非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞講解(超全)

1、 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞復(fù)習(xí)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞: a.動(dòng)詞不定式 to do b.現(xiàn)在分詞/ 動(dòng)名詞doing c.過(guò)去分詞done概述：1.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：在句子中擔(dān)任謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞2. 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：是動(dòng)詞的特殊形式，在句中可以作除謂語(yǔ)外的所有成分 (有一個(gè)特殊情況：過(guò)去分詞不具備名詞性，所以補(bǔ)充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。）非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用條件：一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句中有且只有一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一個(gè)句子當(dāng)中，已經(jīng)存在一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞, 又沒(méi)有連詞的情況下, 應(yīng)使用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat.She got off the bus, but left her handb

2、ag on her seat.所有的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的否定都是在其前面加 NOT動(dòng)詞不定式一動(dòng)詞不定式的變體動(dòng)詞不定式是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一種，由不定式符號(hào)(to)加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。不定式的形式有五種： 主動(dòng)被動(dòng)一般式完成式進(jìn)行式例如：I like to read English.例如：He seemed to be reading something at that time.例如：He seemed to have cleaned the room.例如：The work is to be done soon.例如：The boy is said to have been sent to hospita

3、l yesterday.二. 動(dòng)詞不定式的用法I.作主語(yǔ) To see is to believe Not to get there in time is your fault.注：常用it做形式主語(yǔ)，將to do放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。It is a great enjoyment to spend our holiday in the mountains.句型3： It is + adj + for sb to do sth（是形容事物的性質(zhì)的 ） It is + adj + of sb to do sth（是形容人的品質(zhì)的 ）It is easy for me to finish

4、this work before ten. It's impolite of you to speak to the teacher like that.II.作賓語(yǔ) 接不定式做賓語(yǔ)I want to know this matter.(1)常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞有：like, demand, expect, promise, begin, determine, refuse, offer, fail, manage, learn, seem, intend, forget, want, prepare, pretend, refuse, plan, afford, wish等(2)it作形式賓語(yǔ)I

5、 find/feel to work with him interesting I find/feel it interesting to work with him3. I feel it my duty to change all that. 2.We think it important to obey the law.下列詞接動(dòng)名詞和不定式均可，但意義不同的動(dòng)詞：stop to do 停下來(lái)去做 stop doing 停止做forget to do 忘記要做 forget doing 忘記做過(guò)re

6、member to do 記得要做 remember doing 記得做過(guò)regret to do 遺憾要做 regret doing 后悔做過(guò)try to do 企圖做，盡力做 try doing 試著做go on to do 繼續(xù)做（另一件事） go on doing 繼續(xù)做（同一件事）mean to do 打算做 mean doing 意味做In some parts of London, missing a bus means _ for another hour.A waiting B to waiting C wait D to be waitingBoys, don't

7、forget _ the windows before you leave the classroom.A. closingB. closedC. to closingD. to closeShe reached the top of the hill and stopped _ on a big rock.A. to have restedB. restingC. to restD. restRemember _ the lights when you leave the office.A. to turn offB. turning offC. turn offD. to turning

8、off(4)一般說(shuō)來(lái)，介詞后接動(dòng)詞通常應(yīng)是動(dòng)名詞。但是介詞but(except也一樣)卻比較特殊，其后接動(dòng)詞時(shí)，可以接不定式，并且這個(gè)不定式可以帶to也可以不帶to，“前有do,后無(wú)to”I have no choice but to wait.：1. 當(dāng)其前的謂語(yǔ)含有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do(可以是各種形式)時(shí)，其后的不定式通常不帶to：She will do anything but play chess. 她除了下棋外什么都愿干。He did nothing all day except watch TV. 他一整天除了看電視什么也沒(méi)做。2. 當(dāng)其前的謂語(yǔ)沒(méi)有某種形式的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do時(shí)，其后的不定式通

9、常要帶to：They had no choice but to obey. 他們別無(wú)選擇只有服從。He wanted nothing but to stay here. 他除了想呆在這里外，其他什么也不想。3. 當(dāng)其前含有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do但不是用作謂語(yǔ)時(shí)，其后的不定式帶不帶to均可，但以不帶to為多：Theres nothing to do but (to) leave. 只好離開(kāi)。There was nothing to do but (to) wait. 除了等沒(méi)有其他的辦法。4. 在cannot but, cannot choose/help but 之后接不帶to的不定式I cant do

10、 anything but go out with her.III.作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)1. Ill get someone to repair the recorder for you. 2. What caused him to change his mind? advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, expect, encourage, force, get, hate, invite , order, wish , want, warn, r

11、emind, promise, permit, persuade, request+sb. to do注意：（1）在動(dòng)詞feel （一感），hear, listen to（二聽(tīng)），have, let, make（三讓?zhuān)琻otice, see, watch, observe, look at（五看）(即：吾看三室兩廳一感覺(jué))等后面的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)中，不定式不帶to，但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后，必須帶to。如：They saw the boy fall off the tree. The boy was seen to fall off the tree.(2)help后面作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的不定式可以帶to,也可以不

12、帶to. I often help him （to）clean the room. I helped him (to) find his things. He is often heard to sing the song. Though he often made his deskmate cry, today he was made to cry by his deskmate.3) IV作定語(yǔ) 不定式所修飾的詞前面有序數(shù)詞，形容詞最高級(jí)或only修飾 She is always the last to leave the room. 不定式為不及物動(dòng)詞且和所修飾的名詞是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，須加介

13、詞 .I have something important to say. Please find a piece of paper to write on .Excuse me，could I use your pen for a moment？I have no pen to write with 不定式主表被問(wèn)題 I have a lot of homework to do.V.作狀語(yǔ) 不定式作狀語(yǔ)可以表示目的、結(jié)果、原因。I came here to see youHe hurried to the school to find nobody there. (出乎意料的結(jié)果）We we

14、re very excited to hear the news（常見(jiàn)形容詞后常用不定式）對(duì)比To learn English well, he needs a good dictionary.不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義I have something important to do. In the accident, the driver was to blame.This question is difficult to answer. The box is not easy to carry. 動(dòng)名詞一. 動(dòng)名詞/現(xiàn)在分詞的基本構(gòu)成 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般式完成式No one

15、likes being laughed at.I dont remember having ever been given a chance to do it.二.doing的功用 Smoking does great harm to peoples health.（作主語(yǔ)）It is no use crying. It is no good objecting My job is looking after children.（作表語(yǔ)） I have finished reading the novel.（作賓語(yǔ)） We have got a swimming pool in our sch

16、ool.（做定語(yǔ)）常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞有：admit, advise, suggest, avoid, consider, delay, deny, excuse, finish, imagine, include, keep(on), mind, , practice, miss, resist.短語(yǔ): be/get used to ,be accustomed to,cant help/stop, cant stand , give up,feel like, look forward to, get down to, have difficulty/trouble (in),be busy (in

17、),put offe.g.She sat there without speaking. doing主動(dòng)表被動(dòng): The room wants cleaning. The method needs improving. This pair of shoes require mending. The question is well worth _discussing_ (discuss)d）動(dòng)詞 “l(fā)ike, love, hate, prefer”后接動(dòng)名詞表示“習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作”，后接不定式表示“心理或一次具體動(dòng)作”。例如：I like swimming, but I dont like to s

18、wim this afternoon. doing的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)名詞前可以加一個(gè) 物主代詞或 名詞所有格來(lái)表示 這個(gè)動(dòng)名詞邏輯上的主語(yǔ) ，構(gòu)成動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)或動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)a.動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)一般用名詞所有格或形容詞性的物主代詞。例如： Nixons visiting China marked a new year between U.S. and China diplomatic relations.尼克松訪問(wèn)中國(guó)標(biāo)志著中美外交關(guān)系進(jìn)入一個(gè)新的時(shí)代Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.b. 在口語(yǔ)和非正式語(yǔ)體中，只要不是作

19、主語(yǔ)，動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中的邏輯主語(yǔ)常采用名詞通格或人稱(chēng)代詞賓格。例如： The doctor does not mind me /my eating a little meat occasionally.分詞（一）分詞的作用 現(xiàn)在分詞表示：主動(dòng)，動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。過(guò)去分詞表示：被動(dòng)，動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成。1作定語(yǔ)Do you know the boy standing at the gate?Have you read the book written by Lu Xun？2作表語(yǔ)We are excited at the news.The news he told us is exciting.3作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)

20、足語(yǔ)I heard him singing a song in the classroom.We found the ground covered with snow.4作狀語(yǔ)While lying in bed, he listened to some music.Seen from the hill, the village looks move beautiful.分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，它的邏輯主語(yǔ)就是句子的主語(yǔ)，否則分詞前面必須有自己的主語(yǔ)?，F(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞在作狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別:現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)進(jìn)行，過(guò)去分詞表被動(dòng)完成1. (Seeing/seen) from the top of the towe

21、r, we can see a beautiful factory. (Seeing/seen) from the top of the tower, the factory looks beautiful.2. (Hearing/heard) the bad news, they couldnt help crying.(When they heard the bad news)3. (Giving/Given) more time, we could do it better. (If they had been given more attention)4. I stood by the

22、 door, not daring to say a word. Being so angry, he couldnt go to sleep. (Because he was so angry)They came into the classroom, singing and laughing. (and they were singing laughing)To serve the people well, I study hard. (In order to serve the people well) 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu) 當(dāng)分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)不同時(shí)，帶邏輯主語(yǔ)的分詞短語(yǔ)成為

23、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，在句法功能上起狀語(yǔ)作用。例如：Weather permitting, they will go and visit the science museum.The meeting being over, they all left the room.Given more time, we could do it better.The moon appearing, they decided to go on with their journey.由There being +主語(yǔ) 這種結(jié)構(gòu)多表示原因。例如：There being a lot of books to read, he

24、often studied till midnight. with + 復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)（1）with + 名詞 / 代詞 + 形容詞 Dont speak with your mouth full.（2）with + 名詞 / 代詞 + 副詞 The square looks more beautiful than ever with the lights on.（3）with + 名詞 / 代詞 + 介詞短語(yǔ) He was asleep with his head on his arms.（4）with + 名詞 / 代詞 + -ing分詞She felt very nervous with

25、so many people looking at her.With the old man leading, the two started toward the mountains.（5）with + 名詞 / 代詞 + 不定式 With five minutes to go before the last train left, we arrived here.（6）with + 名詞 / 代詞 + -en分詞 With his matter settled, we left the room.【2012全國(guó)卷II】 Tony lent me the money, _ that Id d

26、o as much for him.A. hopingB. to hopeC. hopedD. having hoped【2012全國(guó)卷II】 The old man sat in front of the television every evening, happy_ anything that happened to be on.A. to watchB. watchingC. watchedD. to have watched【2012安徽】24. I remembered the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn of

27、f the lights. A. locking B. to lock C. having locked D. to have locked 【2012安徽】30. When for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding. A. asking B. asked C. having asked D. to be asked【2012重慶】23. _to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film

28、. A. Having been asked B. To ask C. Having asked D. To be asked【2012重慶】28. Were having a meeting in half an hour. The decision _at the meeting will influence the future of our company.A. to be made B. being madeC. made D. having been made【2012全國(guó)】28. The party will be held in the garden, weather .A.

29、permitting B. to permit C. permitted D. permit【2012全國(guó)】32. Film has a much shorter history, especially when_ such art forms as music and painting.A. having compared to B. comparing toC. compare to D. compared to【2012北京】23. One learns a language by making mistakes and _ them.A. corrects B. correct C.

30、to correct D. correcting【2012北京】27. _ with care, one tin will last for six weeks.A. Use B. Using C. Used D. To use【2012北京】31. _ at the door before you enter my room, please.A. Knock B. Knocking C. Knocked D. To knock【2012福建】28. China recently tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island to

31、 prevent Chinese fishing boats from _ in the South China Sea. A. attacking B. having attacking C. being attacked D. having been attacked【2012福建】34. Pressed from his parents, and _ that he has wasted too much time, the boy is determined to stop playing video games.A. realizing B. realized C. to reali

32、ze D. being realized【2012陜西】15. _ in a long queue, we waited for the store to open to buy a New iPad.A. Standing B. To stand C. Stood D. Stand【2012陜西】22. If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but _ an even greater challenge.A. meets B. meeting C. meet D. to meet【2012山東】26. George returned

33、 after the war, only _ that his wife had left him.A. to be told B. telling C. being told D. told 【2012山東】35. After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelope _.A. providing B. provided C. having provided D. provide 【2012湖南】21. Weve had a good start, but next, more work n

34、eeds _ to achieve the final success.A. being done B. do C. to be done D. to do 【2012湖南】23. Time, _ correctly, is money in the bank.A. to use B. used C. using D. use【2012湖南】31. The lecture, _ at 7:00 pm last night, was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes.A. starting B. being starti

35、ng C. to start D. to be started【2012天津】11. He got up late and hurried to his office, _ the breakfast untouched.A. left B. to leave C. leaving D. having left【2012江西】33. Having finished her project, she was invited by the school _ to the new students.A. speaking B. having spoken C. to speak D. to have spoken【2012江西】35. John has really got the job because he showed me the official letter _ him it.A. offered B. offering C. to offer D. to be offered【2012遼寧】25. The old couple often take a walk after