英漢管道工程技術(shù)詞匯測繪工程

1、通綜-L03A,a第二十章工程測繪陡坡橫坐標(biāo)橫坐標(biāo)軸絕對精度絕對高度絕對航高橋墩累積誤差精度評估，精度檢驗(yàn)平面控制精度abruptslopeabscissaabscissaaxisabsoluteaccuracy,absoluteprecisionabsolutealtitudeabsoluteflyingheightabutmentaccumulationoferroraccuracyassessmentaccuracyforhorizontalcontrolaccuracyofangleaccuracyofnetworkaccuracyofrangingaccuracyrectificat

2、ionacousticsounderactualareaactualdistanceadit(entrance)ofthetunneladjacentflightlineadjustedvalueadjustmentadjustmentofobservationsadjustmentoftraverseaerialdigitalcameraaerialimageaerialphotogrammetryaerialstripsurveyaerialtopographicmapaerialtriangulationaerialtriangulationblockaffinerectificatio

3、naidtonavigationairbaseairbornelasermappingalignmentsheetalignmentsurveyalmanacatlasinformationsystem角度精度控制網(wǎng)精度測距精度精糾正回聲測聲器，回聲探測器實(shí)際面積，有效面積實(shí)際距離隧道入口相鄰航線平差值平差，校正測量平差導(dǎo)線平差航空數(shù)碼相機(jī)航空影像航空攝影測量學(xué)航線測量航測地形圖空中三角測量空中三角測量模型仿射糾正航標(biāo)航攝基線機(jī)載激光測圖線路圖定線測量歷書，概略星歷地圖集信息系統(tǒng)測高儀高程點(diǎn)高度，地平維度高度角高度改正模擬空中三角測量解析空中三角測量解析測圖儀導(dǎo)線角度閉合差偏角，磁偏角航偏角角

4、度距離交會調(diào)繪；注記接收機(jī)天線天線相位中心抗干擾近似坐標(biāo)建筑平面圖面狀符號人造地球衛(wèi)星竣工測量投影中心假定坐標(biāo)系天文大地網(wǎng)地圖集大氣改正姿態(tài)姿態(tài)參數(shù)altimeteraltimetricpointaltitudealtitudeanglealtitudecorrectionanalogaerotriangulationanalyticalaerialtriangulationanalyticalplotterangleclosingerroroftraverseangleofdeviationangleofdriftangularordistanceintersectionannotation

5、antennaantennaphasecenteranti-jammingapproximatecoordinatesarchitecturalplanareasymbolartificialearthsatelliteas-builtsurveyaspectofprojectionassumedcoordinatesystemastrogeodeticnetworkatlasatmosphericcorrectionattitudeattitudeparameterattributedata屬性數(shù)據(jù)automatedcartographicsystem自動制圖系統(tǒng)averageerror平均

6、誤差averageerrorinaltitude高度平均誤差averageerrorinposition位置平均誤差azimuth方位角azimuthofphotograph像片方位角B,bbacksight(BS)后視basepoint基點(diǎn)basestation基準(zhǔn)站base-heightratio基局比baseline基線basicnetwork基本控制網(wǎng)basicscale基本比例尺bathymetry測深bearing方位bearingcalibration方位校準(zhǔn)benchmarkdescription水準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)之記benchmark(BM)水準(zhǔn)基點(diǎn)blockadjustment區(qū)域網(wǎng)平

7、差border圖廓，邊緣，界線borderinformation圖廓注記boreholepositionsurvey鉆孔位置測量bracket支架bridgesurvey橋梁測量水準(zhǔn)器，氣泡水準(zhǔn)氣泡偏差光束法平差機(jī)助地圖制圖地籍圖地籍管理檢校，校準(zhǔn)，標(biāo)定計(jì)算機(jī)輔助測圖相機(jī)檢校載波相位測量笛卡爾坐標(biāo)系制圖儀地圖注記地圖地物地圖學(xué)中線測量圖幅中心對中誤差氣泡居中對中桿中線中央子午線中心投影重心海圖bubblebubbleoffsetbundleadjustmentC,cCACcadastralmapcadastralsurveymanagementcalibrationCAMcameracalib

8、rationcarrierphasemeasurement'Cartesiancoordinatesystemcartographcartographicannotationcartographicfeaturecartography,cartologycenterlinesurveycenterofsheetcenteringerrorcenteringofbubblecenteringrodcentrallinecentralmeridiancentralprojectioncenterofgravitychartcollimation markcolor absorbercomp

9、asscompass declination, magnetic declinationcondition adjustmentconfidencechartletteringchartscalecircuitclosurecircularbubbleclassificationclosedloopclosedlooptraverseclosedtraverseclose-rangephotogrammetryclosingerrorcoastlinesurveycoastalsurveyconnectingtraverseconstructioncontrolnetworkconstruct

10、iondetailconstructionlayoutconstructionsurveycontinuousobservationcontourcontourintervalcontourlabelcontrolnetwork海圖標(biāo)記海圖比例尺環(huán)線閉合差圓水準(zhǔn)器分類閉合環(huán)線閉合環(huán)導(dǎo)線閉合導(dǎo)線近景攝影測量閉合差岸線測量沿岸測量，沿海測量框標(biāo)濾光鏡，濾光片，消色器羅盤磁偏角條件平差置信度附和導(dǎo)線施工控制網(wǎng)施工詳圖施工放樣施工測量連續(xù)觀測等高線等高距等高線標(biāo)注控制網(wǎng)變形觀測控制網(wǎng)控制點(diǎn)控制測量控制點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)坐標(biāo)坐標(biāo)平差坐標(biāo)軸坐標(biāo)變換坐標(biāo)系坐標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)換變形改正方向改正視差改正傾角改正相關(guān)系數(shù)相關(guān)配準(zhǔn)同名核線

11、同名像點(diǎn)路線，路程，航線圖層山脊臨界值十字絲，十字瞄準(zhǔn)線橫斷面圖橫斷面測量地物符號，人工建筑符號曲率controlnetworkfordeformationobservationcontrolpointcontrolsurveycontrolpointcoordinate(s)coordinatecoordinateadjustmentcoordinateaxiscoordinateconversioncoordinatesystemcoordinatetransformationcorrectionfordeformationcorrectionfordirectioncorrectionf

12、orparallaxcorrectionfortiltanglecorrelationcoefficientcorrelationregistrationcorrespondingepipolarlinecorrespondingimagepointscoursecoveragecrestcriticalvaluecrosshaircross-sectiondrawingcross-sectionsurveyculturesymbolcurvaturedata accuracydata layeringdata of inner orientationdata reduction, data

13、compressiondata revision, data updatedata resolving/data calculatingdata vectorizationdatumdatum of soundingsDDNdecentering distortion'deformationdeformation monitoring(observation)DEMdensificationdensification networkdepression angledepth datumdepth sounderdetail drawingdetail pointcurvecurvela

14、youtcutoffangle,maskanglecylindricalcoordinate曲線曲線放樣截止高度角柱面坐標(biāo)D,d數(shù)據(jù)精度數(shù)據(jù)分層內(nèi)方位元素?cái)?shù)據(jù)壓縮數(shù)據(jù)更新數(shù)據(jù)解算數(shù)據(jù)矢量化基準(zhǔn)面測深基準(zhǔn)面數(shù)字?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)網(wǎng)偏心畸變差變形，畸變變形監(jiān)測（觀測）數(shù)字高程模型加密加密控制網(wǎng)俯角深度基準(zhǔn)面測深儀詳圖，細(xì)部圖碎部點(diǎn)detail surveydetail work drawingdetailed triangulationdeviationDGPSDHM, DEM, DTEMdifferential correctiondifferential interferometrydigital dist

15、ortion model(DDM)digital landscape model(DLM)digital line graph(DLG)digital orthophoto map(DOM)digital raster graphics(DRG)digital surface model(DSM)digital terrain model(DTM), digital groundmodel(DGM)dilution of precision(DOP)direction angledisplacement'distance measuring instrumentdistance run

16、distortiondistortion errordraftdrainage mapdry landE,e碎部測量施工詳圖圖根三角測量，低等三角測量偏差差分GPS數(shù)字高程模型差分改正差分干涉測量法數(shù)字畸變模型數(shù)字景觀模型數(shù)字線畫地圖數(shù)字正射影像圖數(shù)字柵格圖數(shù)字表面模型數(shù)字地面模型精度因子方向角位移測距儀航程畸變畸變差草圖，設(shè)計(jì)圖樣水系圖旱地地球橢球?qū)Φ赜^測衛(wèi)星對地觀測系統(tǒng)地球扁率地球自轉(zhuǎn)地球自轉(zhuǎn)參數(shù)東經(jīng)偏心角偏心率，離心率回波信號圖幅接邊有效半徑電磁波測距電子測距儀電子水準(zhǔn)儀電子經(jīng)緯儀光電測距儀相對定向元素絕對定向元素高程精度高程注記高程點(diǎn)高程橢球大地高工程控制網(wǎng)Earthellipsoid

17、,EarthspheroidEarthobservingsatellitesEarthobservingsystem(EOS)EarthflatteningEarth'srotationEarth'srotationparameter(ERP)eastlongitudeeccentricangleeccentricityechosignaledgematchingeffectiveradiuselectromagneticdistancemeasurementelectronicdistancemeasuringinstrument(EDM)electroniclevelele

18、ctronictheodoliteelectro-opticaldistancemeasuringinstrumentelementofrelativeorientationelementofabsoluteorientationelevationaccuracyelevationnotationelevationpointelevation,heightellipsoidellipsoidal/geodeticheightengineeringcontrolnetworkengineeringdrafting(drawings)engineeringsurveyengineeringsurv

19、eying(geodesy)equatorialradiuserrorequationerrorofclosureexteriororientationelementeyepieceadjustmentfaceleftfacerightfairdrawingfairwayfarrangefaultfeaturefeatureattributefeaturecataloguefeaturepointsfiducialnetworkfieldbookfieldcheckfieldmanualfieldmappingfieldreconnaissancefieldsketch工程制圖工程測量工程測量

20、學(xué)赤道半徑誤差方程閉合差外方位元素調(diào)焦（檢景器目鏡的）F,f盤左盤右清繪航道大測距，遠(yuǎn)測距斷層，斷裂要素，特征要素屬性要素分類特征點(diǎn)基準(zhǔn)網(wǎng)外業(yè)手簿外業(yè)檢核外業(yè)規(guī)范，外業(yè)手冊野外填圖，制圖野外勘測外業(yè)草圖fieldworkfineadjustmentfirst-orderaccuracyfirst-orderbenchmarkfirst-ordergeodeticnetworkfixedantennafixedpointflightaltitudeflightlineofaerialphotographyfightplanofaerialphotographyfocallengthfooting

21、fore-and-aftoverlapforesight(FS)fullydigitalmappingGauss projectionGauss-Kr uger projectionGauss-Markoff modelgeocentergeocentric coordinategeocentric coordinate systemgeocentric rectangular coordinate systemgeodesygeodetic coordinatefusion外業(yè)微調(diào)，細(xì)調(diào)，精密平差一等精度一等水準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)一等大地網(wǎng)固定天線固定點(diǎn)飛行高度攝影航線航攝計(jì)劃焦距基座航向重疊前視全數(shù)字化測

22、圖融合G,g高斯投影高斯-克呂格投影高斯-馬爾柯夫模型地心地心坐標(biāo)地心坐標(biāo)系地心直角坐標(biāo)系大地測量學(xué)大地坐標(biāo)geodetic levelinggeodetic origingeodetic reference systemgeodetic reference system 1980geographic coordinatesgeographic gridgeographic information system(GIS)geographic latitudegeographic longitudegeoidgeomaticsgeometric accuracygeometric co-regi

23、strationgeometric correction of imagegeometric precise correctiongeo-robotglobal gravity anomaliesglobal navigation satellite system(GNSS)global orbiting navigation satellitesystem(GLONASS)global positioning system(GPS)GPS carrier phaseGPS receiverGPS surveyingGPS time(GPST)GPSurvey , TGOgradientgra

24、phical solution大地水準(zhǔn)測量大地原點(diǎn)大地測量參考系統(tǒng)1980國際大地測量參考系統(tǒng)地理坐標(biāo)地理格網(wǎng)地理信息系統(tǒng)地理緯度地理經(jīng)度大地水準(zhǔn)面測繪學(xué)幾何精度幾何配準(zhǔn)影像幾何糾正幾何精糾正測量機(jī)器人全球重力異常全球?qū)Ш叫l(wèi)星系統(tǒng)全球軌道導(dǎo)航衛(wèi)星系統(tǒng)（俄羅斯）全球定位系統(tǒng)GPSa波相位GPS收機(jī)GP馴量GPS時(shí)間TrimbleGPS接收機(jī)隨機(jī)軟件坡度，斜率圖解graphicsgravimetergravityanomalyGreenwichmeantimegridazimuthgridcoordinategridmapgridnorthgridorigin,originofcoordinate

25、systemgrid-TINgrosserrorgroundcontrolpoint(GCP)guideposthalf-intervalcontourhandlevelheadinghedgeheightdatum,verticaldatumheightofinstrument(HI)heightoftargethighresolutionhighspatialresolutionhighspectralimagehillsidehistogram圖形重力儀重力異常格林尼治時(shí)間坐標(biāo)方位角，格網(wǎng)方位角平面直角坐標(biāo)，格網(wǎng)坐標(biāo)網(wǎng)格地圖坐標(biāo)北方向坐標(biāo)原點(diǎn)混合形式的數(shù)字高程模型粗差地面控制點(diǎn)路標(biāo)，方向

26、標(biāo)H,h間曲線手持水準(zhǔn)儀航向樹籬，障礙物高程基準(zhǔn)儀器高目標(biāo)高高分辨率高空間分辨率高光譜圖像山腰，山坡直方圖歷史地圖全息攝影同名像點(diǎn)水平精度水平控制點(diǎn)平面坐標(biāo)水平精度因子平面水平測量，平面測量黃海1956高程系統(tǒng)水利工程測量海洋測繪地勢圖冰雪覆蓋區(qū)域標(biāo)識碼光斑，光點(diǎn)亮度影像清晰度像點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)影響融合影像匹配影像鑲嵌像移補(bǔ)償像點(diǎn)historicalmaphologramphotographyhomologousimagepointshorizontalaccuracyhorizontalcontrolpoint,horizontalcontrolstationhorizontalcoordinate,

27、planecoordinatehorizontaldilutionofprecision(HDOP)horizontalplanehorizontalsurveyHuanghaiverticaldatumof1956hydrographicengineeringsurveyhydrographicsurveyingandchartinghypsometricmapI,iice-snowcoveredareaidentifierilluminatedpatchilluminatingpowerimageacutanceimagecoordinateimagefusionimagematchima

28、gemosaicimagemotioncompensation(IMC)imagepoint影像金字塔影像糾正影像配準(zhǔn)影像分辨率序列影像像移像空間坐標(biāo)系傾角測斜儀獨(dú)立模型法空中三角測量計(jì)曲線，加粗等高線間接平差慣性坐標(biāo)系慣性導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)慣性測量系統(tǒng)拐點(diǎn)紅外測距儀固有誤差儀器校正測繪儀器儀器常數(shù)儀器誤差人機(jī)交互處理內(nèi)部定向首曲線，基本等高線內(nèi)插點(diǎn)判讀，解譯前方交會imagepyramidimagerectificationimageregistrationimageresolutionimagesequenceimageshiftimagespacecoordinatesysteminclinati

29、onangle,tiltangleinclinometerandtiltmeterindependentmodelaerialtriangulationindexcontourindirectionadjustmentinertialcoordinatesysteminertialnavigationsystem(INS)inertialsurveyingsystem(ISS)inflectionpointinfraredEDMinstrument,infraredrangerinherenterrorinstrumentadjustmentinstrumentofgeomaticsengin

30、eeringinstrumentalconstantinstrumentalerrorinteractiveprocessinginteriororientationintermediatecontourinterpolationpointinterpretationintersectionintersectionangle交會角islandchart島嶼圖isobath等深線isolinemap等值線地圖ice-snowcoveredarea冰雪覆蓋區(qū)域identifier標(biāo)識碼illuminatedpatch光斑，光點(diǎn)illuminatingpower亮度imageacutance影像清晰

31、度imagecoordinate像點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)imagefusion影響融合imagematch影像匹配imagemosaic影像鑲嵌imagemotioncompensation(IMC)像移補(bǔ)償imagepoint像點(diǎn)imagepyramid影像金字塔imagerectification影像糾正imageregistration影像配準(zhǔn)imageresolution影像分辨率imagesequence序列影像imageshift像移imagespacecoordinatesystem像空間坐標(biāo)系inclinationangle,tiltangle傾角inclinometerandtiltmete

32、r測斜儀independentmodelaerialtriangulation獨(dú)立模型法空中三角測量indexcontour計(jì)曲線，加粗等高線J，jjunctionjunctionpointoftraverseK,kkilometerstonekinematicpositioningknownstationKrasovskyellipsoidL,llandboundarylandfeaturelandslidelargescalelargescaletopographicmaplaserscannerlasersounderlateraloverlaplatitudelegendlevelle

33、velsurfacelevelerlevelingnetworklevelingrod,levelingstaff交叉口導(dǎo)線節(jié)點(diǎn)里程碑動態(tài)定位已知站（點(diǎn)）克拉索夫斯基橢球地界地物，地貌滑坡大比例尺大比例尺地形圖激光掃描儀激光測深儀旁向重疊緯度圖例水準(zhǔn)儀水準(zhǔn)面水準(zhǔn)測量員水準(zhǔn)網(wǎng)水準(zhǔn)尺大像幅攝影機(jī)LFClinesymbollinearCCDpush-broomlinearcorrelationlinearindependentlocaldifferentialGPSlocationmaplongitudeprofilelongitudinaltilt,pitchlongitudinalviewlan

34、dboundarylandfeaturelandslidelargescalelargescaletopographicmaplaserscannerlasersounderlateraloverlaplatitudelegendlevellevelsurfacelevelerlevelingnetworklevelingrod,levelingstaffLFClinesymbol線狀符號線B$ CCDB掃式線性相關(guān)線性無關(guān)的局域差分GPS位置圖經(jīng)度縱斷面圖航向傾角縱視圖地界地物，地貌滑坡大比例尺大比例尺地形圖激光掃描儀激光測深儀旁向重疊緯度圖例水準(zhǔn)儀水準(zhǔn)面水準(zhǔn)測量員水準(zhǔn)網(wǎng)水準(zhǔn)尺大像幅攝影機(jī)線

35、狀符號線B$ CCDB掃式linearCCDpush-broomlinearcorrelationlinearindependentlocaldifferentialGPSlocationmaplongitudeprofilelongitudinaltilt,pitchlongitudinalviewmagneticdeclinationmagneticsoundermapappearancemapquerymapscalemapsymbolbasemarinechartingmetadatametriccameramicrowaveremotesensingmisclosuremobilem

36、appingvehiclemonitormosaicmultiresolutionmultiscalemultispectral線性相關(guān)線性無關(guān)的局域差分GPS位置圖經(jīng)度縱斷面圖航向傾角縱視圖M,m磁偏角磁探測儀地圖整飾地圖查詢地圖比例尺地圖符號庫海洋繪圖元數(shù)據(jù)量測攝影機(jī)微波遙感閉合差測繪車監(jiān)測，監(jiān)視器鑲嵌多分辨率多尺度多光譜的國家GPS$制網(wǎng)1985國家高程基準(zhǔn)國家平面控制網(wǎng)國家水準(zhǔn)網(wǎng)國家高程基準(zhǔn)負(fù)，負(fù)片網(wǎng)平差網(wǎng)絡(luò)RTK導(dǎo)航數(shù)據(jù)格式指北針磁北極北緯數(shù)值精度目標(biāo)定位傾斜航空攝影像片觀測誤差測回觀測值近海測量光學(xué)水準(zhǔn)儀光學(xué)測距儀光學(xué)經(jīng)緯儀軌道參數(shù)N,nnationalGPScontrolnetw

37、orknationalheightdatum1985nationalhorizontalcontrolnetworknationallevelingnetworknationalverticaldatumnegativenetworkadjustmentnetworkRTKNMEAnortharrownorthmagneticpolenorthernlatitudenumericalaccuracyO,oobjectlocationobliqueaerialphotographyobservationerrorobservationsetobservation,observedvalueoff

38、shoresurveyopticallevelopticalrangefinderopticaltheodoliteorbitparametersordinate縱坐標(biāo)ordinateaxis縱坐標(biāo)軸，Y軸orientation定向orthorectification正射糾正outlinemapforfilling填充地圖overlap重疊度，交疊P,ppanchromatic全色的panoramic全景的parallax視差parameter參數(shù)，參變量passpoint加密點(diǎn)patternrecognition模式識別permanentstation永久測站，埋石測站，埋石點(diǎn)perpend

39、icular垂線，垂直于petroleumexplorationsurvey石油勘探測量photorectification像片糾正pixelpipelinesurvey管線測量plan平面planesurveying平面測量plumbline鉛垂線pointcloud點(diǎn)云pointsymbol點(diǎn)狀符號polarcoordinate極坐標(biāo)positionandattitude位置和姿心position and orientation system(POS)positioning, position fixpositivepost-processed GPSprecise engineering

40、 surveyprecise point positioning(PPP)precise positioning service(PPS)precisionprecision estimationpreliminary surveypre-processingpressure altimeterprimary control networkprimary scaleprofile surveyprojection transformationproper scalepseudo-rangepseudo-range measurementquality control and validatio

41、nquality evaluationquasi-geoidquasi-geoid height定位與定向系統(tǒng)定位正片后處理GPS精密工程測量精密單點(diǎn)定位精密定位服務(wù)精度精度估計(jì)初測預(yù)處理氣壓高度計(jì)首級控制網(wǎng)基本比例尺縱斷面測量投影變換成圖比例尺，規(guī)定比例尺偽距偽距測量Q,q質(zhì)量控制與評估質(zhì)量評價(jià)似大地水準(zhǔn)面似大地水準(zhǔn)面高R,rradar雷達(dá)radargrammetry radiation compensation radiation correction railroad engineering survey random error random sampling range positi

42、oning system rangefinder raster data rasterizationraster-to-vector conversion raw datareal-time DGPS receiverreceiver antenna rectangular coordinate rectificationreference base stations reference central meridian reference ellipsoid reference spheroid reflectance spectrum regular grid DEM relative a

43、ccuracy relative altitude relief displacement relief feature雷達(dá)圖像測量學(xué)，雷達(dá)圖像測量技術(shù)輻射補(bǔ)償輻射校正鐵路工程測量偶然誤差隨機(jī)抽樣測距定位系統(tǒng)測距儀柵格數(shù)據(jù)柵格化柵格矢量轉(zhuǎn)換原始數(shù)據(jù)實(shí)時(shí)差分GPS接收機(jī)接收機(jī)天線直角坐標(biāo)糾正參考基站基準(zhǔn)中央子午線，基準(zhǔn)中央經(jīng)線參考橢球參考球體，參考橢球反射光譜規(guī)則格網(wǎng)數(shù)字高程模型相對精度相對高度投影差地形特征，地形要素立體圖遙感重采樣分辨率，分辨力十字絲地形圖更新旋轉(zhuǎn)山脊線右手坐標(biāo)系河床均方根均方根誤差，中誤差道路網(wǎng)旋轉(zhuǎn)參數(shù)路徑分析線路測量流動站流動接收機(jī)實(shí)時(shí)動態(tài)定位采樣，抽樣衛(wèi)星高度衛(wèi)星定位比

44、例因數(shù)機(jī)載激光成像雷達(dá)掃描成像模型reliefmapremotesensing(RS)resamplingresolutionreticulerevisionoftopographicmaprevolution,rotationridgelineright-handedcoordinatesystemsriverbedRMSRMSEroadnetworkrotationparametersrouteanalysisroutesurveyroverrovingreceiverRTKS,ssamplingsatellitealtitudesatellitepositioningscalefacto

45、rscanmodeofairborne-basedimagelaserradarscanninglaserrangefinder激光掃描測距seafloortopography海底地形seamlesscontiguity無縫拼接self-calibration自檢校semimajoraxis長半軸sensitivity靈敏度，感光度setting-outsurvey放樣測量，施工放樣shaft豎井sheetnumber圖號siderealday恒星日siderealtime恒星時(shí)signal-to-noiseratio信噪比signature特征，標(biāo)記，符號simultaneousobserv

46、ation同步觀測simultaneous,synchronous同步的，同時(shí)的singlefrequency單頻siteplan,sitemap，地（總）平囿圖sitepreparation場地平整slope斜坡slopedistance斜距slopeline示坡線smoothness平滑度soundingfieldbook水深測量手簿soundingline測深線soundingrod水深桿southsemisphere南半球spaceintersection空同前方交會spaceresection空同后方交會spatialanalysisspatialrectangularcoordinatespatialresolutionspecificationofsurveysphericalcoordinatespheroidofrevolutionstaffstakestakeoutstandardizationstaticpositioningsteeltapestereostereoautographstereocompilationst