初二英語上冊知識點

1、初二英語上冊知識點（短語、句型）MODULE1 1、如有always ,often, usually, sometimes, seldom, never, once a.,every.用一般現(xiàn)在時，第一、二人稱復(fù)數(shù)后跟動詞原形，第三人稱單數(shù)后跟動詞加's'/'es'。2、如有now ,look! ,listen, at the moment .用現(xiàn)在進行時，結(jié)構(gòu)是be (am, is, are) +v-ing3、如有tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, from now on, in +一段時間, some day, next.用一

2、般將來時，結(jié)構(gòu)：will + v原 be going to +v原（沒有動詞用be ）4、如有yesterday, .ago , last.just now.用一般過去時動詞加edgive sb. Sth.=give sth. to sb. 給某人某物 every day每天, write down 寫下，記下write it (them) down everyday每天的，日常的, how about doing sth.=what about doing sth.做.怎么樣 each other 互相.thanks a lot= thank you very much非常謝謝回答That&

3、#39;s all right. =You're welcome.= That'OK.= It's my pleasure.=Not at all.Why don't you+V原.=why not+.V原 為什么不help sb. with sth. 在某方面幫助別人 help sb. (to )do sth.幫助某人做某事 with one's help=with the help of sb.在某人的幫助help oneself to sth.請自用食物watch sb. do sth. 看到某人做了某事，（現(xiàn)在沒有做，做過）watch sb. d

4、oing sth.看到某人正在做某事（正在做）see, hear類似remember to do sth.想起記得要做某事，未做事 remember doing sth.相起記得做過某事forget to do sth. 忘記要做某事 forget doing sth.忘記做過某事welcome back歡迎回來 , new term新學(xué)期this term這學(xué)期 , next term 下學(xué)學(xué)期,last term上學(xué)期, give you some advice給你一些建議 why not 為什么不, make a mistake=make mistakes犯錯誤correct spell

5、ing正確的拼寫, what else?=what other things? 還有什么a piece of advice 一條建議, follow /take one's advice采用別人的建議,send sth to sb.=send sb. sth. 寄給某人 send for派人去請/取 send up發(fā)射. all the time一直enjoy oneself=have a good time=have a great time=have fun, 玩得愉快lots of =a lot of =many(可數(shù))much(不可數(shù))許多 , ,spend : sb. spe

6、nd some time on sth.某人花費時間做某事 sb. spend some time (in) doing sth. 某人花費時間做某事 Sb. spend some money on sth. 某人花費錢買某物 Sb. spend some money (in) buying sth.某人花費錢買某物 Cost: sth. cost sb. some money 某物花去某人錢 pay: sb. pay some money for sth. 某人支付錢Take: It takes (took) sb.some time to do sth.做某事花去某人時間 ask for

7、請求，要求, ask sb. for sth.向某人要某物 ask sb. to do sth.要求某人做某事 a piece of一塊enjoy doing sth喜歡做某事.finish,practise, mind, miss ,consider,keep, continue,這些詞語后跟動名詞形式V-ing place sth.in =put sth. in 把某物放在里面 else常修飾不定代詞，關(guān)系代詞或副詞，也可修飾all, much,little等，else要位于其后。所有格為else's.take a deep breath深呼吸, catchhold one'

8、;s breath屏住呼吸,out of breath上氣不接下氣, wish sb. to do sth.希望某人做某事,the number of 的數(shù)目，后跟名詞復(fù)數(shù)，動詞用三單, a number of =many,大量，許多后跟名詞復(fù)數(shù)，動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。a large number of， a small number of ,invite sb.to do sth. 邀請某人做某事 find+ it+ adj+to do sth.發(fā)現(xiàn)做某事怎么樣 try to do sth.盡力做事 try doing sth. 嘗試做某事try not to do sth .盡力不做某事 try

9、 one's best盡某人最大的努力,a group of 一組，一群, borrow sth from sb.從某人處借入某物,lend sth.to sb=lend sb.sth.借給某人某物 keep借一段時間practice doing sth.,練習(xí)做做某事 come from=be from來自,look for 尋找, look after=care for=take care of照顧look up 向上看，查閱, look like看起來像,look at 看著, look on sb. as把某人看作,look forward to doing sth. 盼望，期

10、待做某事 look over檢查，翻閱 ,look out當(dāng)心，向外看 , look through仔細查看,be ready for =get ready for=prepare for為, be ready準(zhǔn)備好 ,be (get ) ready to do sth.準(zhǔn)備做某事，樂意做某事 translateinto 將譯成，take a message捎個信， leave a message留個信，be good for 對有好處， be good at =do well in擅長于be poor at =be bad at =do badly in=be weak in不擅長 Thin

11、k of想起，think about想出， think over仔細考慮，else修飾不定代詞something,everything,anything,nothing,somebody,anybody,nobody和who, what,when,where時放后，四說，1,speak說語言，2.say說內(nèi)容，3,talk與誰說，4,tell告訴，講述，四看，1,watch觀看電視，比賽和表演，2,see看人，電影，醫(yī)生，風(fēng)景， 3,read看書，報，4,look就看。 看場電影要用see，讀書看報用read 電視、戲劇、比賽，凡是表演用watch,observe細觀察，一時注意用notice

12、.make+賓語+補足語（形容詞）使某人某物怎么樣。.make+賓語+do 讓某人做某事make+賓語+過去分詞 使某人被怎么樣；make friends with sb.與某人交朋友，hear of聽說， hear from收到某人的來信， be bad for對有害， it is +adj.+of sb +to do sth.寫性格，品質(zhì) kind, good nice ,right,wrong,clever,careless,polite,foolish等。It is+adj+for sb +to do sth. 對物的評價difficult,easy hard,dangerous,im

13、portant,等write to 給寫信， next to 在旁邊，do some concerts辦音樂會， speak to sb.和某人講話，say hello to sb. 給某人問好， say bye to sb.向某人說再見，show sb. around somewhere帶某人參觀某地， learn sth from sb.向某人學(xué)習(xí)choose the correct answers選擇正確答案, correct the mistakes改錯,match with把和搭配起來建議：1.why don't you do sth?=why not do sth? 2.H

14、ow about doing sth?=what about doing sth? 3.You should /can do sth. 4.Remember to do sth. 5.Don't forget to do sth. 6.can you do sth ? 7.Let's do sth. 8.It'sa good idea to do 9.would you like to do ? 10.Shall we do 11.You'd better (not )do sth.回答：That's a good idea.Thanks a lot.

15、Great, OK. That's right. All right. Good idea. Sure.現(xiàn)在，小學(xué)生開始學(xué)習(xí)英語的時間越來越早，一年級就開設(shè)了英語課。但是，由于許多孩子未養(yǎng)成良好的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣，覺得學(xué)英語太枯燥、太難，導(dǎo)致對英語學(xué)習(xí)產(chǎn)生厭煩甚至畏懼心理。 初中英語語法介詞用法口訣大全52009年12月29日星期二07：14 同類比較except，加for異類記心間。He's composition is good,except for some spelling mistakes.他的這篇作文寫得很好，只是有幾處拼寫錯誤。(非同類比較用except for)She

16、was all alone in the world except for an old aunt.除了有一個老姑媽，她別無親人。Anna felt disappointed when she found out they had gone swimming without her.(without=except)當(dāng)安娜發(fā)現(xiàn)除她外，他們都去游泳了，她感到很失望。Lion Head Hill is not worth seeing except for its old temples.除了那些古寺以外，獅頭山?jīng)]什么可看的。Among other things,we are interested

17、in drawing.我們對圖畫和別的一些東西很感興趣。(among之內(nèi)即包括在內(nèi))原狀because of,owing to,due to表語形容詞例：Owing to our joint efforts,the task was fulfilled ahead of schedule.由于我們的共同努力，任務(wù)提前完成了。注：Owing to和because of都做原因狀語，而due to只能做表語形容詞。所以此句。owing to的介詞短語做原因狀語。AII our achievements are due to the correct leadership of our Party.我

18、們的一切成績都歸功于黨。(due to做表語形容詞)Under后接修、建中，of，from物化分例：The road is under repair now.這條路正在修建中。The now railway is still under construction.新鐵路尚在修筑中。(不能用in)under discussion在討論中(不能用in)under considerate在考慮中(不能用in)The desk is made of wood.桌子是木頭做的。(物理變化用of)The wine is made from grape.這種酒是用葡萄釀造的。(化學(xué)變化用from)The b

19、ridge is made of steel.這座橋是鋼制的。(物理變化)Steel is made from iron.鋼是由鐵煉成的。(化學(xué)變化)before,after表一點，ago,later表示一段即before,after常表示一個點的時間狀語，而ago，later常表示一段的時間狀語。例如：前天the day before yesterday；前年the year before last；大上星期the week before last等等都表示點狀語的。要想準(zhǔn)確無誤地使用好before和ago,after和later比較困難，但要是以"點"和"段&

20、quot;來區(qū)別就容易得多。例：晚飯前before supper解放前before liberation 1970年前before 1970文革前before cultural revolution國慶前before National Day入大學(xué)前before coming to college這些都是"點"狀語，因為1970年前即1970年1月1日前。國慶節(jié)即10月1日前。ago表示一段時間。例：一分鐘前a minute ago半小時前half an hour ago兩天前two days ago一星期前a week ago五年前five years ago因為a mi

21、nute,half an hour,two days,a week,five years等都表示一段時間，所以用ago。以及ten days later等皆如此。before可接完成時，ago過去級有限這時的before是連詞(也可做介詞)例：We had scarcely left our school before it began to rain.我們剛離開學(xué)校，天就下雨了。(完成時)I had studied French for four months before Icame here.我來這兒以前就已學(xué)了四個月法語了。(before接完成時)He fell ill three d

22、ays ago.他病了三天了。(ago則只能接動詞過去式，同時注意瞬間動詞的問題。)He left two months ago.兩個月前他離開了。(同上)I met her afew minutes ago.我在幾分鐘前碰到他了。(同上)Since以來during間，since時態(tài)多變換與之相比beside,除了last but one。即beside的一般用法是"在旁邊",但還有"和相比"等特殊用法。例：I felt so weak in spoken English beside them.和他們相比，我感到我的口語太差。Beside work a

23、nd study,all else was trivial.同工作和學(xué)習(xí)比起來，其他一切都是小事。除了last but one，即but多指"除了"的意思，也有"倒數(shù)第幾"的意思。last but one即不是最后一個。例：I haven't told anybody but one.除了我愛人，我誰也沒告訴。(除了)Who but afool would study foreign language well if he is ahard working one.如果他勤奮好學(xué)的話，除了傻瓜誰都能學(xué)好外語。(除了)Look at the las

24、t page but one.請看倒數(shù)第2頁。He was the last but three in maths examination this time.他這次數(shù)學(xué)考試成績倒數(shù)第四。They live in the next house but one.他們住在隔壁過去一家。復(fù)不定for、找，價，原，對，給，段，去，為，作，贊復(fù)不定for，即用for引出的不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，也就是for加名(代)加不定式；找，意為找到，提供；價，意為價格、工資；原，意為原因；段，意為時間或距離；去，意為去某地或開往某地；作，意為作為；贊，意為贊成(用于系表結(jié)構(gòu)。)例：It is high time for

25、us to start.我們不該再遲延了。The most urgent thing is for us to get the preparation done.最重要的事情是我們要把準(zhǔn)備工作做好。I don't think it advisable for him to study medicine.我想她學(xué)醫(yī)不適合。Your parents and relatives are anxious for you to go to college.你的父母和親戚渴望你上大學(xué)。My home town has changed too much for me to recognize.我的家

26、鄉(xiāng)變化太大，簡直認不出來了。以上例句都是for在不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中的用法。Someone is asking for you on the telephone.有人找你接電話。(找)You'd better write to me for more information about it.如需更多這方面的資科和信息，你最好給我寫信。(提問，索要)They worked in the company for 200 yuan amonth.他們在這個公司干活，每月嫌200元。(價格)How much did you pay for the second-hand colour TV?這臺

27、用過的彩電你花了多少錢?(價格)Thank you very much for your coming.謝謝您的光臨。(原因)Thank you for your warm hospitality.謝謝您的熱情款待。(原因)Forgive me for being tardy.請原諒我遲到了。(原因)I'm much obliged to you for telling me.非常感謝你給我談了這個情況。(原因)We have boundless admiration for your struggle.對你們的斗爭我們無限欽佩。(對)Listening comprehension m

28、aterials are good for training our minds.聽力材料對訓(xùn)練我們的腦子根有好處。(對)Take the bitter medicine.It's good for you.吃下這藥吧，對你有好處。(對)There is atelegram for 這有一份王先生的電報。(給)May Iuse it for aminute?我用一會兒好嗎?(一段時間)I followed the stealer for some distance.我跟蹤那個小偷一段路。(一段距離)The ship was for Dalian.這破船開往大連。(去某地)We are

29、off for Shanghai tomorrow.明天我們?nèi)ド虾！?去某地)The medicine is for reducing your temperature.這藥是退燒的。(為目的)After breakfast,I'll go for astroll round the town.吃完飯我要在城里到處走走。(為目的)I'll keep the lighter given by aforeign friend for asouvenir.我要把外賓送給我的打火機作為紀(jì)念。(作為)It is only meant for ajoke.這只是當(dāng)笑話說說罷了。(作為)We

30、 are all for cutting down the cost of production.我們都贊成降低生產(chǎn)成本。(贊成)快到、對、向towards，工、學(xué)、軍、城、上、北、南例：It's getting on towards the end of term now.現(xiàn)在已快到學(xué)期未了。(快到)Towards midnight my husband came back.快到半夜了我的丈夫才回來。(快到)Our teacher was very lenient towards us.我們的老師對我們很松。(對)What you have invented is really ab

31、ig contribution towards our company.你所發(fā)明的對我們公司確實是一大貢獻。(對)The boy came running towards his mother.那個男孩向他母親跑去。(向著)所謂工、學(xué)、軍、城、上、北、南，是說up和down的用法。這也是漢英翻譯時要注意的。例如：招工，上大學(xué)，參軍，進城，上山，向北方等都屬于up。而相反的下鄉(xiāng)，向南，落榜等都屬于down。"大軍南下，北上抗日"大概由此而來。but for否定用虛擬，復(fù)合介詞待后言。but for是"若不是"的意思。例：But for our great

32、Communist Party,we could never have today's happiness.若沒有偉大的共產(chǎn)黨，我們決不會有今天的幸福生活。But for this chemical the vapour inside the system would not have been absorbed so completely.若沒有這個化學(xué)劑的作用，系統(tǒng)內(nèi)的蒸汽不可能被吸收得這么徹底。but for將在虛擬語氣中詳講。例：in general一般說來in short簡言之in other words換言之in my opinion依我看in simple words簡言

33、之on the whole基本上for instance例如for short簡稱after all畢竟above all首先此外考試中常出現(xiàn)的成語前置詞也須牢記其用法。by appearance從外表by the aid of借的幫助by far得多by course of照常例by reason of由于by request應(yīng)邀by right of由于憑借out of date過時out of harmony with與不一致out of harmony with擺脫困境out of bounds超出權(quán)限out of proportion to與不相稱out of reach力量不及ou

34、t of one's wits不知所措out of question沒問題out of the question不可能的to agreat extent很大程度上to one's taste合胃口to one's thinking據(jù)看來to one's heart's content盡情地to the utmost盡力behind schedule不準(zhǔn)時behind the times過時的behind the curtain在幕后within reach能力所及within ahair's breadth差-點within astone'

35、;s throw of在附近beyond description無法形容beyond reason毫無道理beyond reproach無可指責(zé)beyond one's expectation超出范圍beyond expression無法表達ing型由于、鑒，除了，除外與包含。之后，關(guān)于，在方面，有關(guān)介詞須記全。最后，英語中v.-ing分詞轉(zhuǎn)化而成的特殊介詞，更須注意，根據(jù)其語法功能，把它們同現(xiàn)在分詞，動名詞和連同區(qū)分開來。即：respecting由于,鑒于；considering由于,鑒于；excepting除了；concerning關(guān)于；excepting for除外；exclud

36、ing除外；without excepting sb.包含；including包括，包含；following在之后；regarding關(guān)于；respecting在方面；concerning有關(guān)；例：considering由于；Considering that table salt is the commonest source of sodium in food,the diet usually calls for eating salt-free foods.由于食鹽是鈉在食物中普遍的來源，醫(yī)生給病人規(guī)定的，飲食通常要求吃無鹽食品。respecting鑒于：Respecting the he

37、avy rain,we had to put off the match.鑒于下大雨，我們不得不推遲了這場比賽。excepting除了：excepting可單獨使用，可以與always或否定詞not連用，也可以與for,without之類介詞連用。Excepting one of his close friends,they were present at the party.除了他的一個摯友外，他們都來赴宴了。He is an honest man,excepting for his quick temper.他是個老實人，只是("除了"脾氣暴躁。(同類比較except，加for異類記心間)。Everybody is in high spirits,always excepting him.大家都情緒高昂，唯他"除外"(例外)。Only afew survivors without excepting him were living in the settlement.包括他在內(nèi)，只有幾個幸存者住在新拓居地。including包含：