定語從句 (3)

1、 比昂英比昂英語語（原（原遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)航英航英語語）高中英）高中英語語語語法通霸法通霸 2013 版版 序序與詞匯、聽力、閱讀、寫作相比，語法實(shí)際是最容易學(xué)的， （你可以問問英語成績優(yōu)秀的學(xué)生）但許多同學(xué)學(xué)了許多年英語后，語法仍然是一塌糊涂。有的學(xué)生也下了很大決心想把語法學(xué)好，但在努力了相當(dāng)長的時(shí)間之后還是沒有明顯進(jìn)步，最終決定放棄。有的老師在語法上投入了很多，讓學(xué)生做了很多題，也投入了大量時(shí)間來評(píng)講，但學(xué)生的語法長進(jìn)仍不大，最后“頓悟”了，說， “在語法上付出太多時(shí)間不值得。 ”語法真的不重要嗎？如果有人說語法不重要，那一定是違心的，因?yàn)檎l都知道高考多考一分多么重要，而學(xué)好語法不僅可以提高單選的得分

2、，又可提高閱讀、改錯(cuò)和作文的得分，增的又何止十分八分？而切，單選題和作文上的得分一般是不會(huì)有什么變數(shù)的，而閱讀題的得分還要看考場發(fā)揮地如何。說在語法上付出時(shí)間不值得，實(shí)際上是在承認(rèn)自己在語法學(xué)習(xí)上或教學(xué)上是失敗的。 為什么那么多人都學(xué)不好語法呢？一方面是因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在盛行的教學(xué)理論在作怪。它把外語教學(xué)和母語與第二語言的教學(xué)混為一起，過于強(qiáng)調(diào)語言的“習(xí)得”，而完全忽視了傳統(tǒng)的語法教學(xué)，導(dǎo)致學(xué)生的語法基礎(chǔ)較差。另一方面，因?yàn)闆]有合適的語法資料。教材上的語法講解， “千呼萬喚始出來，猶抱琵琶半遮面”，總是放不下架子，就是講一點(diǎn)，其深度比考試的難度要低得多，根本靠不住。書店里的語法資料，一類是語法大家們編的

3、，旨在解釋一些語法現(xiàn)象，本來就不是給高中學(xué)生看的，有些知識(shí)學(xué)生看了沒有用，有些知識(shí)學(xué)生根本看不懂。再一類就是一些名校編的資料，先是籠統(tǒng)的語法講解，再弄點(diǎn)題一湊就好了。講的多，練的少，結(jié)果是學(xué)生前學(xué)后忘，印象不深。學(xué)生平時(shí)做的語法題都過于靠高考，強(qiáng)調(diào)覆蓋面，什么都有，一半題學(xué)生都不會(huì)做。老師就是講，也沒時(shí)間系統(tǒng)地講，學(xué)生一知半解，課后，又沒有針對(duì)性很強(qiáng)的題進(jìn)行鞏固，學(xué)生還是學(xué)得稀里糊涂。所以就造成了，學(xué)生題沒少做，老師沒少講，學(xué)生語法還是沒進(jìn)步。高一時(shí)，語法單選題，學(xué)生能對(duì)半錯(cuò)，學(xué)到了高考，還是對(duì)半錯(cuò)。而語法通霸則可有效地解決上述問題。在編排上，該書有以下特點(diǎn)：一、針對(duì)性強(qiáng)。在編寫時(shí)，用的是“歸

4、納”法。先下載近十幾年的高考真題，再按語法專題歸類，然后，每個(gè)語法專題再按考點(diǎn)歸類，歸類時(shí)特別注意了學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)過程中的難點(diǎn)和易混點(diǎn)，最后再在需要的地方加上必要的講解，所以重難點(diǎn)突出，詳略得當(dāng)，針對(duì)性強(qiáng)。二、講練結(jié)合。對(duì)于每一個(gè)考點(diǎn)在簡明講解之后，都安排了適量的練習(xí)題。這些題都是精心篩選出來的。主要是從其典型性、思維容量和所含語言點(diǎn)是否豐富，寫作是否能用，里面是否含有完形填空可能出的詞等多個(gè)方面考慮，因此也有相當(dāng)多的題是保留了十幾年前的題而舍棄了近幾年的高考題。三、題量科學(xué)。我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，針對(duì)每個(gè)考點(diǎn)的練習(xí)量如果過大的話，效果也不好。練習(xí)量少的話，譬如兩三個(gè)，我們就可以輕松自如的在腦中翻動(dòng)、回味這些題

5、，效果反而更好。因此，就忍痛刪去了許多來之不易的好題。四、重視習(xí)題排序。有的同學(xué)說，如果把相似題排列在一起的話，學(xué)生容易猜到答案，而不去思考。所以，今年再版時(shí)，開始時(shí)是把不同類型的題混在一起，但再看時(shí)，發(fā)覺做后效果反而不好了。做后印象不深、規(guī)律在腦中不清晰。然后又把題按類型排列，相近的題列在一起。再看一遍，感覺真好！。學(xué)知識(shí)同向某個(gè)空間放東西一樣，有條理了就好放也好記也好找，雜亂了就不好放，用時(shí)也不容易找到。科學(xué)家對(duì)大腦的研究也表明，信息在腦中存放、排列是有規(guī)律的。五、考點(diǎn)目錄化。為了便于使用，本書編了詳細(xì)的目錄，分為“章”、 “講”和“考點(diǎn)”三個(gè)級(jí)別。一位高三學(xué)生在留言中說， “每次做英語題

6、的時(shí)候有問題，我就拿出你的遠(yuǎn)航英語一翻，都出現(xiàn)在里面了，我真誠的感謝你用了大量的時(shí)間來給我們編輯這本書，謝謝你”六、講、練、考一體化。前面第一部分是考點(diǎn)精講精練，后面第二部分是單元過關(guān)測試。過關(guān)測試題基本上也都是高考題，覆蓋面較大，既可以對(duì)前面所學(xué)知識(shí)進(jìn)一步鞏固，也可當(dāng)作測試題用。七、語法、寫作同步提高。這次改編，增加了“作文專項(xiàng)技能提升”這個(gè)部分，基礎(chǔ)好的學(xué)生，可以利用這部分的習(xí)題來提高自己的寫作能力。語法通霸的這種編排，使學(xué)生一看就懂，一做就會(huì)，從而解決了語法學(xué)習(xí)中費(fèi)時(shí)低效的問題。老師利用這本資料，可以使語法課不再空洞乏味。學(xué)生利用這本書，可以使語法學(xué)習(xí)變得有趣高效，優(yōu)生利用此書來鞏固自己

7、的學(xué)科優(yōu)勢(shì)，待優(yōu)生利用此書來實(shí)現(xiàn)英語上的徹底逆轉(zhuǎn)。所以這本書從它誕生那天起，就深受師生歡迎。它幫助許多學(xué)生提高了英語成績，成為許多老師備課時(shí)必不可缺少的工具書。去年， 語法通霸的部分電子文檔上傳到網(wǎng)上后，成為網(wǎng)上的熱門資料，有許多老師愿意出數(shù)百元來購買完整的電子文檔以便自己上課用。書更是供不應(yīng)求。一位老師說， “你的這本書已經(jīng)成為我和學(xué)生必不可缺少的工具書，我們每天每堂課都會(huì)帶到教室，如果學(xué)生在哪個(gè)方面不懂，我們就立即翻閱相關(guān)的題來做。 ”“好多學(xué)生看著我用這本書，都恨不得自己也有一本。 ”還有老師說， “只要我教著學(xué)，我都會(huì)用你的書”。 （更多網(wǎng)友評(píng)論可以到 329950885 的 QQ 空

8、間去查看或到淘寶寶貝詳情中查看）在使用這本書的方法上，我的看法是，與其看好多書，前做后忘，還不如反復(fù)看一本書。 “重復(fù)是記憶之母”。除了“查”和“做”之外，還有同學(xué)花費(fèi)大量時(shí)間來“讀”這本書，效果非常好。真要讀熟的話，高考語法肯定沒問題。更重要的是， “讀”可以更有好地來提高寫作能力。我以前在學(xué)習(xí)的過程中，曾把一本有關(guān)詞匯記憶的單選題書讀了九遍，后來搖搖頭，感覺滿腦子的英語句子在晃蕩，要寫篇好的英語文章，可以說是“出口成章”。最后，祝愿各位同學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)進(jìn)步，也祝愿各位同行及家長朋友身體健康、快樂常伴、工作順利！編者 2012 年 9 月第六章第六章 定定語語從句從句.1第一部分第一部分 考點(diǎn)精考點(diǎn)

9、精講講精精練練.1第第 1 講講相關(guān)概念相關(guān)概念.1考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 1.主句、從句、關(guān)系主句、從句、關(guān)系詞詞.1考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 2.關(guān)系代關(guān)系代詞詞.1考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 3.關(guān)系副關(guān)系副詞詞.1第第 2 講講關(guān)系關(guān)系詞詞的的選擇選擇.2考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 1.選選用哪個(gè)關(guān)系用哪個(gè)關(guān)系詞詞，關(guān)，關(guān)鍵鍵是看關(guān)系是看關(guān)系詞詞在定在定語語從句中做什么成分從句中做什么成分 .2考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 2.選選用關(guān)系用關(guān)系詞詞的方法：一的方法：一“找找”二二“還還”三三“替替換換”.2考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 3.關(guān)系關(guān)系詞詞一般要位于定一般要位于定語語從句的句首從句的句首.2第第 3 講講只能用只能用 that 不能用不能用 which 的情況的情況.3考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)

10、 1.先行先行詞詞是是 anything, something, nothing, everything, 等不定代等不定代詞時(shí)詞時(shí).3考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 2.先行先行詞詞是是 all, much， ，little, none 或先行或先行詞詞被被 all, much, little, no, any 修修飾時(shí)飾時(shí).3考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 3.先行先行詞詞被最高被最高級(jí)級(jí)、序數(shù)、序數(shù)詞詞以及以及 the first, the last, the very, the only, the same.3考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 4.先行先行詞詞有兩個(gè)，一個(gè)指人，一個(gè)指物，關(guān)系代有兩個(gè)，一個(gè)指人，一個(gè)指物，關(guān)系代詞詞用用 that.4考點(diǎn)

11、考點(diǎn) 5.注意：關(guān)系副注意：關(guān)系副詞詞不受不受這這些些規(guī)則規(guī)則的影響的影響.4第第 4 講講其它有關(guān)關(guān)系其它有關(guān)關(guān)系詞選擇詞選擇的的規(guī)則規(guī)則.4考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 1.關(guān)系代關(guān)系代詞詞直接放在介直接放在介詞詞后面后面時(shí)時(shí)，要用，要用 which， ，whom;不能用不能用 that, who.4考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 2.引引導(dǎo)導(dǎo)非限制性定非限制性定語語從句從句時(shí)時(shí)，要用，要用 which, who, whom, 不用不用 that，也不能省略，也不能省略.4考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 3.當(dāng)先行當(dāng)先行詞詞前面有前面有 which， ，who 等疑等疑問問代代詞時(shí)詞時(shí)， ，為為避免重復(fù)，用關(guān)系代避免重復(fù)，用關(guān)系代詞詞 that.4考點(diǎn)

12、考點(diǎn) 4.關(guān)系代關(guān)系代詞詞在從句中作表在從句中作表語語或或 there be 結(jié)結(jié)構(gòu)中的構(gòu)中的實(shí)實(shí)意主意主語時(shí)語時(shí), that 可指人或物，而且通常省略可指人或物，而且通常省略.5考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 5.當(dāng)先行當(dāng)先行詞為詞為 one, ones, anyone, everyone, none, all(指人指人)時(shí)時(shí)，關(guān)系代，關(guān)系代詞詞常用常用 who.5第第 5 講講whose 可指人也可指物可指人也可指物.5考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 1.若指物，它若指物，它還還可以同可以同 of which 互互換換, 指人，指人，則則不可與不可與 of whom 互互換換 .5考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 2.名名詞詞前有冠前有冠詞詞 the 時(shí)時(shí)

13、用用 of which, 名名詞詞前沒有冠前沒有冠詞時(shí)詞時(shí)用用 whose.5第第 6 講講as, but, than 用作關(guān)系代用作關(guān)系代詞詞.5考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 1.as 引引導(dǎo)導(dǎo)限制性定限制性定語語從句從句 .5考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 2.the sameas 與與 the samethat.6考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 3.suchas 和和 such.that 的區(qū)的區(qū)別別（ （該該用定用定語語從句從句還還是用是用結(jié)結(jié)果狀果狀語語從句）從句）.6考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 4.but 用作關(guān)系代用作關(guān)系代詞詞（ （選選學(xué)內(nèi)容）學(xué)內(nèi)容）.6考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 5.than 用作關(guān)系代用作關(guān)系代詞詞 （ （選選學(xué)內(nèi)容）學(xué)內(nèi)容）.7寫作寫作專練專練 1.a

14、s 做關(guān)系代做關(guān)系代詞詞很有用（很有用（P 17） ）.7第第 7 講講關(guān)系副關(guān)系副詞詞.7考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 1.關(guān)系副關(guān)系副詞詞在定在定語語從句中做狀從句中做狀語語.7考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 2.the way 做先行做先行詞詞.7考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 3.situation, case, point, business 等后常用關(guān)系副等后常用關(guān)系副詞詞 where .7考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 4.occasion(時(shí)時(shí)機(jī)機(jī))做先行做先行詞詞用關(guān)系副用關(guān)系副詞時(shí)詞時(shí)用用 when.8考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 5.when 引引導(dǎo)導(dǎo)非限制性定非限制性定語語從句從句.8第第 8 講講關(guān)系關(guān)系詞詞的省略的省略(僅僅供了解供了解) .8考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 1.關(guān)系代關(guān)系代

15、詞詞的省略的省略.8考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 2.關(guān)系副關(guān)系副詞詞的省略的省略.8第第 9 講講介介詞詞關(guān)系代關(guān)系代詞詞.9考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 1.關(guān)系代關(guān)系代詞詞直接跟在介直接跟在介詞詞后后時(shí)時(shí)，只可用，只可用 whom 或或 which,不可用不可用 who, that.9考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 2.from where 為為“介介詞詞關(guān)系副關(guān)系副詞詞“結(jié)結(jié)構(gòu)，可以引構(gòu)，可以引導(dǎo)導(dǎo)定定語語從句從句 .9考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 3.像像 look after, look for 等固定短等固定短語動(dòng)詞語動(dòng)詞.9考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 4.部分與整體用部分與整體用 of.9考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 5.介介詞詞的的選擇選擇：看前看后看意思：看前看后看意思.9第第 10 講講限

16、制性定限制性定語語從句與非限制性定從句與非限制性定語語從句從句.10考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 1.限制性定限制性定語語從句和非限制性定從句和非限制性定語語從句的區(qū)從句的區(qū)別別.10考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 2.As， ，which 引引導(dǎo)導(dǎo)的非限制性定的非限制性定語語從句從句.10寫作寫作專練專練 2.as, which 引引導(dǎo)導(dǎo)非限制性定非限制性定語語從句（從句（P 17） ） .11寫作寫作專練專練 3.使用非限制性定使用非限制性定語語從句，是寫出從句，是寫出長長的高的高級(jí)級(jí)句子的最常用的方法（句子的最常用的方法（P 17） ） .11第第 11 講講同位同位語語從句和定從句和定語語從句從句.11第第 12 講講定定語語

17、從句與易混句型從句與易混句型.13考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 1.定定語語從句與同位從句與同位語語從句從句.13考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 2.定定語語從句與地點(diǎn)狀從句與地點(diǎn)狀語語從句從句.13考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 3.定定語語從句與從句與結(jié)結(jié)果狀果狀語語從句從句.13考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 4.定定語語從句與并列句從句與并列句.13考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 5.定定語語從句與獨(dú)立主格從句與獨(dú)立主格結(jié)結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu).14考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 6.定定語語從句與從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型句型.14第第 13 講講定定語語從句的其它常從句的其它常見見考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn).14考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 1.先行先行詞詞與定與定語語從句隔離從句隔離.14考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 2.one of, the one of, the only one

18、of.14考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 3.what 不能引不能引導(dǎo)導(dǎo)定定語語從句從句, one 作同位作同位語語.15考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 4.Is this school the one 與與 Is this the school .15寫作寫作專練專練 4.綜綜合運(yùn)用本章所學(xué)定合運(yùn)用本章所學(xué)定語語從句內(nèi)容（從句內(nèi)容（P 18） ）.15第二部分第二部分 專題過專題過關(guān)關(guān)測試測試.15第三部分第三部分 寫作能力提升寫作能力提升.17寫作寫作專練專練 1.as 做關(guān)系代做關(guān)系代詞詞很有用（參看很有用（參看 P5 考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 1 ） ）.17寫作寫作專練專練 2.as, which 引引導(dǎo)導(dǎo)非限制性定非限制性定語語從句（參看從

19、句（參看 P10 考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 2 ） ） .17寫作寫作專練專練 3.使用非限制性定使用非限制性定語語從句，是寫出從句，是寫出長長的高的高級(jí)級(jí)句子的最常用的方法（參看句子的最常用的方法（參看 P 10 考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 1） ） .18寫作寫作專練專練 4.綜綜合運(yùn)用本章所學(xué)定合運(yùn)用本章所學(xué)定語語從句內(nèi)容，翻從句內(nèi)容，翻譯譯下列句子（參看下列句子（參看 P 錯(cuò)誤！未定義書簽。錯(cuò)誤！未找到引用源。 ） ）18寫作專練寫作專練 1.18比昂英比昂英語語（原（原遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)航英航英語語）系列）系列叢書叢書之之 高中英高中英語語語語法通霸法通霸 2012 版版 （適合（適合 2013 高考）高考）第六章第六章 定定語語

20、從句從句第一部分第一部分 考點(diǎn)精考點(diǎn)精講講精精練練 1 相關(guān)概念相關(guān)概念 1.主句、從句、關(guān)系主句、從句、關(guān)系詞詞主句：在含有定語從句的復(fù)合句中，除去定語從句后的部分，是句子的主句。定語從句：相當(dāng)于形容詞，修飾主句中的一個(gè)名詞或代詞，相當(dāng)于主句的一個(gè)定語先行詞：先行詞就是被定語從句修飾的名詞等，它總是出現(xiàn)在定語從句的前面。關(guān)系詞：關(guān)系詞指用來引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞，分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系詞的三個(gè)作用 1. 作定語從句的一個(gè)句子成分。2. 起著連接主句和從句的作用（參看 P 錯(cuò)誤錯(cuò)誤！未定！未定義書簽義書簽。 。Error! Reference source not found.）。3. 代指被

21、修飾的先行詞。 2.關(guān)系代關(guān)系代詞詞指人時(shí)可以用 who, 也可用 that。Do you know the boy who/that is my desk mate?The man who/that was killed in the accident is Toms uncle.指物時(shí)可以用 which, 也可用 that：I like visiting places which/that are not far away.How do you like the film which/that was shown last Sunday.whose 可以指人也可以指物He was a pa

22、inter whose pictures were not well-known in his life time.The dog whose tail is very short is my neighbors.關(guān)系代詞作賓語時(shí)可以省略：I like the meal that/which / ( ) we had last night.Do you know the boy who/whom/that/() we talked about just now?注：（）表示關(guān)系代詞省略 3.關(guān)系副關(guān)系副詞詞關(guān)系副詞在從句中只能作狀語。when 指時(shí)間，where 指地點(diǎn)，why 指原因，how

23、 不能作關(guān)系詞。例如： We will put off the picnic until next week when the weather may be better. He has reached the point where a change is needed. That is no reason why you should leave. This is the way how I did it. (how 不能作關(guān)系詞)基基礎(chǔ)過礎(chǔ)過關(guān)：關(guān)：1. 用合適的關(guān)系詞完成句子。 The man / was here yesterday is a painter. The man / /

24、 / I saw is called Smith. A child parents are dead is called an orphan. Id like a room window looks out over the sea. A letter / is written in pencil is hard to read. The letter / / I received from him yesterday is very important. That is the boy / / / you are looking for. Do you know the reason he

25、was late for the meeting. This is the school I used to study. I still remember the day we met for the first time.2. 用符號(hào)標(biāo)出下列句子的主句、定語從句、先行詞和關(guān)系詞：主句：_ 定語從句：（ ） 先行詞：先行詞 關(guān)系詞： 例：This is the book (that I have been looking for). The movie that we saw last night is very exciting. Have you bought which the boo

26、k we talked about I still remember the day which we spent together last week. He still lives in the house whose windows face south. The boy whose father is a policeman speaks English most fluently in our class. The girl who you met was Johns sister. There is no reason why we shouldnt be friends. The

27、y arrived in the early morning when the sky was still dark. The days were gone when we had to travel on horses. Is this the hospital where you were born? 2 關(guān)系關(guān)系詞詞的的選擇選擇 1.選選用哪個(gè)關(guān)系用哪個(gè)關(guān)系詞詞，關(guān)，關(guān)鍵鍵是看關(guān)系是看關(guān)系詞詞在定在定語語從從句中做什么成分句中做什么成分含有定語從句的復(fù)合句可以分為兩部分：主句和從句。關(guān)系詞是定語從句的一個(gè)成分。選用關(guān)系詞，要看關(guān)系詞在定語從句中做什么成分，而不是看先行詞是什么詞性。1.

28、He worked in the factory which produces TV sets.2. He worked in the factory where his father had worked.3. I like the school which is near to my home.4. I like the school where my sister studies.在句 1 和句 2 中，先行詞前都有 in, 但關(guān)系詞有用which 也有用 where 的；在句 3 和句 4 在，先行詞都是 the school, 但關(guān)系詞有用 which 也有用 where 的。因此，

29、我們可以看出，對(duì)關(guān)系詞起決定性作用的并不是先行詞。在句 1 和句 3 中，關(guān)系詞在定語從句中都是做主語，因此用的都是關(guān)系代詞 which在句 2 和句 4 中，關(guān)系詞在定語從句中都是做狀語，因此都是用關(guān)系副詞 where我們可以看出，用哪個(gè)關(guān)系詞，主要看關(guān)系詞在定語從句中做什么成分。 2.選選用關(guān)系用關(guān)系詞詞的方法：一的方法：一“找找”二二“還還”三三“替替換換”1. 找：就是找出主句、從句、先行詞和關(guān)系詞（參看本章第 1 講）2. 還：根據(jù)先行詞提供的意思，大膽的把定語從句還原為完整的一句話， （可以添詞）3. 替換：用關(guān)系詞替換關(guān)系詞還原后的部分，做主語和賓語用關(guān)系代詞，做狀語用關(guān)系副詞（

30、時(shí)間狀語用 when，地點(diǎn)狀語用 where, 原因狀語用 why）（同初中時(shí)做的“對(duì)劃線部分提問”相似，該用what 的時(shí)候用成 which/that 即可）例如：1. This is the school _ I once studied.2. This is the school _ is the most famous in the city.3. I am studying at a school _ my father teaches English.找：（略）還原：根據(jù)先行詞的提示，這三句話的定語從句還原成完整的一句話后分別為：1. I once studied at the s

31、chool.2. The school is the most famous in the city.3. My father teaches English at the school.粗斜體部分為根據(jù)先行詞的意思把關(guān)系詞還原后的部分。替換：根據(jù) “對(duì)劃線部分提問”的規(guī)則，1.和 3.用where, 2.本該用 what, 在定語從句中該用 what 的要換為 which/that。因此，答案為：1.where 2. that/which 3. where 3.關(guān)系關(guān)系詞詞一般要位于定一般要位于定語語從句的句首從句的句首【2009 江西】The house I grew up _ has b

32、een taken down and replaced by an office building.A. in it B. in C. in that D. in which 答案與分析：A 沒有關(guān)系詞，不能連接兩句話；C 介詞后不能用 that；D 關(guān)系詞一般不位于句末；而 B 可以看作是關(guān)系代詞做賓語、放在句首并且省略了。因此選 B。利用利用一一“找找”二二“還還”三三“替替換換”的方法的方法選擇選擇關(guān)系關(guān)系詞詞1.Is this the reason _ he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?A. tha

33、t B. what C. how D. why2.Is this the reason _ he was so careless in his work?A. that B. what C. how D. why3.The reason _he didnt come was _he was ill.A. why; that B. that; why C. for that; that D. for which; what4.He lives in a village _ is not far from the city.A. which B. where C. what D. whose5.H

34、e lives in the village _ he was born.A. which B. where C. what D. whose6.In an hour, we travel to places_ could have taken our ancestors days to reach.A where B. when C which D. what 7.In an hour, we travel to places_ we can relax and get refreshed.A. where B. when C. which D. what8.The place _inter

35、ested me most was the Childrens Palace.A. which B. where C. what D. in which9.The place _he had a good time last Sunday was the Childrens Palace.A. which B. where C. what D. in which10. Ill never forget the days _ we studied together.A. that B. 不填 C. when D. A and B11. Ill never forget the days _ we

36、 spent together.A. that B. 不填 C. when D. A and B12. If we want to have a bright future, we must learn to act in ways _ do not do harm to other living things. A. in which B. / C. how D. that13. Is this the factory _ color TV sets are produced.A. when B. the one where C. that D. in which14. Is this fa

37、ctory _ color TV sets are produced?A. where B. the one where C. that D. in which15. This is the factory _ produces colors TV sets.A. where B. the one where C. that D. in which16. 【2010 福建】Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet _ life has developed gradually. A. tha

38、t B. where C. which D. whose17. 【2010 天津】Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut?You should try the barbers I go. Its only 15.A. as B. which C. where D. that18. 【2011 陜西】I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend, _ we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.A. which B. where C. who

39、 D. that19. 【2011 福建】She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students _ allows them to communicate freely with each other.A. which B. where C. what D. who20. 【2012 江西】By 16:30, was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold. A. which Bwhen Cwhat Dthat 3 只能用只能用 that 不能用不能用

40、which 的情況的情況 1.先行先行詞詞是是 anything, something, nothing, everything, 等不定代等不定代詞時(shí)詞時(shí)關(guān)系代詞一般只用 that，不用 which。1.He never reads anything _ is not worth reading.A. which B. as C. who D. that2.Is there anything_ to you?A. that is belonged B. that belongs C. that belong D. which belongs3.【2010 全國 2】I refuse to a

41、ccept the blame for something _ was someone elses fault. A. who B. that C. as D. what 2.先行先行詞詞是是 all, much， ，little, none 或先行或先行詞詞被被all, much, little, no, any 修修飾時(shí)飾時(shí)關(guān)系詞只能用 that, 不能用 which。All the people that are present burst into tears.4.These people once had fame and fortune; now _ is left to them

42、 is utter poverty. A. all that B. all what C. all which D. that all5.The doctor did all _to save the wounded boy.A. what he could B. he could C. everything which he could D. for which he could do 6.There is not much _ can be done.A. that B. which C. what D. how7.【2010 浙江】_ thats important is that yo

43、u are doing your best and moving in the right direction.A. One B. All C. Everything D. Anything8.There is no difficulty _ cant be overcome in the world.A. that B. which C. who D. what 9.All the apples _ fell down were eaten by the pigs. A. that B. those C. which D. what10. You can take any seat _ is

44、 free.A. that B. / C. which D. it 3.先行先行詞詞被最高被最高級(jí)級(jí)、序數(shù)、序數(shù)詞詞以及以及 the first, the last, the very, the only, the same等類似特指這類詞修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞常用 that，不用which.11. The most important thing _ we should pay attention to is the first thing _ I have said.A. which；that B. that；which C. which；which D. that；that12. My wat

45、ch is not the only thing _ is missing.A. that B. it C. which who13. The TV play I watched last night is the best one _ I have watched this year.A. which B. what C. whose D. that 14. This is the very film _ Ive long wished to see. A. which B. that C. who D. whom 15. I like the second football match _

46、 was held last week.A. which B. who C. that D. /16. This is the last time_ I shall come here to help you. A. that B. which C. when D. what 17. Its the third time _ late this month.A. that you arrived B. when you arrived C. that youve arrived D. when youve arrived 4.先行先行詞詞有兩個(gè)，一個(gè)指人，一個(gè)指物，關(guān)系代有兩個(gè)，一個(gè)指人，一個(gè)

47、指物，關(guān)系代詞詞用用 that18. Were talking about the piano and the pianist _ were in the concert we attended last nightA. which B. whom C. who D. that19. Both the girl and her dog _ were crossing the street were hit by a coming car.A. which B. who C. they D. that20. All the passengers and suitcases _ were stil

48、l waiting on the broken down bus had to be transferred to another long distance bus.A. they B. who C. which D. that21. He talked a lot about things and persons _they remembered in the school.A. which B. that C. whom D. what 5.注意：關(guān)系副注意：關(guān)系副詞詞不受不受這這些些規(guī)則規(guī)則的影響的影響這只是在選用關(guān)系代詞時(shí)才使用這些規(guī)則。如：22. 【2010 福建】Stephen

49、Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet _ life has developed gradually. A. that B. where C. which D. whose23. This is the same house _ her grandfather was born.A. that B. where C. which D. whose 4 其它有關(guān)關(guān)系其它有關(guān)關(guān)系詞選擇詞選擇的的規(guī)則規(guī)則 1.關(guān)系代關(guān)系代詞詞直接放在介直接放在介詞詞后面后面時(shí)時(shí)，要用，要用which， ，whom;不能用不能

50、用 that, who1.【2011 湖南】Julie was good at German, French and Russian , all of _ she spoke fluently. A. who B. whom C. which D. that2.【2008 湖南】The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, _ are beyond our control.A. most of them B. most of which C. most of what D. most of that3.Th

51、is is the museum _we saw an exhibition the other day.A. that B. which C. where D. in that4.【2009 全國 I】She brought with her three friends, none of I had ever met before. A. them B. who C. whom D. these 5.【2010 浙江】The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of _ left their village homes for a

52、better life in the city.A. whom B. which C. them D. those6.【2012 上海】Have you sent thank-you notes to the relatives from _ _ you received gifts?A. which B. them C. that D. whom 2.引引導(dǎo)導(dǎo)非限制性定非限制性定語語從句從句時(shí)時(shí)，要用，要用 which, who, whom, 不用不用 that，也不能省略，也不能省略7.【2008 浙江】Yesterday she sold her car, _ she bought a

53、month ago.A. whom B. where C. that D. which8.【2010 全國 1】As a child, Jack studied in a village school, _ is named after his grandfather.A. which B. where C. what D. that9.【2012 全國】That evening, _ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.A. that B. which C. what D. when10. Yester

54、day she sold her car, _she bought a month ago.A. whom B. where C. that D. the one 3.當(dāng)先行當(dāng)先行詞詞前面有前面有 which， ，who 等疑等疑問問代代詞時(shí)詞時(shí)， ，為為避免重復(fù)，用關(guān)系代避免重復(fù)，用關(guān)系代詞詞 that同理，當(dāng)先行同理，當(dāng)先行詞詞是是 that, those 時(shí)時(shí)，用關(guān)系代，用關(guān)系代詞詞which 或或 who。 。Whats that which is under the desk？ 在桌子底下的那些東西是什么Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?1

55、1. Who is the person _ is standing at the gate of Beijing Tourism Tower?A. who B. that C. which D. whom 12. Who _ has the same idea as it will do it in this way.A. who B. that C. whom D. which13. Who _ has common sense will do such a thing? A. which B. who C. whom D. that14. Those _ not only from bo

56、oks but also through practice will succeed.A. learn B. who C. that learns D. who learn 4.關(guān)系代關(guān)系代詞詞在從句中作表在從句中作表語語或或 there be 結(jié)結(jié)構(gòu)中構(gòu)中的的實(shí)實(shí)意主意主語時(shí)語時(shí), that 可指人或物，而且通常省可指人或物，而且通常省略略(概括為：在從句中位于 be 后。此條僅作了解)He still talks like the man （that） he was ten years ago.他談起話來仍像十年前一樣。The train is the fastest train （tha

57、t） there has ever been.這列火車是有史以來最快的火車。My typewriter is not the machine(that)it was. 我的打字機(jī)已不是過去的機(jī)器了。15. She was no longer the woman _ she was. A. that B. which C. what D. who 16. She is no longer the sweet girl _ she used to be.A. what B. who C. when D. that 5.當(dāng)先行當(dāng)先行詞為詞為 one, ones, anyone, everyone,

58、none, all(指人指人)時(shí)時(shí)，關(guān)系代，關(guān)系代詞詞常用常用 whoAnyone who is against us is our enemy. 任何反對(duì)我們的人就是我們的敵人。All who heard the story were amazed.所有聽到這個(gè)故事的人都很驚訝。 5 whose 可指人也可指物可指人也可指物whose 做關(guān)系代詞可以指人也可指物，用作定語。 1.若指物，它若指物，它還還可以同可以同 of which 互互換換, 指人，指人，則則不可與不可與 of whom 互互換換1. He lives in a house. Its window faces south.

59、He lives in a house. The window of it faces south.He lives in a house whose window faces south. He lives in a house, the window of which faces south.He lives in a house, of which the window faces south.2. He is the farmer. His son is studying in Qinghua University.由于我們一般說 his son 不說 the son of him,

60、說 my book, 不說 the book of me, 因此我們只能說 He is the farmer whose son is studying in Qinghua University.而不能說：He is the farmer, the son of whom is studying in Qinghua University. 2.名名詞詞前有冠前有冠詞詞 the 時(shí)時(shí)用用 of which, 名名詞詞前沒有前沒有冠冠詞時(shí)詞時(shí)用用 whose1.That tree, _ branches are almost bare, is very old.A. whose B. of w