大學英語四級語法復習重點_第1頁
大學英語四級語法復習重點_第2頁
大學英語四級語法復習重點_第3頁
大學英語四級語法復習重點_第4頁
大學英語四級語法復習重點_第5頁
已閱讀5頁,還剩29頁未讀, 繼續(xù)免費閱讀

下載本文檔

版權說明:本文檔由用戶提供并上傳,收益歸屬內容提供方,若內容存在侵權,請進行舉報或認領

文檔簡介

1、大學英語四級語法復習1、動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài) 閱讀時時注意上下文的情景。大綱要求的八種常用時態(tài)都有可能成為考查對象,再此基礎上重點關注:進行時、完成時和完成進行時。同時注意如Hardlywhen等經??疾榈谋硎緯r間的固定句式。 2、非謂語動詞(1)牢記哪些動詞后的賓語只能是不定式、動名詞,哪些二者兼可。(2)分詞和不定式做賓補的區(qū)別。 (3)分詞作狀語。 3、情態(tài)動詞與虛擬語氣 依舊會受到命題人的青睞。虛擬語氣是難點但不是重點,重點注意其在非真實條件句和名詞性從句的使用。 4、定語從句和名詞性從句 定語從句:近五年必考。注意點:關系代詞和關系副詞的區(qū)別,as和which的區(qū)別,限制性和非限制性定語

2、從句的區(qū)別、定語從句和同位語從句的區(qū)別。注意名詞性從句引導詞的選擇和語序。 5、狀語從句 重點關注in case, unless等連詞引導的條件狀語從句。注意:while, when, until, notuntil, before, since引導的時間狀語從句。同時關注:目的和結果狀語從句。 6、特殊句式 特殊句式注意倒裝句、強調句、反意疑問句、祈使句和省略句。英語四級復習技巧詳解完形填空綜合全文,著眼細節(jié)1對于首句應該給與足夠的重視,因為往往它就是中心句或是引導句,它的時態(tài)往往決定了全文的時態(tài),所以多花一點時間看首句是值得的。2然后以句子為單位一句一句地讀,一句一句地填空,主要考慮語法、

3、句意、邏輯和上下文聯系。暫時填不出來的就空在那里。3最后通讀一遍,完成沒有填的空,再看看填的順不順,不順的地方大膽修改。寫作借助閱讀善打草稿寫作文時要放松情緒,消除恐懼感,必要時可借助深呼吸來緩解緊張的心情。試卷一、二(作文在試卷2)同時發(fā)下來,應在做完聽力部分后,迅速地看一下作文題,讓其在大腦中留有一席之地,這樣便于在做詞匯、閱讀時隨時發(fā)現寫作可借用的詞匯句型而不至于在寫作時,大腦一片空白,無從下手。作文無非就考一下記敘文和說明文,偶爾會考寫信圖*考試&大表作文等,但這些都歸于記敘文和說明文兩大類,這兩類能寫了就不怕什么題材了。考試之前自己準備作文的大框架,比如說,大結構為總分總,總

4、分等等,漂亮的連詞要用進去。一定要認真審題,弄清文章及各段主題,實現由提綱到主題句的轉換??梢源蛞幌虏莞澹簲[事實,理清思路,從易于表達,且論證豐富的觀點入手,不局限于一種看法、一種表達法或一種句式。具體寫作時最好分段來寫,各段之間空二至三行,以利于隨時增減或刪改。而且字跡要工整,卷面要保持清潔,給判卷人一個好印象。寫完后仔細檢查作文中用詞、句法方面有無不準確的地方;句式有無變化;句與句之間,段與段之間有無合適的連接及過渡等注意 :1 作文和選擇是分開齊的,所以一定要先涂卡,再寫作文,否則提前半個小時齊選擇題卡的時候很倉促.2 最重要的一點,在考試前一個月,把前10次的考試題目集中做一遍,卷紙大

5、同小異,思路,方法,包括很多知識點總是反復出現,一定是有用的.一定不能不做.有時間的話應該至少做3遍.最后一個具體的建議,目前,每周做兩套聽力,一天一篇真題閱讀(不能超過10分鐘),一周一篇寫作.等到離考試還有20天,每天做一套真題,循環(huán)做2次,正好可以做兩遍.做題目贏E幣,每日一練日積月累,【翻譯】大學英語四級考試翻譯的復習與應試翻譯是一門藝術, 同時又是一種實踐。它是對英語綜合能力的考查,沒有一定的英語基本功,要想在這部分得到高的分數是不可能的。但是,具有了一定的英語基礎,并不等于具有較高的翻譯能力。因此在學習和復習時掌握一些翻譯的基本常識和一些常用方法, 針對考試中經常出現的一些語言現象

6、, 仔細分析一些翻譯實例, 總結出一些規(guī)律性的東西, 再加以必要的練習, 對考生來說是非常必要的,而且在短時間內提高自己在該部分的得分是完全有可能的。一、試題與考生應試情況分析       通過考試試題的分析,我們發(fā)現英譯漢試題中的英文句子大致有以下三個特點:      1. 句子較長,其中包括定語從句、狀語從句等從屬結構,致使句子結構復雜,意思不容易把握。      2. 句子雖然不長,但其中包含著較難理解的詞、詞組或短語,尤其是一些表示抽象意

7、義的詞,另外,句子中往往含有比較復雜的語法現象。      3考查的翻譯技巧主要包括:       (1) 定語從句的譯法;       (2) 被動語態(tài)的處理;       (3) 長句的處理等等。形容詞和副詞比較等級:形容詞和副詞的比較等級分為原級,比較級和最高級。比較級和最高級的構成一般是在形容詞和副詞后加-er和-est,多音節(jié)和一些雙音節(jié)詞前加more 和most。1. 同級比較時常常用

8、 asas以及not so(as)as如:I am not so good a player as you are.2. 可以修飾比較級的詞有:much, many, a lot, even, far, a bit, a little, still, yet, by far, any, a great deal。3. 表示一方隨另一方變化時用“the morethe more”句型。如:The harder you work, the more progress you will make.4. 用比較級來表達最高級的意思。如:I have never spent a more worryin

9、g day.5. 表示倍數的比較級有如下幾種句型:Our school is three times larger than yours./Our school is four times as large as yours./Our school is four times the size of yours. 6. 表示“最高程度“的形容詞沒有最高級和比較級。如:favourite, excellent, extreme, perfect。介詞I. 介詞分類:1 簡單介詞 about, across, after, against, among, around, at, below, be

10、yond, during, in, on 2 合成介詞 inside, into, onto, out of, outside, throughout, upon, within, without 3 短語介詞 according to, because of, instead of, up to, due to, owing to, thanks to 4 雙重介詞 from among, from behind, from under, till after, in between 5 分詞轉化成的介詞 considering(就而論), including 6 形容詞轉化成的介詞 lik

11、e, unlike, near, next, oppositeII. 常用介詞區(qū)別:1 表示時間的in, on, at at表示片刻的時間,in表示一段的時間,on總是與日子有關 2 表示時間的since, from since 指從過去到現在的一段時間,和完成時連用,from指從時間的某一點開始 3 表示時間的in, after in指在一段時間之后,after表示某一具體時間點之后或用在過去時的一段時間中 4 表示地理位置的in, on, to in表示在某范圍內,on指與什么毗鄰,to指在某環(huán)境范圍之外 5 表示“在上”的on, in on只表示在某物的表面上,in表示占去某物一部分 6

12、 表示“穿過”的through, across through表示從內部通過,與in有關,across表示在表面上通過,與on有關 7 表示“關于”的about, on about指涉及到,on指專門論述 8 between與among的區(qū)別 between表示在兩者之間,among用于三者或三者以上的中間 9 besides與except的區(qū)別 besides指“除了還有再加上”,except指“除了,減去什么”,不放在句首 10 表示“用”的in, with with表示具體的工具,in表示材料,方式,方法,度量,單位,語言,聲音 11 as與like的區(qū)別 as意為“作為,以地位或身份”

13、,like為“象一樣”,指情形相似 12 in與into區(qū)別 in通常表示位置(靜態(tài)),into表示動向,不表示目的地或位置動詞I. 動詞的時態(tài):1. 動詞的時態(tài)一共有16種,以ask為例,將其各種時態(tài)的構成形式列表如下:現在時 過去時 將來時 過去將來時 一般 ask / asks asked shall/will ask should/would ask 進行 am/is/are asking was/were asking shall/will be asking should/would be asking 完成 have/has asked had asked shall/will

14、have asked should/would have asked 完成進行 have/has been asking had been asking shall/will have been asking should/would have been asking2. 現在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別:1) 現在完成時表示過去發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀況,但和現在有聯系,強調的是對現在造成的影響或結果,它不能同表示過去的時間狀語連用,漢譯英時可加“已經”等詞。簡言之,利用過去,說明現在。如:I have already read the novel written by the world-famo

15、us writer. (已經看過,且了解這本書的內容)2) 一般過去時只表示過去發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài),和現在無關,它可和表示過去的時間狀語連用,漢譯英時可加“過”,“了”等詞。簡言之,僅談過去,不關現在。如:I read the novel last month. (只說明上個月看了,不涉及現在是否記住)I lived in Beijing for ten years.(只說明在北京住過十年,與現在無關)3. 現在完成時與現在完成進行時的區(qū)別:兩者都可以表示“從過去開始一直持續(xù)到現在”,在含義上如著重表示動作的結果時,多用現在完成時,如著重表示動作一直在進行,即動作的延續(xù)性時,則多用現在完成進行時

16、。一般不能用于進行時的動詞也不能用于現在完成進行時。I have read that book.我讀過那本書了。 I have been reading that book all the morning. 我早上一直在讀那本書。4. 一般將來時的表達方式:將來時 用法 例句 1 will/shall+動詞原形 表示將來發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài) My sister will be ten next year. 2 be going to+動詞原形 含有“打算,計劃,即將”做某事,或表示很有可能要發(fā)生某事 Its going to clear up.Were going to have a par

17、ty tonight. 3 be + doing 進行時表示將來 go, come, start, move, leave, arrive等詞可用進行時表示按計劃即將發(fā)生的動作 He is moving to the south.Are they leaving for Europe? 4 be about to + 動詞原形 表示安排或計劃中的馬上就要發(fā)生的動作,后面一般不跟時間狀語 I was about to leave when the bell rang.The meeting is about to close. 5 be to + 動詞原形 表示按計劃進行或征求對方意見 Were

18、 to meet at the school gate at noon. 6 一般現在時表示將來 時刻表上或日程安排上早就定好的事情,可用一般現在時表示將來 The meeting starts at five oclock.The plane leaves at ten this evening.II. 動詞的被動語態(tài):常用被動語態(tài) 構成 常用被動語態(tài) 構成 1 一般現在時 am/is/are asked 6 過去進行時 was/were being asked 2 一般過去時 was/were asked 7 現在完成時 have/has been asked 3 一般將來時 shall/

19、will be asked 8 過去完成時 had been asked 4 過去將來時 should/would be asked 9 將來完成時 will/would have been asked 5 現在進行時am/is/are being asked 10含有情態(tài)動詞的 can/must/may be asked注意事項:被動語態(tài)的否定式是在第一個助動詞或情態(tài)動詞后加not,短語動詞的被動態(tài)不可漏掉其中介副詞。固定結構begoing to, used to, have to, had better變?yōu)楸粍討B(tài)時,只需將其后的動詞變?yōu)楸粍討B(tài)。 如:Trees should not be

20、planted in summer. / The boy was made fun of by his classmates.Newspapers used to be sent here by the little girl. 漢語有一類句子不出現主語,在英語中一般可用被動結構表示。如:It is believed that It is generally considered that It is said thatIt is well known that It must be pointed out that It is supposed thatIt is reported that

21、 It must be admitted that It is hoped that 下面主動形式常表示被動意義:如:The window wants/needs/requires repairing. The book is worth reading twice.The door wont shut. / The play wont act. The clothes washes well. / The book sells well.The dish tastes delicious. / Water feels very cold. 下面詞或短語沒有被動態(tài):leave, enter,

22、reach, become, benefit, cost, equal, contain, last, lack, fit, fail, have, appear, happen, occur, belong to, take place, break out, come about, agree with, keep up with, consist of, have on, lose heart等等情態(tài)動詞I. 情態(tài)動詞基本用法:情態(tài)動詞 用法 否定式 疑問式與簡答 can 能力(體力,智力,技能)允許或許可(口語中常用)可能性(表猜測,用于否定句或疑問句中) can not / cann

23、ot /cant do Cando?Yes,can.No,cant. could couldnt do may 可以(問句中表示請求)可能,或許(表推測)祝愿(用于倒裝句中) may not do Maydo? Yes,may.No,mustnt/cant. might might not do Mightdo? Yes,mightNo,might not. must 必須,應該(表主觀要求)肯定,想必(肯定句中表推測) must not/mustnt do Mustdo? Yes,must.No,neednt/dont have to. have to 只好,不得不(客觀的必須,有時態(tài)人稱變

24、化) dont have to do Dohave to do?Yes,do. No,dont. ought to 應當(表示義務責任,口語中多用should ought not to/oughtnt to do Oughtto do?Yes,ought. No,oughtnt. shall 將要,會用于一三人稱征求對方意見用于二三人稱表示許諾、命令、警告、威脅等 shall not/shant do Shalldo?Yes,shall. No,shant. should 應當,應該(表義務責任)本該(含有責備意味) should not/shouldnt do Shoulddo? will

25、意愿,決心請求,建議,用在問句中would比較委婉 will not/wont do Willdo?Yes,will. No,wont. would would not/wouldnt do dare 敢(常用于否定句和疑問句中) dare not/darent do Daredo?Yes,dare. No,darent. need 需要必須(常用于否定句和疑問句中) need not/neednt do Needdo?Yes,must. No,neednt. used to 過去常常(現在已不再) used not/usednt/usent to dodidnt use to do Used

26、to do?Yes,used. No,use(d)nt.Diduse to do?Yes,did. No,didnt.II. 情態(tài)動詞must, may, might, could, can表示推測:以must為例。must + do(be)是推測現在存在的一般狀態(tài)進行;must + be doing 推測可能正在進行的事情;must +have done是推測可能已經發(fā)生過的事情。1. must“肯定,一定”語氣強,只用于肯定句中。He must be a man from America. / He must be talking with his friend. / He must ha

27、ve already arrived there.2. may和might“也許”,后者語氣弱,更沒有把握。可用于肯定句和否定句。He may not be at home. / They might have finished their task. 3. can和could“可能”,could表示可疑的可能性,不及cant語氣強,用于肯定、否定、疑問句中。The weather in that city could be cold now.We could have walked there; it was so near.(推測某事本來可能發(fā)生,但實際上沒有發(fā)生)Can he be in

28、 the office now? No, he cant be there, for I saw him in the library justnow.(語氣很強,常用于疑問句和否定句中)III. 情態(tài)動詞注意點:1. can和be able to: 都可以表示能力。但be able to可以表達“某事終于成功”,而can無法表達此意。Be able to有更多的時態(tài)。另外,兩者不能重疊使用。2. used to和would: used to表示過去常常做現在已經不再有的習慣,而would只表示過去的習慣或喜好,不涉及現在。3. need和dare作情態(tài)動詞和實義動詞的區(qū)別:兩者作情態(tài)動詞時常

29、用于否定句和疑問句。其形式為:neednt/darent do;Need/daredo?做實義動詞時可用于肯定句,否定句和疑問句。其形式為:need(needs/needed)/dare(dares/dared) to do, dont(doesnt/didnt) need/dare to do非謂語動詞I. 非謂語動詞的分類、意義及構成:非謂語形式 構成 特征和作用 時態(tài)和語態(tài) 否定式 復合結構 不定式 to doto be doing to have done to be doneto have been done 在非謂語前加not for sb. to do sth. 具有名詞,副詞和

30、形容詞的作用在句中做主、賓、定、表和狀語 分詞 現在分詞 doinghaving done being donehaving been done 具有副詞和形容詞的作用在句中做定、表、賓補和狀語 過去分詞 done 動名詞 doinghaving done being donehaving been done sbs doing 具有名詞的作用在句中做主、賓、定和表語II. 做賓語的非謂語動詞比較:只接不定式做賓語的動詞 hope, want, offer, long, fail, expect, wish, ask, decide, pretend, manage, agree, affor

31、d, determine, promise, happen 只接動名詞做賓語的動詞或短語 mind, miss, enjoy, imagine, practise, suggest, finish, escape, excuse, appreciate, admit, prevent, keep, dislike, avoid, risk, resist, consider cant help, feel like, succeed in, be fond of, object to, get down to, be engaged in, insist on, think of, be pr

32、oud of, take pride in, set about, be afraid of, be tired of, look forward to, devote oneself to, be worth, be busy, pay attention to, stick to 兩者都可以 意義基本相同 begin, start, like, love, hate, prefer, continue(接不定式多指具體的動作,接動名詞多指一般或習慣行為) need, want, require(接動名詞主動形式表示被動意義,若接不定式則應用被動形式) 意義相反 stop to do 停止手

33、中事,去做另一件事stop doing 停止正在做的事 意義不同 remember/forget/regret to do(指動作尚未發(fā)生)remember/forget/regret doing(指動作已經發(fā)生) go on to do(接著做另外一件事)go on doing(接著做同一件事) try to do(設法,努力去做,盡力)try doing(試試去做,看有何結果) mean to do(打算做,企圖做)mean doing (意識是,意味著) cant help to do(不能幫忙做) cant help doing(忍不住要做)III.非謂語動詞做賓語補足語的區(qū)別:常見動

34、詞 與賓語的邏輯關系及時間概念 例句 不定式 ask, beg, expect, get, order, tell, want, wish, encourage 主謂關系。強調動作將發(fā)生或已經完成 I heard him call me several times. have, notice, see, watch, hear, feel, let, make 現在分詞 notice, see, watch, hear, find, keep, have, feel 主謂關系。強調動作正在進行,尚未完成 I found her listening to the radio. 過去分詞 動賓關系

35、。動作已經完成,多強調狀態(tài) We found the village greatly changed.IV. 非謂語動詞做定語的區(qū)別:不定式 與被修飾詞往往有動賓關系,一般式表示將來,進行式表示與謂語動作同時發(fā)生,完成式表示在謂語動詞之前發(fā)生 I have a lot of papers to type.I have a lot of papers to be typed. 動名詞 通常指被修飾詞的用途,無邏輯上的任何關系 Shall we go to the swimming pool? 現在分詞 與被修飾詞之間是主謂關系,表示動作與謂語動作同時發(fā)生 the boiling water /

36、the boiled waterthe developing country/the developed countrythe falling leaves / the fallen leaves 過去分詞 與被修飾詞之間是被動關系,表示動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前,現已經完成V. 非謂語動詞做主語和表語的區(qū)別:不定式 多表示一個特定的具體的將來的動作,做主語時可以借助于it把不定式移到句子后面。做表語有時可和主語交換位置,而且意義不變,并且還能用what來提問主語或表語。 My dream is to become a teacher.To obey the law is important. (

37、dream, business, wish, idea, plan, duty, task做主語時常用) 動名詞 與不定式的功能區(qū)別不大,然而它更接近于名詞,表示的動作比較抽象,或者泛指習慣性的動作,有時也可以用it做形式主語,做表語時可以和主語互換位置。 It is no use saying that again and again.Teaching is my job. 分詞 無名詞的性質,不能做主語。但是有形容詞的性質,可以做表語,多表明主語的特征性質或者狀態(tài)等,可被very, quite, rather等副詞修飾?,F在分詞多含有“令人, , ”之意,說明主語的性質特征,多表示主動,主

38、語多為物。過去分詞一般表示被動或主語所處的狀態(tài),含有“感到”之意,主語多是人。 The situation is encouraging.The book is well written.(常見分詞有astonishing, moving, tiring, disappointing, puzzling, shocking, boring, amusing及其-ed形式)定語從句I. 定語從句起了形容詞的作用,在句中修飾一個名詞或代詞。被修飾的詞叫做先行詞,引導定語從句的詞叫關系詞,他的作用一是放在先行詞與定語從句中間起了連接作用,二是在從句中擔當一個成分,并與先行詞保持數的一致。關系代詞 w

39、ho 人 主語 Do you know the man who is talking with your mother? whom, which和that在從句中做賓語時,常可以省略,但介詞提前時后面關系代詞不能省略,也不可以用that whom 人 賓語 Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am workingThe boy (whom) she loved died in the war. whose 人,物 定語 I like those books whose topics are about history.The boy whose father

40、 works abroad is my deskmate. that 人,物 主語,賓語 A plane is a machine that can fly.She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much. which 物 主語,賓語 The book (which) I gave you was worth $10.The picture which was about the accident was terrible. as 人,物 主語,賓語 He is such a person as is respected by all of

41、 us.This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. as做賓語一般不省略 關系副詞 when 時間 時間狀語 I will never forget the day when we met there. 可用on which where 地點 地點狀語 This is the house where I was born. 可用in which why 原因 原因狀語 I cant imagine the reason why he turned down my offer. 可用for whichII. that與which, who, whom的用法

42、區(qū)別:只用that的情況 1 先行詞為all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much,等不定代詞時。2 先行詞被all, any, every, each, much, little, no, some, few等修飾時3 先行詞有形容詞最高級和序數詞修飾時4 先行詞既指人又指物時5 先行詞被the only, the very修飾時6 句中已經有who或which時,為了避免重復時 1.He told me everything that he knows.2.All the books that you offered has been g

43、iven out.3.This is the best film that I have ever read.4.We talked about the persons and things that we remembered.5.He is the only man that I want to see.6.Who is the man that is making a speech? 只用which, who, whom的情況 1 在非限制性定語從句中,只能用which指代物,用who/whom指人2 在由“介詞+關系代詞”引導的定語從句中,只能用which指物,whom指人。3 先行詞

44、本身是that時,關系詞用which, 先行詞為those, one, he時多用who。He has a son, who has gone abroad for further study.I like the person to whom the teacher is talking.Those who respect others are usually respected by others.III. as與which的區(qū)別:定語從句 區(qū)別 例句 限制性定語從句中 名詞前有such和the same修飾時,關系代詞用as,不能用which He is not such a fool

45、as he looks.Dont read such books as you cant understand. 非限制性定語從句中 as和which都可以指代前面整個主句。如果有“正如,象”的含義,并可以放在主句前,也可以放在后面,那么用as;而which引導的從句只能放主句后,并無“正如”的意思。 They won the game, as we had expected.They won the game, which we hadnt expected.As is well known, he is a famous film star in the 1980s.IV. 限制性定語從句

46、與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別:限制性定語從句 對先行詞起修飾限制作用,如果去掉,主句意思就不完整明確,這種從句與主句的關系十分密切,寫時不用逗號分開。 The accident happened at the time when I left. 非限制性定語從句 對先行詞作附加的說明,與主句的關系不十分密切,較松散。從句和主句之間用逗號分開,相當于一個插入語,不能用that引導,關系代詞做賓語時也不能省略。 His mother, whom he loved deeply, died ten years ago.名詞性從句主語從句 在復合句中做主語,相當于名詞,一般置謂語之前,也可用it作形式主語

47、,主語從句放主句之后 that, whether, if, as if, as though, who, whose, which, how, when, where, why, what, whatever, whoever, wherever Whether he will come or not doesnt matter much.Whoever comes here will be welcome. 表語從句 在復合句中做表語,相當于名詞,位于系動詞之后 It looks as if it is going to snow. 賓語從句 在復合句中做賓語,相當于名詞 He asked

48、me which team could win the game. 同位語從句 放在名詞之后(news, problem, idea, suggestion, advice, thought, hope, fact等) 表明其具體內容 You have no idea how worried we are.The fact that he lied again greatly surprised us.狀語從句時間狀語 when, whenever, while, as, before, after, until, till, by the time, as soon as, hardlywh

49、en, no soonerthan, the moment, the minute, immediately, directly, instantly 主句表示將來意義時,從句須用一般現在時;while引導的從句中動詞一般是延續(xù)性的;until用在肯定句中主句動詞是延續(xù)性的,而否定句中主句動詞為短暫性的。 地點狀語 where, wherever 原因狀語 because, as, since, now that because語氣最強,since較弱,表示大家都明了的原因,as又次之。 條件狀語 if, unless, once, in case, as long as, on condit

50、ion that 從句中動詞時態(tài)不可用將來時,常用一般時代替 目的狀語 so that, in order that, for fear that so that和in order that后常接may, should, could, would等情態(tài)動詞 結果狀語 sothat, suchthat 比較狀語 than, asas, not so/asas, the morethe more 方式狀語 as if, as though, as as if 和as though引導的從句一般用虛擬語氣。 讓步狀語 though, although, even if, even though, a

51、s, no matter what, whatever, no matter who, whoever, no matter which, whichever, no matter how, however, no matter when, whenever as在讓步狀語從句中常用倒裝形式;although和though用正常語序,可和yet連用,但不可和but連用倒裝句種類 倒裝條件 例句 完全倒裝 here, there, up, down, in, out, off, away等副詞開頭的句子表示強調 Out rushed the children. 表示地點的介詞短語作狀語位于句首

52、Under the tree stood two tables and four chairs. 強調表語,置于句首,或為保持句子平衡 Present at the meeting were 1,000 students. 部分倒裝 never, hardly, scarcely, seldom, little, not until, not等表示否定意義的副詞放于句首 Hardly did I know what had happened. only和修飾的狀語放于句首 Only then did he realized the importance of English. not only

53、but also連接并列的句子,前倒后不倒 Not only does he know French, but also he is expert at it. neithernor連接并列的句子,前后都倒裝 Neither do I know it, nor do I care about it. sothat, suchthat中的so或such及修飾的成分放于句首時前倒后不倒 So busy is he that he can not go on a holiday. as引導的讓步狀語 Child as he is, he has learned a lot. so, neither或

54、nor表示前句內容也適用于另外的人或事。 He can play the piano. So can i. 用于表示祝愿的祈使句中 May you be in good health! 省略if的虛擬條件 Were I you, I would not do it in this way.虛擬語氣類別 用法 例句 If引導的條件從句 與現在事實相反 從句動詞:過去式(be用were)主句動詞:should/would/could/might+動詞原形 If he were here, he would help us. 與過去事實相反 從句動詞:had+過去分詞主句動詞:should/woul

55、d/could/might+have+過去分詞 If I had been free, I would have visited you. 與將來事實相反 從句動詞:過去式 / should+動詞原形 / were+不定式主句動詞should/would/could/might+動詞原形 If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go camping. 其它狀語從句 as if引導的狀語從句中動詞用過去式或過去完成式 They are talking as if they had been friends for years. in order that

56、 / so that引導的狀語從句中動詞用can / could / may / might / would等+動詞原形 Turn on the light so that we can see it clearly. 賓語從句 demand, suggest, order, insist后接的從句中動詞為should+動詞原形 He suggested that we not change our mind. wish后的從句中分別用過去式,過去完成式和should/would+動詞原形表示與現在,過去和將來情況相反 I wish I could be a pop singer.主語從句 在

57、It is necessary / important / strange that, It is suggested / demanded / ordered / requested that 等從句中,謂語動詞用should+動詞原形 It is strange that such a person should be our friends. 其它句型中 It is time that句型中動詞用過去式或should+動詞原形 Its high time that we left. would rather所接的從句中動詞用過去式或者過去完成式 I would rather you stayed at home now. If only句型

溫馨提示

  • 1. 本站所有資源如無特殊說明,都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
  • 2. 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等,如果需要附件,請聯系上傳者。文件的所有權益歸上傳用戶所有。
  • 3. 本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙,網頁內容里面會有圖紙預覽,若沒有圖紙預覽就沒有圖紙。
  • 4. 未經權益所有人同意不得將文件中的內容挪作商業(yè)或盈利用途。
  • 5. 人人文庫網僅提供信息存儲空間,僅對用戶上傳內容的表現方式做保護處理,對用戶上傳分享的文檔內容本身不做任何修改或編輯,并不能對任何下載內容負責。
  • 6. 下載文件中如有侵權或不適當內容,請與我們聯系,我們立即糾正。
  • 7. 本站不保證下載資源的準確性、安全性和完整性, 同時也不承擔用戶因使用這些下載資源對自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。

評論

0/150

提交評論