草根NGO管理模式研討

1、草根NGO管理模式研討        【中文摘要】跟著我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)體系體例和政治體系體例改造的不斷深入,政府改變傳統(tǒng)管理社會(huì)的方式和手腕,并逐漸從全能政府向有限政府改變,尤其是“小政府、大社會(huì)”目的模式的確立,為公民社會(huì)的成長(zhǎng)發(fā)明了更寬松的環(huán)境,也為我國(guó)草根NGO的發(fā)生與發(fā)鋪提供了必不可少的前提。近年來(lái),草根NGO大量出現(xiàn),其在緩解社會(huì)矛盾、推入公民介入、維護(hù)公民權(quán)益等方面施鋪了政府與市場(chǎng)不可替代的作用。目前我國(guó)政府對(duì)NGO實(shí)行的是雙重管理模式,這種管理模式施鋪了一定的積極作用,但客觀(guān)上也給草根NGO的登記注冊(cè)設(shè)置了多

2、道門(mén)檻障礙,如范圍障礙、資金障礙、場(chǎng)地障礙等,非競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性原則也限制了草根NGO的生存和發(fā)鋪,在這種管理模式下,草根NGO中的一部門(mén)只能選擇以企業(yè)名義在工商部門(mén)注冊(cè),有些干脆選擇“法外”生存,公民自下而上成立的、社會(huì)基本更為普遍的草根NGO被大量排斥在法律認(rèn)可之外,其法律位置、軌制建設(shè)、政策支持等方面均處于灰色地帶,影響了這些組織的正常運(yùn)作、才能建設(shè)、公信力積聚和作用的施鋪。草根NGO具有政府和市場(chǎng)無(wú)可比擬的功能優(yōu)勢(shì),體現(xiàn)出更強(qiáng)烈的非政府組織的特性,也施鋪著非常主要的作用,雙重管理模式一方面模糊了非政府組織的界線(xiàn),將良多組織推向“法外”生存,使其陷入合法性困境,另一方面,也使得政府將管理的留意力大

3、量?jī)A瀉在非政府組織位置的合法性上,不僅增添了管理的難度,同時(shí)也疏忽了對(duì)非政府組織本身行為活動(dòng)的各項(xiàng)管理。跟著社會(huì)的不斷發(fā)鋪,政府對(duì)草根NGO觀(guān)念的改變,人們對(duì)結(jié)社自由理解的加深,草根NGO的登記管理軌制和日常監(jiān)管軌制也將不斷跟著經(jīng)濟(jì)體系體例和政治體系體例的改造而樹(shù)立健全,草根NGO應(yīng)該取得其應(yīng)有的法律位置并納入政府管理視野、不再游離于體系體例之外,改造現(xiàn)行的雙重管理模式,使草根NGO解脫合法性困境已迫在眉睫。本文嘗試以解決目前草根NGO合法性困境為目的,在對(duì)目前我國(guó)雙重管理模式入行相關(guān)評(píng)析、借鑒國(guó)外管理模式的基本上,提出構(gòu)建當(dāng)代中國(guó)草根NGO管理模式的路徑計(jì)劃。首先,在第一部門(mén)緒論中,本文闡述

4、了草根NGO管理模式的研討背景、研討現(xiàn)狀、以及本文的研討方式等;第二部門(mén)主要是明白界定草根NGO、管理模式以及草根NGO管理模式的概念、分類(lèi)等,在此基本上,引入草根NGO生存和發(fā)鋪的理論背景,即公民結(jié)社自由以及公共管理理論,并用二者剖析了草根NGO生存及發(fā)鋪的合法性及合理性;第三部門(mén)是對(duì)現(xiàn)行管理模式下草根NGO的生存現(xiàn)狀的評(píng)析,通過(guò)闡述我國(guó)目前非政府組織的管理模式,剖析我國(guó)草根NGO在這種管理模式下的生存現(xiàn)狀,入一步揭示出我國(guó)草根NGO在這種管理模式下已陷入“合法性”困境的事實(shí);第四部門(mén)主要是從登記注冊(cè)軌制和日常監(jiān)管軌制兩方面來(lái)介紹部門(mén)國(guó)外非政府組織的管理模式,以美國(guó)、新加坡和日本為代表,通過(guò)

5、學(xué)習(xí)國(guó)外政府在NGO登記注冊(cè)及日常監(jiān)管方面的入步前輩經(jīng)驗(yàn),提煉出對(duì)我國(guó)政府管理非政府組織的主要啟示;第五部門(mén)是在借鑒國(guó)外經(jīng)驗(yàn)的基本上,以解決草根NGO合法性困境,使其充足施鋪?zhàn)饔脼槟康?從思惟層面、法制層面、管理層面以及監(jiān)督層面構(gòu)建起新的管理模式,即“存案制與審批制相結(jié)合的登記注冊(cè)模式”和“單一監(jiān)管為主、雙重監(jiān)管為輔的日常監(jiān)管模式”,同時(shí)文章的最后提出了今后入一步研討的方向。');【Abstract】 Along with the deepening of the reforms in the economic and political structures in China, th

6、e government has changed the traditional ways and means to administer the society and gradually transformed from an almighty government to a limited government. The establishment of the target pattern of "the small government, the great society" in particular has created a more relaxed env

7、ironment and a broader base for the growth of a civil society. All these factors provide necessary conditions for the appearance and development of grassroots Non-governmental Organization (NGO) in China. In the recent years, grassroots NGO emerge in great numbers, playing an important role which ca

8、nnot be replaced by the government and the market in mitigating society conflicts, promoting citizens' participation and protecting civil rights.At present, the Chinese government adopts the dual administration pattern to administer the NGO, which has played a positive role but objectively sets

9、a great number of obstacles for the registration of grassroots NGO, such as the obstacles of scale, funds, place, etc. And the principle of non-competitiveness also restrains the existence and development of grassroots NGO. Under such an administration pattern, some grassroots NGO have to register i

10、n the administrations of industry and commerce in the name of enterprises, and some others simply exist as "outlaws". A great number of grassroots NGO established by citizens spontaneously with a broad social base are denied by law. The legal status, institutional construction, policy supp

11、orts etc of such NGO are in the grey area, which has been affecting the NGO' normal operation, capability construction, public credit accumulation, and functional efficiency. In fact the grassroots NGO enjoy the functional advantages that government and market can hardly compete with. The dual a

12、dministration pattern not only blurs the border of non-government organizations, pushing many organizations to be "outlaws", increasing difficulties in administration, but also draws the attention of the government to the legitimate status rather than the activities of the NGO. With the on

13、going development of the society, the government's change of the concept of NGO, and people's deeper understanding of the freedom of association, the registration system and routine supervision system of grassroots NGO will be established and improved along with the deepening of the reforms

14、in the economic and political structures. The grassroots NGO should obtain their due legal status to be administered by the government instead of straying out of the systems. The reform of the current dual administration pattern to draw the grassroots NGO out of the legitimacy difficulty is around t

15、he corner.For the purpose of trying to solve the current legitimacy difficulty of grassroots NGO, this * proposes a scheme of constructing an administration pattern of grassroots NGO in modern China on the basis of the relevant analysis and evaluation of the current dual administration pattern in Ch

16、ina and some references to the foreign administration patterns. This * is divided into five chapters. Chapter one, the introduction presents the research background, the current situation of the administration pattern of grassroots NGO as well as the research methodologies of the *. Chapter two expl

17、icitly defines the conception of grassroots NGO, administration patterns, and administration patterns of grassroots NGO, introduces the theoretical background of the existence and development of grassroots NGO, i.e. citizens' freedom of association and the theory of public governance, and analys

18、es the legitimacy and reasonability of the existence and development of grassroots NGO. Chapter Three gives out an analysis and evaluation of the existence situation of grassroots NGO under the current administration pattern and further reveals the fact that Chinese grassroots NGO have run into the

19、legitimacy difficulty by discussing the current administration patterns of NGO in China. Chapter Four refers to the administration patterns of some foreign governments from two aspects of the registration system and the routine supervision system, and abstract some important illuminations for Chinese government in administering NGO by learning from the advanced experience of foreign governmen