英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法填空技巧

1、語(yǔ)法填空技巧1.考查介詞，包括表時(shí)間、方位、方式的介詞on，in，at，with，by，through等。如2010年高考考查了with表伴隨的用法：The young man went home_35_a happy heart.；2009年考查了介詞on和at: Jane stopped where a small crowd of men had gathered. She found some good quality pipes 37 sale.，When Jane got home, with her small but well-chosen present in her bag

2、, her parents were already 39 table having supper.2.考查連詞，包括表轉(zhuǎn)折but，while、并列and，or、因果because，so等連詞。如2008年高考考查了連詞but：He was very tired after doing this for a whole day, 37 he felt very happy since the crop did “grow” higher.3.考查副詞，包括形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化成副詞時(shí)的一般情況及特殊情況，如warmwarmly，truetruly；“l(fā)e”結(jié)尾e改y如：possiblepossibly，

3、probableprobably等。2010年考查了副詞warmly，如題：His teacher took a deep drink, smiled 34 (warm), and thanked his student very much for the sweet water.；另外，2007年高考考查了副詞merrily，如題：We drank together and talked 38 (merry) till far into the night.4.考查形容詞，一般?？疾楸容^級(jí)或最高級(jí)形式，如2010、2008年高考均考查了形容詞的比較級(jí)sweeter和higher，如題：The

4、 teacher replied, “You tasted the water. I tasted the gift. The water was simply the container for an act of kindness and love. Nothing could be _39_ (sweet).”（2010年高考）；He was very tired after doing this for a whole day, but he felt very happy since the crop did “grow” 38 (high).（2008年高考）。另外考生需注意詞性轉(zhuǎn)

5、化，像過(guò)去分詞用作為形容詞，如experienced editors中的experienced（有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的）；或是由名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞，如名詞detail轉(zhuǎn)化成形容詞detailed（詳細(xì)的）等。5.考查代詞，代詞的種類繁多，包括人稱代詞、物主代詞、疑問(wèn)代詞、反身代詞和指示代詞等，其中近年來(lái)對(duì)指示代詞it在句中指代事物、不定式或從句的用法較常見，如2010和2008年高考題就考查了it代事物的用法，如題：He asked his teacher,” Sir, the water was awful. Why did you pretend to like 38 ?”（2010高考）， It is

6、said that a short tempered man in Song Dynasty was very anxious to help his rice crop grow up quickly. He was thinking about 34 day and night.（2008高考）還有09高考考查了it指代不定式的用法：She remembered how difficult 31 was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father.6.考查冠詞，考生應(yīng)非常明確冠詞a，an，the的功用。對(duì)冠詞的考查方面，201

7、0年高考考查了定冠詞the的特指用法：A young man, while traveling through a desert, came across a spring of clear water._31_water was sweet.另外，近年來(lái)高考對(duì)冠詞a基本用法的考查非常頻繁。如2009年高考第33空：Besides, shopping at this time of the year was not 33 pleasant experience : people stepped on your feet or 34 （push）you with their elbows（肘部）

8、，hurrying ahead to get to a bargain.；再如2007年高考第35空：, the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to 35 small town some 20 kilometres away 36 there was a garage. 7.考查謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，包括考查謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)及語(yǔ)態(tài)方面。教學(xué)大綱要求學(xué)生掌握的常考時(shí)態(tài)有數(shù)十種。在語(yǔ)法填空題中，對(duì)一般過(guò)式時(shí)的考查是近幾年高考的重點(diǎn)考查對(duì)象，如2007年高考：The sun was setting when my c

9、ar 31 (break) down near a remote village.考查了謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞break的過(guò)去式broke；2009年高考：, people stepped your feet or 34 (push) you with their elbows(肘部), hurrying ahead to get to a bargain.考查了push的過(guò)去式；Her mother was excited. “Your father has at last decided to stop smoking,” Jane 4 0 (inform).考查了inform的一般過(guò)去被動(dòng)式；再如20

10、10高考：After a four-day journey, the young man 33 (present) the water to the old man.考查了present的一般過(guò)去式。8.考查關(guān)系代詞及關(guān)系副詞，這主要是考查學(xué)生對(duì)于關(guān)聯(lián)詞在從句中的應(yīng)用的能力，其?？荚~為that，who，which，what等，另外，學(xué)生對(duì)于that在定語(yǔ)從句可作主、賓、表語(yǔ)，但在名詞性從句是不作成分并沒(méi)有詞義的不同功用一定要區(qū)別開來(lái)，否則很容易造成失分。如2010年高考考查了關(guān)系代詞that的特殊用法：We understand this lesson best _40_ we receive

11、 gifts of love from children.；再如2008年高考考查了that引導(dǎo)同位從句的用法：One day, he came up with an idea 35 he would pluck (拔) up all of his crop a few inches.；還有在2010、2007兩年高考均考查了關(guān)系代詞who：He filled his leather container so that he could bring some back to an elder 32 had been his teacher.(2010年高考)；I realized that t

12、he villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to 32 should have the honour of receiving me as a guest in their house. (2007年高考)。9.考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，包括不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞及動(dòng)名詞?？忌私馑鼈?cè)诰渲械墓τ?、區(qū)別及?？键c(diǎn)是非常必要的?，F(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)且表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，如2010年高考：He spit it out, _ 37_(say) it was awful.考查的就是現(xiàn)在分詞saying。過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)且表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生或用來(lái)描述事

13、物的狀態(tài)，如2007年高考：While she was getting me 34 (settle) into a tiny but clean room, the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to.，考查了過(guò)去分詞settled。另外，不定式擔(dān)當(dāng)句子狀語(yǔ)是高考?？嫉囊粋€(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)，如2008年高考：For example, the proverb, “plucking up a crop 32 (help).考查了不定式to help作目的狀語(yǔ)；2009高考：She wished that he was as easy

14、 3 2 (please) as her mother.考查了不定式to please用于形容詞后擔(dān)當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)。學(xué)生只有掌握了它們?cè)诰渲械墓τ?，才能在寫出正確的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式。除此以外，還有對(duì)名詞、倒裝句及強(qiáng)調(diào)句等的考查。以上這些考點(diǎn)也都是平時(shí)測(cè)試題及高考的命題方向和考查內(nèi)容。在教學(xué)中，教師一定要讓向?qū)W生明確這些必考點(diǎn)，學(xué)生在解題過(guò)程中才能快速地找到最佳答案，也才能夠提高解題能力。高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法填空十三招高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法填空十三招：語(yǔ)法填空是近年來(lái)高考英語(yǔ)科新推出的一種題型這種題型能全面檢測(cè)學(xué)生在英語(yǔ)詞匯、語(yǔ)法，甚至是句法上的運(yùn)用能力，能更科學(xué)地反映學(xué)生的英語(yǔ)綜合水平。本題型分兩種情況：一種為已給單詞提

15、示，一種為不給單詞提示一、已給單詞提示題型的技巧此類題可以考查學(xué)生對(duì)單詞形式變化的掌握程度。單詞形式變化主要有兩種，一是詞的形、數(shù)、式的變化，一是詞的派生變化。在判斷出詞的變化之后還應(yīng)該進(jìn)一步審題，看是否需要使用復(fù)合的變化形式，這一點(diǎn)是很重要的。技巧一：名詞形式變化。名詞的形式變化主要有單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)、所有格的變化。例1：There are many students living at school，the_ (child)houses are all far from schoo1由students-詞可以判斷出橫線處應(yīng)填復(fù)數(shù)，且作為houses的定語(yǔ)，所以應(yīng)用其所有格形式，故答案為child

16、的復(fù)合變化形式 復(fù)數(shù)的所有格childrens。技巧二：動(dòng)詞形式變化。動(dòng)詞的形式變化比較多，有謂語(yǔ)的變化(時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣)，有非謂語(yǔ)的變化(不定式、動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞)。例2：A talk_(give)tomorrow is written by Professor Zhang句中的is是整句的謂語(yǔ)，所以橫線所在的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)當(dāng)用作非謂語(yǔ)。從tomorrow可以看出，報(bào)告是“將來(lái)”作的，故用不定式；且報(bào)告是give動(dòng)作的承受者，故可以判斷出橫線所在處用give的不定式被動(dòng)式to be given。技巧三：代詞形式變化。代詞形式變化通常是與人稱變化有關(guān)的三大類五小類，即人稱代詞(主格和賓格)

17、、物主代詞(形容詞性和名詞性)、反身代詞。另外還有幾個(gè)不定代詞的形式變化，如no onenone、otheranother等。例3：The king decided to see the painter by_(he)由介詞bv可以看出，橫線處應(yīng)填反身代詞himself。技巧四：形容詞、副詞比較級(jí)變化。英語(yǔ)中大部分形容詞和表方式的副詞都有原級(jí)、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的變化。構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的方式，或通過(guò)加后綴一er和est，或在詞前moreless和mostleast，且形容詞的絕對(duì)最高級(jí)還要冠以the。例4：I am _ (tall)than Liu WenHe is the tallest st

18、udents in my class此題后句交代了LiuWen是班上最高的學(xué)生，那“我”肯定比他矮，所以不能用taller，只能用表示程度不如的“l(fā)ess tall”。技巧五：數(shù)詞形式變化。數(shù)詞的形式變化包括基數(shù)詞、序數(shù)詞，或加后綴一teen、ty的變化，甚至還有作分母用的序數(shù)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式，以及onetwo的特殊變化形式oncetwice例5：To my three sons I leave my seventeen horsesMy eldest son shall take a half, my second son shall take a_ (three)從上下文連續(xù)起來(lái)理解，這是一

19、個(gè)分馬的計(jì)劃，大兒子分得a half，也就是“一半”或“二分之一”，那么二兒子應(yīng)該得“三分之一”，所以要填入作分母的序數(shù)詞“third”才能命中目標(biāo)。技巧六：詞的派生。詞的派生現(xiàn)象在英語(yǔ)單詞中是很常見的，派生現(xiàn)象主要發(fā)生在名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞四種詞中。這種題型還有可能檢測(cè)學(xué)生對(duì)詞根、前后綴、派生詞的掌握。例6：Lious lost his wallet yesterday，SO he was very_(happiness)在這道題中，學(xué)生很容易判斷出該用形容詞,把happiness變成happy；錢包丟了，人應(yīng)該是不開心的，所以要再加個(gè)前綴un-，就成了unhappy。二、未給單詞提示題

20、型的技巧此類題難度較大，但也是有方法對(duì)付的。技巧七：固定短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)句中橫線前后及整句來(lái)判斷橫線前后是否構(gòu)成一個(gè)固定短語(yǔ)，但有時(shí)要對(duì)橫線前或后的幾個(gè)單詞“視而不見”才能命中答案。例7：The children were playing on the ground，enjoying_，dirty but happy從句中的happy可以 猜出孩子們是開心的，所以應(yīng)用enjoy oneself短語(yǔ)，故其答案為themselves。例8：His boss was_ angry as to fire him如果“跳過(guò)”橫線后面的angry，就可以發(fā)現(xiàn)這里用到一個(gè)關(guān)聯(lián)短語(yǔ)soas to，所以，so是正

21、解。技巧八：從句引導(dǎo)詞。從句是此題型最為常見的一個(gè)方向，主要檢測(cè)學(xué)生對(duì)引導(dǎo)詞的掌握程度。例9：He did not do _ his father had asked him to do審題可知，橫線所在為賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞，此引導(dǎo)詞在從旬中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)，且指物，所以是what。例10：Those _ want to go to the village must sign here經(jīng)過(guò)觀察可以判斷橫線所在為定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞，進(jìn)一步觀察可知先行詞為those，且指人，所以只能填入who。技巧九：短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)。短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是以動(dòng)詞為中心的兩個(gè)或多個(gè)詞構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)，此類短語(yǔ)中往往是動(dòng)詞與介詞或副詞連用的多些。例

22、11：The U.S. consists _ fifty states根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，美國(guó)由50個(gè)州組成，故橫線處與前一詞組合，表示“由組成”，所以答案是of。例12：Mrs. Baker was ill，so her daughter had to ask for leave to take _ of her生病需要人照顧，所以答案是care，與前后詞構(gòu)成take care of。技巧十：短語(yǔ)介詞結(jié)構(gòu)。短語(yǔ)介詞即多個(gè)詞的組合, 起介詞作用的短語(yǔ)，如：except for，due to等。例13：Mr. Smith took a plane to London _ of taking a tra

23、in此題中說(shuō)到兩種交通工具，所以可以理解此句有“坐而不是坐”的意思，故答案為instead，以構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)instead of。例14：Just then，he saw a blackboard in _ of him細(xì)心觀察，可以看出填人front即可構(gòu)成in front of，此題得解。技巧十一：連詞、關(guān)聯(lián)短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)。常用的連詞有and，or，but，so，for，while等，常用的關(guān)聯(lián)短語(yǔ)有bothand，eitheror，neithernor，not onlybut also等。例15：Little Wang Jun could not go to school，_his family

24、 was too poor此處表示原因，引導(dǎo)的分句其實(shí)是一種解釋說(shuō)明，不是必然的因果關(guān)系，且前面有逗號(hào)隔開，所以填for。例16：_Marrie and Jannie like going to the theatre橫線處的詞與后面可以構(gòu)成bothand，故答案為Both。技巧十二：冠詞、介詞和常用的副詞。冠詞只能是在a，an，the之間判斷；常用的介詞有in，at，on，before，during等，通?？疾楣潭ù钆洌桓痹~的量還是比較多，如：however，never，yet，much等，但一般不會(huì)考查1y形式的方式副詞(見技巧六形容詞派生副詞的情況)。例17：Jackie likes t

25、o drive at_ high speed這里考查的是不定冠詞的習(xí)慣用法，答案為a，構(gòu)成at a high speed，“以高速”開車。例18：Old Toms granddaughter used to visit him _ Saturday afternoonSaturday afternoon是指定的某天下午，所以不用介詞in，而用on才是正解。例19：Though Liu Qiang did the same work _ Zhang Wen did，he got a lower pay _ Zhang Wen第一條橫線可由前面的the same斷出用as，第二條橫線則可由lowe

26、r斷出比較意義，故答案為than。例20：It was only one day left,_，his father had no idea to answer him觀察上下旬，可以看出是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，且橫線與前后用逗號(hào)隔開，排除but，所以答案是however。技巧十三：上下文中出現(xiàn)的相關(guān)詞。這一招是最為靈活的，但也是最難的。學(xué)生可以根據(jù)上下文關(guān)系和自己積累的知識(shí)，填入某個(gè)已出現(xiàn)的詞，或其反義詞，或其同類的某個(gè)詞。答案的線索可能在本句，可能出現(xiàn)在上下相連的一句，還可能出現(xiàn)在比較遠(yuǎn)的地方上下段中與此段位置大體相當(dāng)?shù)木渥?。如果該橫線出現(xiàn)在某段的首句，則線索可能在上下段的首句；如果橫線出現(xiàn)在某段的末

27、句，則線索可能在上下段的末句，以此類推。例21：Tony _ travelling abroad，but dislikes staying home watching TV由第二句話中的dislikes可以判斷，此橫線處應(yīng)該是填其反義詞likes。語(yǔ)法填空作為一種新穎的題型，能全面地考查學(xué)生的英語(yǔ)綜合應(yīng)用能力。上述十三條技巧概括了此題型的多數(shù)考查方向，在高考備考復(fù)習(xí)中能起到很好的加強(qiáng)作用，真正做到事半功倍，較大地提高學(xué)生在此題型上的得分率。實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練（1）Just up the road from my home is a field, with two horses in it. From a

28、 distance, each horse looks like any other horse. But if you get a _16_( close) look you will notice one of them is blind. Instead of abandoning him, his owner has made him a safe and comfortable barn to live in. And if you stand nearby and listen, you will hear the sound of a bell_17_( come) from _

29、18_ smaller horse. Attached to _19_ (it) halter is a small, copper-colored bell assisting the blind friend to follow him._20_you watch them, youll find the horse with the bell always checking on the blind one, and that the blind horse will listen for the bell and then slowly walk to _21_ the other o

30、ne is, trusting he will not _22_( lead ) astray. When the horse with the bell returns to the barn each evening, he will stop _23_( frequent ) to look back, making sure that the _24_ isnt too far behind to hear the bell. Life does not throw us away just because we are not perfect or because we have p

31、roblems or challenges. Sometimes we are the blind horse being guided by the little ringing bell of our acquaintances; _25_other times we are the guide horse, who helps others to find their way. （2）Several times each year the Queen gives afternoon tea parties. But she simply sits beside a big silver

32、plate, pouring cups of tea for everyone and 16 (skill) avoiding the cakes and sandwiches. At cocktail parities the Queen moves from group to group, chatting informally, and manages to make one glass of drink last 17 entire evening.Tours abroad are difficult because hosts seem to have a 18 (believe)

33、that the warmth of their welcome must be shown with wonderful state banquets (宴會(huì)). But the Queen has perfected the art of appearing to enjoy her meal without actually eating much.During one visit 19 the Pacific islands of Tonga, a specially prepared dinner was arranged in her honor. The Queen looked

34、 uneasily at her plate 20 she discovered a whole roast pig was her serving.Then a turkey, some meat, an apple and bananas 21 (carry) in for each guest. But she depended 22 her old favorite trick of talking with her host, King Tupou IV, and carrying on a warm conversation.Sometimes the Queen will see

35、m so carried away by foreign leaders political chat 23 she simply never has time to finish a meal before it is time to get up and make her speech. She will lift her fork to swallow a mouthful, and then put 24 down again to make another point, leaving almost all of her meal 25 (touch).(3) Several men

36、 hit the Sao Paulo Museum of Art just before dawn on December 20th , 2007，and _1_ shocked the authorities as it took the thieves just three minutes to steal paintings _2_ two world famous artists, Pablo Picasso _3_ Candido Poninari，_4_ are worth millions of dollars. Images from the secret camera sho

37、w that two men began their action at 509 a. m. ，_5_ the guards in the museum were going through their shift change(換崗). They broke through two glass doors，_6_(run) to the museums top floor and grabbed the two paintings from different rooms，somehow _7_(avoid) nearby guards. The alarm never rang，and b

38、y 512 a. m. ，they were making their escape. After _8_，the police were interviewing the 30 museum employees. “Everything indicates thieves were sent to do it by some wealthy art lover for _9_ own collection. He was not rich enough to buy the paintings，_10_ he was wealthy，” said the lead police office

39、r，Marcos Gomes de Moura.（4)It was a very cold evening, an old man was waiting for a ride across the river. He saw several horsemen pass by but he didnt ask for any help. The wait seemed _1_(end)Then came another rider，the old man _2_(catch) his eye and said, “Sir, would you mind doing me a favor？”St

40、opping his horse，he replied, “Of course.” Almost _3_(freeze), the old man could not get _4_ the ground. The horseman helped him onto his horse. He took the old man not just across the river，_5_ to his home.“Sir, you didnt even ask the other riders for help, why? What _6_ I had said no and left you t

41、here？” the horseman asked.The old man looked at him straight in the eyes and said, “I looked into their eyes, I found they didnt care，_7_ told me it would be useless, but when I looked into _8_， I saw kindness.”These words touched the rider deeply. “Thank you for _9_ youve said, I hope I will never

42、be too busy to help others.” with that, Thomas Jefferson, the _10_(three) president of the US, turned his horse around and went away. (5)The woman often called the First Lady of New York died on August. Brooke Astor was one hundred five years old. The extremely wealthy and famous New Yorker spent mu

43、ch of her life _1_(help)the needy in her beloved city.She was born in Portsmouth, New Hampshire. She was the only child of a high level military officer. After two earlier _2_(marry) ，she married Vincent Astor in 1953 again. He came from a family _3_ had been rich for least on hundred years. Among o

44、ther things, he owed many buildings in New York City. Brooke Astor became one of the _4_(rich)women in the world when Vincent Astor died. She also became head of a huge charity organization_ _5_(found) by her husband. He repeatedly had told her she would have fun giving _6_ his money. And apparently

45、 she did. Missus Astor gave tens of millions of dollars _7_(main)to places and people in New York City. She said it was the sensible choice because that was _8_ the money had been made. She gave financial support to the citys cultural centers，its poor and disabled as _9_ as to many other smaller cha

46、rities. When she died, the mayor of New York said the city would not be what it is today _10_ her support. (6)A new campaign to ban smoking in taxis is part of a wider push to clean up the citys image before the 2010 World Expo(2010年世界博覽會(huì)). The Shanghai Dazhong Taxi, a taxi company, said drivers _1_

47、(find) smoking in their cabs could “possibly” be fined or even temporarily banned _2_ working. Signs _3_(place) in all of the taxi companys 9,100 strong fleet (車隊(duì)) saying “No Smoking in Taxis. Welcome to Shanghai World Expo”“We hope the sanitation(衛(wèi)生環(huán)境) of cabs in the city will be improved through o

48、ur no-smoking campaign，_4_ is a mutual benefit for _5_ drivers and passengers. ”Dazhong said it would _6_(close) monitor the campaigns progress.Drivers caught smoking will undergo the companys training and inspection program. “Cabs found to have cigarette smell will be called back”， Zhao said.Many t

49、axi drivers smoke _7_(relax) from working long hours. The official admitted _8_ would not be an easy task to achieve a total smoke ban in a short time.“Promoting non-smoking taxis in the whole city is _9_ long journey，” Zhao said. “_10_ having a long way to go, we are confident of fulfilling our smo

50、ke-free taxi program in the city through our diligence.” (7) At one point along an open highway，I came to a crossroads with a traffic light. I was alone on the road by now, but _1_ I drove up to the light，it turned red，and I braked to a halt. I looked left, right，and behind me. Nothing，_2_a car，no s

51、uggestion of headlights, but there I sat，_3_(wait) the light to change，the only human being for at least a mile in any direction.I started wondering _4_I refused to run the light. I was not afraid of _5_(catch) by the police, because there was obviously no cop anywhere around and _6_ certainly would

52、 have been no danger in going _7_ it.Much later that night，the _8_ question of why Id stopped for that light came back to me. I think I stopped because its part of a contract(合同) we all have with each other. Its not only the law, but its an agreement we have，and we trust each other to honor _9_：We d

53、ont go through red lights. Like most of us, Im more ready to be stopped from doing something bad by the social agreement that disapproves of it _10_ by any law against it. (8)When you treat people and things in a kind，_1_(consider) ，and polite way，you are being respectful. Respect _2_ very important

54、 _3_ home, at school, and everywhere you go. _4_ you show respect, you show that you care _5_ other peoples feelings or that you care for belongings, buildings, streets and nature.To show how much respect you have for people and things，try _6_(write) a fun respect poem. The easiest way to do this is

55、 to make a simple list of _7_ it means to be respectful at school.First start by making _8_ quick list of how you can show respect at school. List poems seem to work best when they are written with a parallel structure; that is，when _9_ line begins the same way and follows the same pattern.Next, take the best lines and put them together in a poem. Remember to keep the parallel structure _10_ following the same sentence pattern.1 16. closer 17. coming 18. the 19. its 20. When/if21. where 22. be led 23. frequentl