專升本英語語法主謂一致

1、精選課件1精選課件2在在英語英語句子里句子里, ,謂語受主語支配謂語受主語支配, ,其動(dòng)其動(dòng)詞必須和主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致詞必須和主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致, ,這就叫主謂一致。尋其規(guī)律這就叫主謂一致。尋其規(guī)律, ,大致可大致可歸納為三個(gè)原則歸納為三個(gè)原則, ,即即語法一致、邏輯語法一致、邏輯意義一致意義一致和和就近一致就近一致原則原則。精選課件3精選課件4一、謂語動(dòng)詞為單數(shù)的情況1.由由and連接的連接的 并列成分指的是同一概念，身兼兩職或成并列成分指的是同一概念，身兼兩職或成套事物套事物 a worker and writer;a knife and fork e.g.1.The poet

2、 and writer .(come） 2.A hammer and a saw useful tools.考點(diǎn)：用考點(diǎn)：用andand連接的成對(duì)名詞習(xí)慣上被看成是一個(gè)整連接的成對(duì)名詞習(xí)慣上被看成是一個(gè)整 體體, , 如如:bread and butter(:bread and butter(黃油抹面包黃油抹面包), knife and fork(), knife and fork(刀叉刀叉) )等等 作主語時(shí)作主語時(shí), , 謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。has comeare精選課件52. Every and(every)/eachand (each) no and (no), many

3、aand (many a)連接兩連接兩 個(gè)單數(shù)名詞作主語個(gè)單數(shù)名詞作主語. e.g.1.Every boy and every girl_ to go swimming. 2. No teacher and no student_absent from the meeting. 3. Each man and (each) woman _asked to help. likeswasis考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)：用連接的并列主語被用連接的并列主語被each, every each, every 或或nono修飾時(shí)修飾時(shí), , 謂語動(dòng)詞謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。用單數(shù)。 something, everything, an

4、ything, nothing something, everything, anything, nothing，somebody, somebody, nobody, no one nobody, no one 等不定代詞作主語，謂語通常是單數(shù)。等不定代詞作主語，謂語通常是單數(shù)。精選課件6思考：思考： 1.Many a boy playing basketball. 許多男生都喜歡打籃球。許多男生都喜歡打籃球。 2. More than one student . 不只一個(gè)學(xué)生遲到。不只一個(gè)學(xué)生遲到。 3.More persons than one help us. 不止一個(gè)人來幫助我們。不

5、止一個(gè)人來幫助我們。likeswas latecome to考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)：若主語中有：若主語中有more than one 或或many a/an， 盡管從意義上看是復(fù)數(shù)，但它的謂語動(dòng)詞仍盡管從意義上看是復(fù)數(shù)，但它的謂語動(dòng)詞仍 用單數(shù)。用單數(shù)。 但但more+復(fù)數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞+than one做主語做主語 時(shí)時(shí), 謂語動(dòng)詞仍用復(fù)數(shù)。謂語動(dòng)詞仍用復(fù)數(shù)。精選課件7e.g.1.Serving the people _my greatest happiness. 為人民服務(wù)是我最大的幸福為人民服務(wù)是我最大的幸福. . 2. When well go out for an outing_. 我們什么時(shí)候出去

6、郊游已決定了。我們什么時(shí)候出去郊游已決定了。ishas been decided3.不定式不定式(短語短語), 動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞(短語短語), 或從句作主語時(shí)或從句作主語時(shí), 謂語謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。精選課件8 e.g. 1. Air as well as water matter. 空氣和水都是物質(zhì)?？諝夂退际俏镔|(zhì)。 2. No one except two servants late for the dinner. 除了兩個(gè)仆人外除了兩個(gè)仆人外, 沒有一個(gè)人遲來用餐。沒有一個(gè)人遲來用餐。 iswas4.單數(shù)主語單數(shù)主語即使后面帶有即使后面帶有with, along with, tog

7、ether with, like(像像), but (除了除了),except, besides, as well as, no less than, rather than(而不是而不是), including, in addition to引導(dǎo)的引導(dǎo)的短語短語, 謂語動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)謂語動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)精選課件95. one/every one/each /either/the number of +復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語名詞作主語e.g. Each of us something to say. 我們每個(gè)人都有話要說。我們每個(gè)人都有話要說。has考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)：each of + 復(fù)數(shù)代詞復(fù)數(shù)代詞, 謂語

8、動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。復(fù)謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。復(fù)數(shù)代詞數(shù)代詞+each, 謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。精選課件10思考：思考：None of us perfect. 人無完人。人無完人。 None of this me. 這事一點(diǎn)不使我著急。這事一點(diǎn)不使我著急。are (is)worries考點(diǎn)：考點(diǎn)：none 做主語時(shí)做主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)，也可用謂語動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)，也可用復(fù)數(shù)：但在代表不可數(shù)的東西時(shí)總是看作單數(shù)，因復(fù)數(shù)：但在代表不可數(shù)的東西時(shí)總是看作單數(shù)，因而謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)。而謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)。精選課件116.無生命集體名詞無生命集體名詞clothing /cloth /furniture /tr

9、affic /jewelry/luggage/poetry/equipment/machinery（機(jī)（機(jī)器器)/baggage做主語做主語 e.g. 1. Clothing _ badly needed in this flooded area. 2.The number of the unemployed _ still increasing. 3. All their baggage _ stolen. 4.The furniture _ convenient to move. 5.All the machinery in the factory _ made in China. 6.

10、Jewelry _ used for decoration and wear. isis iswasisis精選課件127. 以以ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱：結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱：physics, mathematics, 以以-s 結(jié)尾的疾病名稱：結(jié)尾的疾病名稱：arthritis (關(guān)節(jié)炎），關(guān)節(jié)炎），diabetes （糖尿病）糖尿?。?，bronchitis(支氣管炎）支氣管炎） 單一政治實(shí)體：?jiǎn)我徽螌?shí)體：the United States；The United Nations 等等作主語時(shí)作主語時(shí), 謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。e.g. Arthritis _a disease causin

11、g pain and swelling in the joints of the body. Physics_an important subject in middle schools. isis精選課件138. 表示時(shí)間、距離、金錢、等復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語，表達(dá)表示時(shí)間、距離、金錢、等復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語，表達(dá)一個(gè)整體概念時(shí)。一個(gè)整體概念時(shí)。 e.g.Twenty years has passed since he left his hometown. is精選課件141. 由由and /bothand連接的并列主語連接的并列主語 2. 有有生命生命的集體名詞的集體名詞people , police,

12、 cattle, vermin(害害蟲）蟲）, poultry（家禽）（家禽） 等作主語。等作主語。 The police _looking for the missing child.3. 由山脈由山脈(The Himalayas)、群島、瀑布、群島、瀑布(The Niagara Falls) 、運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)等、運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)等s 結(jié)尾的專有名詞作主語。結(jié)尾的專有名詞作主語。 The Olympic Games _ held once every four years. 5. a number of/ a group of +名詞作主語。名詞作主語。 areare精選課件156. 由兩個(gè)部分組成的名詞，以

13、由兩個(gè)部分組成的名詞，以-s 結(jié)尾，結(jié)尾，scissors，glasses, trousers 謂語動(dòng)詞必須用復(fù)數(shù)，但這謂語動(dòng)詞必須用復(fù)數(shù)，但這些名詞前若出現(xiàn)些名詞前若出現(xiàn) a pair of,謂語一般用單數(shù)。謂語一般用單數(shù)。e.g. One pair of scissors _ enough. 7. 這些以這些以-s結(jié)尾的名詞：結(jié)尾的名詞：goods, clothes, arms（武器）（武器）, fireworks , stairs（樓梯）（樓梯）, wages 做主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。做主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 is精選課件161. 集體名詞集體名詞class, family, army,

14、 team, club, enemy, party, crowd, crew, audience, public , government, majority, group等作主語。強(qiáng)調(diào)整體用單數(shù)，指?jìng)€(gè)體成等作主語。強(qiáng)調(diào)整體用單數(shù)，指?jìng)€(gè)體成員用復(fù)數(shù)。員用復(fù)數(shù)。 His family _ a great one. His family _ music lovers. 2. means, works, pains等詞，根據(jù)主語表達(dá)的概念而定。等詞，根據(jù)主語表達(dá)的概念而定。 The steel works _ near the station. 精選課件173. 作主語，以這些名詞本身的作主語，以這

15、些名詞本身的單復(fù)數(shù)單復(fù)數(shù)而定。而定。 4. all, none, some, any 等不定代詞作主語，根據(jù)等不定代詞作主語，根據(jù)其指代的內(nèi)容而定。其指代的內(nèi)容而定。 All are present . All the food tastes good. 5. 作主語作主語:謂語動(dòng)詞要和謂語動(dòng)詞要和 of 之后的名詞單復(fù)數(shù)保持之后的名詞單復(fù)數(shù)保持一致。一致。 精選課件18例：例： The rest of the bikes today. 剩下的自行車今天特價(jià)出售。剩下的自行車今天特價(jià)出售。 60% of the apple eaten by the little boy. 這個(gè)蘋果的這個(gè)蘋果的

16、60%都被這個(gè)小男孩吃了。都被這個(gè)小男孩吃了。are on salewas考點(diǎn)一：主語中有考點(diǎn)一：主語中有all, half, most, the rest等等, 以及以及 “分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞名詞”做主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞單復(fù)做主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞單復(fù) 數(shù)取決于連用的名詞。數(shù)取決于連用的名詞。精選課件19 Here the bus 公共汽車來了。公共汽車來了。 Here a pen and some pieces of paper for you. 給你一支鋼筆和幾張紙。給你一支鋼筆和幾張紙。comesis精選課件201.He is the only one of the students

17、 who _ a winner of scholarship for three years. A. is B. are C. have been D. has beenD2.Mary is one of those people who pets.瑪麗是飼養(yǎng)寵物者之一?，旣愂秋曫B(yǎng)寵物者之一。raise強(qiáng)化練習(xí)強(qiáng)化練習(xí)精選課件213.A poet and artist _ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon. A.is B.are C.was D.were 解析：解析：a

18、poet and artista poet and artist指一個(gè)人，既是詩(shī)人，也是藝術(shù)家。指一個(gè)人，既是詩(shī)人，也是藝術(shù)家。 答案：答案：A4.The father as well as his three children _ skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter. A.is going B.go C.goes D.are going 解析：解析：主語仍為主語仍為the fatherthe father，單數(shù)形式；，單數(shù)形式；as well as his three as well as his thre

19、e children children作句子的狀語，不影響謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。作句子的狀語，不影響謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。 答案：答案：C 精選課件225._ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass. A.Two fifth；is B.Two fifth；are C.Two fifths；is D.Two fifths；are 解析：解析：表示分?jǐn)?shù)時(shí)，分子大于一，分母表示分?jǐn)?shù)時(shí)，分子大于一，分母( (序數(shù)詞形式序數(shù)詞形式) )加加s s；主語；主語 為為landland，不可數(shù)，故謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。，不可數(shù)，故謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)

20、。 答案：答案：C6.Every possible means _ to prevent the air pollution，but the sky is still not clear. A.is used B.are used C.has been used D.have been used 解析：解析：every possible meansevery possible means每一種可行的方式；每一種可行的方式；meansmeans單復(fù)數(shù)單復(fù)數(shù) 同形，此句中為單數(shù)；表示同形，此句中為單數(shù)；表示“每種辦法都用過了每種辦法都用過了”，用現(xiàn)在完成，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 答

21、案：答案：C 精選課件237.As a result of destroying the forests，a large _ of desert _ covered the land. A.number；has B.quantity；has C.number；have D.quantity；have 解析：解析：a large number of a large number of 不修飾不可數(shù)名詞；不修飾不可數(shù)名詞；a large a large quantity of quantity of不可數(shù)名詞，謂語用單數(shù)。不可數(shù)名詞，謂語用單數(shù)。 答案：答案：B8.He is the only o

22、ne of the students who _ the winner of scholarship for three years. A.is B.are C.have been D.has been 解析：解析：有有the onlythe only修飾先行詞，其后的定語從句中謂語用單數(shù)。修飾先行詞，其后的定語從句中謂語用單數(shù)。 答案：答案：D 精選課件249.The population of China _ over 1.3 billion and eighty percent of its population _ peasants. A.is；are B.are；is C.is；is

23、 D.are；are 解析：解析：populationpopulation表示表示“人口人口”。當(dāng)表示人口數(shù)為多少時(shí)謂語。當(dāng)表示人口數(shù)為多少時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，如果有分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)修飾時(shí)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，如果有分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)修飾時(shí)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。 答案：答案：A10.Grey as well as his two companions _ leave _ Paris tomorrow. A.are to；for B.is to；for C.is to；to D.are to；to 解析：解析：句中主語是句中主語是GreyGrey，單數(shù)，故謂語也用單數(shù)；，單數(shù)，故謂語也用單數(shù)；leave for leave for s