非謂語(教師用)

1、12屆高三英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)語法非謂語動(dòng)詞（教師版）1、 非謂語動(dòng)詞的形式1. 不定式：_to do_ _to be done_ _to be doing_ _to have done_ _to have been done_2. 動(dòng)名詞：_doing_ _being done_ _having done_ _having been done_3. 分詞： 現(xiàn)在分詞 _ doing_ _ being done_ _having done_ _ having been done_ 過去分詞 _done_二、非謂語動(dòng)詞的句法功能 成分形式主語賓語賓語補(bǔ)足語表語定語狀語不定式動(dòng)名詞分詞三、非謂語動(dòng)詞的用法

2、要點(diǎn)1、不定式、分詞作定語的用法要點(diǎn)不定式例句：不定式用法：a).The car to be bought is for his sister.1. 不定式作定語表將來。b). She was the first woman to win the gold medal.2. 不定式用來修飾被序數(shù)詞、最高級(jí)或no, all, any等限定的中心詞。c). The Browns have a comfortable house to live in.d). He had no money and no place to live (in).3. 作定語的不定式如果是不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，不定式后須有相應(yīng)的

3、介詞。但是不定式所修飾的名詞如果是time, place 或 way 時(shí)不定式后面的介詞習(xí)慣上省去。e). Did you have anything to send?f). Did you have anything to be sent?4. e). 句中不定式to send的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者是 “你”。 f). 句中不定式to be sent 的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者是“我”或“別人”分詞例句：分詞用法a). The house being built are for the teachers.b). Things lost never come again!c). The tree standing o

4、ver there is old.1. 作定語的分詞形式為：doing, being done, done。當(dāng)被修飾的名詞與分詞為主動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，用doing, 當(dāng)被修飾的名詞與分詞為被動(dòng)關(guān)系且表正在進(jìn)行時(shí)，用being done, 當(dāng)被修飾的名詞與分詞為被動(dòng)關(guān)系且表完成時(shí)，用done.d). boiling / boiled water falling / fallen leaves2. 作定語的不及物動(dòng)詞分詞形式為 v-ing和過去分詞。v-ing表示正在進(jìn)行，過去分詞表示已經(jīng)完成。比較：e). Have you read the novel written by Dickens?f). Li

5、sten! The song being sung is very popular with the students.g). The question to be discussed at tomorrows meeting is a very important one.3. 作定語的done 表被動(dòng)，完成（e）；being done 表被動(dòng)，正在進(jìn)行(f)；to be done表被動(dòng)，將來(g)。2. 不定式、分詞作狀語的用法要點(diǎn)不定式例句：不定式用法：a). Helen had to shout to / in order to / so as to make herself hear

6、d above the sound of the music.1. 不定式作狀語表目的。b). He hurried to the station only to find that the train had left.2. 不定式作狀語表意外的結(jié)果。分詞例句：分詞用法：a). When offered help, one often says “Thank you.” or “Its kind of you.”b). Sepatated from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and an

7、imals not found in any other country in the world.c). Generally speaking, taken according to the directions, the drug has so side effect.d). Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake.e). Granny sat in an armchair, watching TV.f). He glanced over at her, noting that though she w

8、as tiny, she seemed very well put together.g). She came running.1. 分詞或分詞短語作狀語時(shí)，可以表示時(shí)間（a），原因 (b)，條件 (c)，讓步 (d)，伴隨 (e)，結(jié)果 (f) 和方式 (g)。2. 分詞作狀語的基本原則： 分詞作狀語時(shí)，分詞的邏輯主語必須與句子的主語保持一致。3. 分詞作狀語的形式及意義： 1). doing 與句中主語為邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系， 與句中謂語動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生； 2). being done 與句中主語為邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，與句中謂語同時(shí)發(fā)生； 3). having done 與句中主語為邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系

9、，先于謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生； 4). having been done 與句中主語為邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，先于謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生； 5). done 與句中主語為邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，先于謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生。h). Judging from his accent, he is from the 4. 總結(jié)常見的獨(dú)立成分：generally speaking,south. frankly speaking, judging from / byi). Considering your health, youd better have considering, takinginto consideration,a rest.

10、to tell you the truth, given 等。j). To tell you the truth, I am a little tired.k). The test finished(=When the test was finished), we began our holiday.l). Weather permitting(= If weather permits), we are going to visit you tomorrow.5. 非謂語動(dòng)詞在句中作狀語時(shí)，帶有自己的邏輯主語，叫做獨(dú)立主格。 構(gòu)成：名詞（代詞）+ 分詞 名詞（代詞）+ 不定式 名詞（代詞）+

11、形容詞 名詞（代詞）+ 副詞 名詞（代詞）+ 介詞短語3. 不定式、分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語的用法要點(diǎn)1). 感官動(dòng)詞加賓補(bǔ)例句：感官動(dòng)詞加賓補(bǔ)用法a). I heard her sing an English song just now.b). I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.c). I heard an English song being sung by a little girl when I passed by her room yesterday.d). Id like to s

12、ee the plan carried out.a). 主動(dòng)，完成。b). 主動(dòng)，正在進(jìn)行。c). 被動(dòng)，正在進(jìn)行。d). 被動(dòng)，無時(shí)間性 感官動(dòng)詞see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, notice, feel和使役動(dòng)詞have后面的賓補(bǔ)有兩種情況：（1）當(dāng)賓語與賓語補(bǔ)足語之間存在邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，需用動(dòng)詞原形及doing。動(dòng)詞原形表完成，doing表正在進(jìn)行。（2）當(dāng)賓語與賓語補(bǔ)足語之間存在邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，需用done及 being done。done表示完成或沒有一定的時(shí)間性，being done表正在進(jìn)行。 2). leave

13、 加賓補(bǔ)例句2). leave 加賓補(bǔ)用法a). Its wrong of you to leave the machine running.b). The guests left most of the dishes untouched, because they didnt taste delicious.c). He left, leaving me to do all the rest work.d). We hurried ended our meeting, leaving many problems to be settled. (1). leave sb. doing 讓某人一

14、直做某事（賓語與賓語補(bǔ)足語之間是邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行）(2). leave sth. undone 留下某事未做（賓語與賓語補(bǔ)足語之間是邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示被動(dòng)和完成），一般以u(píng)ndone, unfinished, unsettled, untouched為多。(3). leave sb. to do 留下某人做某事 不定式表將來的動(dòng)作 leave sth. to be done留下某事要做3). have, get加賓補(bǔ)例句3). have, get加賓補(bǔ)用法a). Ill have/ get my bike repaired tomorrow.b). Tom had his

15、 leg broken while playing football. Mr. Smith had his house broken into while he was away on holiday.c). The captain got the soldiers moving toward the front after a short rest. The captain had the soldiers moving toward the front for a long time.d). Mother had me go / got me to go to the shop and b

16、uy some salt.(1). have sth. done = get sth. done 使/讓某事由別人去做 (a)(2). have sth. done 還可表示“使遭受”之意 (b)(3). have sb / sth doing讓某人/物持續(xù)做(c) get sb / sth doing使某人/物開始做(4). have sb. do sth. = get sb. to do sth. 使/讓某人去做某事 (d)4). catch +賓語 + doing例句4). catch +賓語 +doing用法The police caught him stealing a car.當(dāng)場(chǎng)

17、抓?。橙苏谧鰤氖拢?). send + 賓語+ doing例句5). send + 賓語+ doing用法The explosion sent glass flying everywhere.使迅速地，失控地移動(dòng)4. 不定式、動(dòng)名詞作賓語的用法要點(diǎn)不定式作賓語不定式作賓語用法1). 總結(jié)動(dòng)詞只能用不定式作賓語1). decide / determine, learn, want, expect / hope / wish, refuse, manage, care, pretend, offer, promise, choose, plan, agree, ask / beg, help,

18、 afford, happen, threaten 2). a). He showed us how to do the work. (=He showed us how we should do the work.) b). I dont know what to do. (= I dont know what I should do.) 不定式作動(dòng)詞tell, know, understand, explain, teach, learn, advise, discuss, ask, decide, wonder, find out 等的賓語時(shí)， 前面常帶引導(dǎo)詞how, what, whe

19、ther, where, when, who等。注意：此用法中的不定式的邏輯主語需與主句的主語或賓語保持一致，否則用賓語從句。動(dòng)名詞作賓語動(dòng)名詞作賓語用法1）總結(jié)動(dòng)詞只能用動(dòng)名詞作賓語1）consider, suggest / advise, excuse, pardon, admit, delay, avoid, miss, keep, practice, deny, finish, enjoy / appreciate, forbid, allow / permit, imagine, risk, mind, escape等2). 總結(jié)動(dòng)詞短語只能用動(dòng)名詞作賓語2). be used to

20、, lead to, devote to, stick to, object to, get down to, pay attention to, cant stand等3). 總結(jié)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語既能用動(dòng)名詞作賓語又能用不定式作賓語，但意義上有區(qū)別。3). to do 忘記要做某事forget doing 忘記已經(jīng)做過某事 to do 記住要做某事remember doing 記住已經(jīng)做過某事 to do遺憾要做某事regret doing遺憾已經(jīng)做過某事 to do停下來去做另一件事stop doing 停止做某事 to do努力做某事try doing 嘗試做某事 to do打算做某事me

21、an doing 意味著做某事 to do （做完某事）接著做另一件事go on doing （=go on with sth.）繼續(xù)做同一件事 (to) do sth.不能幫助做某事cant help doing sth.情不自禁做某事4）The window needs / requires / wants cleaning / to be cleaned. doing need / require / want 需要 to be done worth visiting5）This place is to be visited worthy a visitof being visited5）worth + doing / 名詞 to be done worthy 名詞 of being done四. 非謂語動(dòng)詞?？键c(diǎn)1）This book is difficult to understand. 1).