Broca27s and Wernicke27s aphasia（課堂PPT）

1、12Brocas aphasiafe (布羅卡氏失語(yǔ)癥) Brocas aphasia, also konwn as cognitive neuropsychology（認(rèn)知神經(jīng)心理學(xué)） and expressive aphasia (non-fluent aphasia)（表達(dá)性失語(yǔ)癥）, is caused by damage to or developmental issues in anterior(位于前部的) regions of the brain, including the left posterior inferior frontal gyrus（回轉(zhuǎn)）（ known as

2、 Brocas area）.Expressive aphasia is one subset of a larger family of disorders known collectively as aphasia. It is characterized by the loss of the ability to produce language (spoken or written).3Causes of Brocas aphasiaTwo reasons of Brocas aphasia 1. The most common cause of expressive aphasia i

3、s stroke（中風(fēng) ） . A s t r o k e i s c a u s e d b y hypoperfusion (lack of oxygen) to an area of the brain, which is commonly caused by thrombosis(血栓）or embolism（栓塞）. 45Causes of Brocas aphasia2. Expressive aphasia can also be caused by trauma(損傷) to the brain, tumor（腫瘤）, cerebral hemorrhage（腦出血）, by

4、extradural hematoma（腦膜外血腫）.6Presentation of Brocas aphasia 1. Sufferers of this form of aphasia exhibit the common problem of agrammatism（語(yǔ)法缺失）. For them, speech is difficult to initiate, non-fluent, and halting. Writing is difficult, as well. Intonation and stress patterns are deficient. Language i

5、s reduced to disjointed words, and sentence construction is poor, omitting function words and inflections.7Presentation of Brocas aphasia For example, in the following passage, a Brocas aphasic patient is trying to explain how he came to the hospital for dental surgery: “Yes. ah. Monday. er. Dad and

6、 Peter H. (his own name), and Dad. er. hospital. and ah. Wednesday. Wednesday, nine oclock. and oh. Thursday. ten oclock, ah doctors. two. an doctors. and er. teeth. Yah”8Presentation of Brocas aphasia 2. While word comprehension is generally preserved, meaning interpretation dependent on syntax and

7、 phrase structure is substantially impaired. This can be demonstrated by using phrases with unusual structures. A typical Brocas aphasic patient will misinterpret the dog is bitten by the man by switching the subject and object. Patients who recover go on to say that they knew what they wanted to sa

8、y but could not express themselves. Residual deficits will often be seen.9Wernickes aphasia(韋尼克氏失語(yǔ)) Wernickes aphasia, also known as receptive aphasia(感覺(jué)性失語(yǔ)癥）, fluent aphasia, is a type of aphasia traditionally associated with neurological damage to Wernickes area in the brain. However, the key defi

9、cits of receptive aphasia do not come from damage to Wernickes area; instead, most of the core difficulties are proposed to come from damage to the medial temporal lobe（內(nèi)側(cè)顳葉）and underlying white matter（白質(zhì)）. 1011Wernickes aphasia Damage in this area not only destroys local language regions but also c

10、uts off most of the occipital（枕骨的）, temporal, and parietal（頂骨的） regions from the core language region. People with receptive aphasia can speak with normal grammar, syntax, rate, intonation, and stress, but they are unable to understand language in its written or spoken form.12Representation of Werni

11、ckes aphasia A person with this aphasia speaks normally but uses random or invented words; leaves out key words; substitutes words or verb tenses, pronouns, or prepositions; and utters sentences that do not make sense. They can also have a tendency to talk excessively.13Representation of Wernickes a

12、phasia A person with this aphasia cannot understand the spoken words of others or read written words. Speech is preserved, but language content is incorrect. Substitutions of one word for another (paraphasias, e.g. “telephone” for “ t e l e v i s i o n ” ) a r e c o m m o n . Comprehension and repetition are poor14Representation of Wernickes aphasia The symptoms of Wernickes Aphasia reveal how important language is because people with t