系動(dòng)詞的用法

1、english writing level 1 english writing level 1 mclass requirements:mtotal attention mtake notes mparticipation mhomework : student representative Basics of English WritingBasics of English Writingmsentence structures:m主系表：說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的狀況、性質(zhì)、特征等情況。說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的狀況、性質(zhì)、特征等情況。 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)是是什么樣的什么樣的m主謂賓:主語(yǔ)做做什么mtense 時(shí)態(tài)系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞 l

2、ink verbslink verbsmWas/ were mAm / is /are mWill be mHave /has been mHad been before 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞實(shí)義動(dòng)詞mDid mDo /does mBe doing mWill do mHave/has done mHad done Specific examples: ？: what can be used as predicatives (表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)) textbook Ss: samples:typesm分類分類: m狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞; m持續(xù)系動(dòng)詞持續(xù)系動(dòng)詞; m表像系動(dòng)詞表像系動(dòng)詞 m感官系動(dòng)詞感官系動(dòng)詞; m

3、變化系動(dòng)詞變化系動(dòng)詞; m終止系動(dòng)詞終止系動(dòng)詞 狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞 bem用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)，只有用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)，只有be一詞一詞m He is a teacher. mHe is ill. (表示主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài))m連系動(dòng)詞連系動(dòng)詞 be 后根據(jù)情況可自由地接不定式作表語(yǔ)：后根據(jù)情況可自由地接不定式作表語(yǔ)： mMy dream is to be a scientist. mAll you have to do is to listen. 表像系動(dòng)詞m用來(lái)表示用來(lái)表示“看起來(lái)像看起來(lái)像”這一概念，主要有這一概念，主要有seem, appear, look, 例如：例如：mHe lo

4、oks tired. mHe seems (to be) very sad. mShe appears 18. But in fact, she is already 28.持續(xù)系動(dòng)詞m用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度，主要有用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度，主要有keep, remain, stay, lie, stand, continue. 例如：例如： mHe always kept silent at meeting. mThis matter remains a mystery. mIt continued/ remained rainy for days.mHe stoo

5、d quite still, except his lips moved slightly.mThe snow lay thick on the ground.m注意：注意：(1)表示表示“仍然處于原來(lái)的狀態(tài)仍然處于原來(lái)的狀態(tài)”時(shí)，時(shí)，remain和和stay可可以互換，例如：以互換，例如：mThree of them remained/ stayed single.mShops should remain/ stay open till later in the evening. mThe door stayed/ remained closed.mBut the police themse

6、lves prefer to stay/ remain unarmed. m(2)表示表示“需要設(shè)法才能保持某種狀態(tài)需要設(shè)法才能保持某種狀態(tài)”時(shí)，可用時(shí)，可用keep和和stay. 后常接的形容詞有后常接的形容詞有 calm, clean, awake, young, warm, fine等等. 例如：例如：mShe knew she must keep/ stay calm. m Although they have many difficulties, they keep happy. mPaul managed to keep/ stay awake by drinking lots o

7、f strong black coffee. 感官系動(dòng)詞m感官系動(dòng)詞主要有感官系動(dòng)詞主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, look. 例如：例如： mThis kind of cloth feels very soft. mThis flower smells very sweet. mThe music sounds nice.mThe fish tastes good.變化系動(dòng)詞 m這些系動(dòng)詞表示主語(yǔ)變成什么樣，變化系動(dòng)詞主要有這些系動(dòng)詞表示主語(yǔ)變成什么樣，變化系動(dòng)詞主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run. mg

8、o和和come 是一對(duì)相反的詞是一對(duì)相反的詞. go+ adj.表示令人不愉快的表示令人不愉快的事事; come+ adj.表示好的事情表示好的事情,還可以接前綴還可以接前綴un-的過(guò)去分的過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)，表示變化的情況。詞作表語(yǔ)，表示變化的情況。m go blind/ mad/ hungry/ badm come true/ right/ clear/ dear/ unstuck/ untiedmHis dream to be a pilot has come true.mMy shoelaces have come undone.mShe went blind at the age of

9、8.mrun后接后接 short, dry, low, deep等形容詞等形容詞,主語(yǔ)為流動(dòng)性的或能消耗主語(yǔ)為流動(dòng)性的或能消耗掉的東西。掉的東西。mTheir money was running short.mThe well has run dry.m但表語(yǔ)為但表語(yǔ)為wild時(shí)時(shí),主語(yǔ)是人主語(yǔ)是人; run wild(放蕩不羈）放蕩不羈）mDont let the children run wild.m grow常指逐漸的變化常指逐漸的變化,表示身高、歲數(shù)的增長(zhǎng)。表示身高、歲數(shù)的增長(zhǎng)。mMy little brother has grown much taller in the past y

10、ear. mShe grew thinner and thinner. mSoon the sky grew light.mturn表示表示“變得變得”,指變?yōu)榕c原先不同的情況指變?yōu)榕c原先不同的情況,通常指顏色和天氣等通常指顏色和天氣等變化。變化。mThe weather suddenly turned much colder. mHer face turned blue with fear.mShe turned teacher after graduation.m get “變成變成,變得變得起來(lái)起來(lái)”,后可接形容詞后可接形容詞,分詞分詞,介詞短語(yǔ)介詞短語(yǔ);接不定式接不定式時(shí)表示時(shí)表示“由

11、不由不變得變得”.mThe days are getting longer and longer.mHe got excited about it.mMy watch gets out of order.m fall接接asleep, silent, quiet等靜態(tài)形容詞和表示疾病的形容詞，等靜態(tài)形容詞和表示疾病的形容詞，但不能接形容詞的比較級(jí)。但不能接形容詞的比較級(jí)。mWhile I was doing my homework, my little sister fell asleep.mShe fell ill from cold.mThe naughty boy fell silent

12、 suddenly.m fall apart(散開(kāi)散開(kāi)) fall flat (沒(méi)效果沒(méi)效果)m become “變成變成;變?yōu)樽優(yōu)椤?好壞均可好壞均可),語(yǔ)氣正式語(yǔ)氣正式,且不能用于將來(lái)且不能用于將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài),強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果.表人的身體狀況表人的身體狀況,情緒情緒,天氣和社會(huì)變化時(shí)可與天氣和社會(huì)變化時(shí)可與get互換使用互換使用.mHe became a lawyer.mI became/ got interested in math.mHe became/ got angry with me.mI hope you will become/ get well.m注意：注意：1. becom

13、e, turn, go, get, fall后面能接名詞作表語(yǔ)后面能接名詞作表語(yǔ),其他則不其他則不能能. turn和和go后面的名詞不帶冠詞。后面的名詞不帶冠詞。mHis dream has become/ got a reality.mHe has turned scientist.mShe has gone artist.mHe fell an victim to cancer.m2. 表變化的系動(dòng)詞用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，表示逐漸的變化。表變化的系動(dòng)詞用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，表示逐漸的變化。mThe days are getting/ becoming longer and longer.mShe is growing to be more and more like her mother.終止系動(dòng)詞m表示主語(yǔ)已終止動(dòng)作，主要有表示主語(yǔ)已終止動(dòng)作，主要有prove, turn out, 表達(dá)表達(dá)“證證實(shí)實(shí)”