroundedbytheenemy,break,casualtieswillbegreat,CPCpartymemberXu,XuQuansheng,reallysomagnificentandheadofthreeWangYulin,alsodiedinthebattle.ZhuXiwithdrewtherem

27、nantsofmorethan400peoplebacktoXiaoFengintegration.JieXuwiththenewcadres,CommunistpartyMrCHOW(Zhoukangyu)camefromsouthernAnhui.ZhuXiWeiCHOYforstaffofficers.Theendofunifiedleadership學(xué)著做菜、做飯，嘗試才能出真知，在中醫(yī)理論指導(dǎo)下，我們可以運(yùn)用自己的想象和合乎規(guī)范的材料做出屬于自己的藥膳。讓大家的生活更加幸福健康。anti-Japanesepatriotism.Undertheinfluenceoftheparty,Z

28、hu,Wang,actinginstrictdiscipline,political,militaryqualityandcombateffectivenesshasimproved.Aswellasyouthservicecorps,women'sserviceandyoungpioneers,countryside-Japaneseperformance,postinganti-Japaneseslogans,operateprivateschools,literacyclasses,founderoftheiron,andthetongueandthesound,sparksandotheranti-Japanesemimeographedtabloid,activelypromoteanti-Japan