年6月北京地區(qū)研究生學(xué)位英語真題及答案

1、2007年6月學(xué)位真題Part II Vocabulary ( 10 minutes, 10 points) Section A ( 0.5 point each) 21. Thousands of people left their rural homes and flocked into the cities to live beside the new factories. A dashed B filed C strolled D swarmed 22. Nothing can be more absurd than to say that human beings are doome

2、d. A compelling B rational C ridiculous D ambiguous 23. The Chinese government continues to uphold the principle of peaceful co-existence. A support B restrict C raise D modify 24. Patients are expected to comply with doctors instructions for quick recovery. A improve on B abide by C draw upon D ref

3、lect on 25. Scientists have achieved findings substantial enough to remove our fear of GM foods. A abundant B controversial C conductive D convincing 26. Those students who have made adequate preparations for the test will be better off. A more wealthy B less successful C dismissed earlier D favorab

4、ly positioned 27.If you hold on to a winning attitude, youll make a greater effort and also create positive momentum. A influence B strength C outlook D consequence 28. Academic integrity is deemed essential to those devoted to scientific researches. A believed B discarded C advocated D confirmed 29

5、. Customers in these markets of antiques are good at slashing prices. A assessing B cutting C elevating D altering 30. The public attached great importance to the news that prices of housing would be brought under control . A joined B ascribed C fastened D diverted Section B (0.5 point each) 31. It

6、takes a year for the earth to make each _ , or revolution, around the sun. A tour B travel C visit D trip 32. _this dull life, the full-time mom decided to find a part-time job. A Tied up with B Fed up with C Wrapped up in D Piled up with 33. In the letter, my friend said that he would love to have

7、me as a guest in his _ home. A humble B obscure C inferior D lower 34. Tom is sick of city life, so he buys some land in Alaska, as far from _ as possible. A humidity B humanity C harmony D honesty 35. As an important _ for our emotions and ideas, music an play a huge role in our life. A vessel B ve

8、st C venture D vehicle 36. The day is past when the country can afford to give high school diploma to all who _ six years of instruction. A set about B run for C sit through D make for 37. The wages of manual laborers stay painfully low, meaning digitalization could drive an even deeper _ between th

9、e rich and poor. A boundary B difference C wedge D variation 38. A farmer must learn the kinds of crops best _ the soils on his farm. A accustomed to B committed to C applied to D suited to 39. The sun is so large that if it were _, it would hold a million earths. A elegant B immense C hollow D clum

10、sy 40. This patients life could be saved only by a major operation. That would _her to a high risk. A expose B lead C contribute D send Part III Cloze Test ( 10 points, 1 point each) Harvard Universitys under-graduate is being reformed so that it includes some time spent outside the US and more scie

11、nce courses, the US Cable News Network (CNN) has reported. For the first time in 30 years, Harvard is 41 its under-graduate curriculum. William Kirby, dean of the faculty of arts and sciences, said this 42 what many people had said that Harvards curriculum did not provide enough choice and encourage

12、 premature specialization. “Harvard needs to 43 its education for a world where global connections, cross disciplinary research, and science in general are ever more important,” said Kirby. Particularly 44 is the idea that students need to spend time overseas, either in a traditional study-abroad pr

13、ogram or over a summer, perhaps doing an internship or research. Students can either find the program themselves or 45 some exchange programs offered by the university. “ 46 ” studying Chinese history without leaving the university, students interested in the subject should be spending a semester at

14、 a university in China.” It was also recommended that Harvard 47 its required “core curriculum”. The core curriculum was an effort created in 1978 to broaden education by requiring students to choose from a list of courses in several areas of study. Classes often focused on a highly 48 topic and emp

15、hasized “ways of knowing.” Under a new plan, the curriculum would be replaced with a set of 49 “Harvard College Courses”, emphasizing knowledge over methodology and 50 wider territory. A life sciences course, for example, might combine molecular and evolutionary biology and psychology, rather than f

16、ocusing on one of those, said Bebedict Gross, Harward College dean. 41. A reviewing B inspecting C searching D underlying 42. A in accordance with B in line with C in response to D in charge of 43. A uphold B update C upset D upward 44. A note-worthy B trust-worthy C praise-worthy D reward-worthy 45

17、. A turn out B turn in C turn over D turn to 46. A In spite of B As if C Rather than D Let alone47. A perish B destroy C denounce D abolish 48. A appropriate B imaginative C specific D special 49. A optional B optical C opposite D optimistic 50. A sparing B spiraling C sparkling D spanning Part IV R

18、eading Comprehension ( 45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each) Passage One A report published recently brings bad news about air pollution. It suggests that it could be as damaging to our health as exposure to the radiation from the 1986 Ukraine nuclear power disaster. The report was published by the U

19、K Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution. But what can city people do to reduce exposure to air pollution? Quite a lot, it turns out. Avoid walking in busy streets. Choose side streets and parks instead. Pollution levels can fall a considerable amount just by moving a few meters away from the m

20、ain pollution source-exhaust fumes. Also dont walk behind smokers. Walk on the windward side of the street where exposure to pollutants can be 50 percent less than on the downwind side. Sitting on the drivers side of a bus can increase your exposure by 10 percent, compared with sitting on the side n

21、earest the pavement. Sitting upstairs on a double-decker can reduce exposure. It is difficult to say whether traveling on an underground train is better or worse than taking the bus. Air pollution on underground trains tends to be less toxic than that at street level, because underground pollution i

22、s mostly made up of tiny iron particles thrown up by wheels hitting the rails. But diesel and petrol fumes have a mixture of pollutants. When you are crossing a road, stand well back from the curb while you wait for the light to change. Every meter really does count when you are close to traffic. As

23、 the traffic begins to move, fumes can be reduced in just a few seconds. So holding your breath for just a moment can make a difference, even though it might sound silly. There are large sudden pollution increases during rush hours. Pollution levels fall during nighttime. The time of year also makes

24、 a big difference. Pollution levels tend to be at their lowest during spring and autumn when winds are freshest. Extreme cold or hot weather has a trapping effect and tends to cause a build-up of pollutants. 51. What is the passage mainly about? A How to fight air pollution in big cities. B How to a

25、void air pollution in big cities. C How serious air pollution is in big cities. D How to breathe fresh air in big cities. 52. According to the report, air pollution in big cities _ A can be more serious than Chernobyl nuclear disaster. B cannot be compared with the disaster in Chernobyl. C can be mo

26、re serious that we used to think . D can release as damaging radiation as the Chernobyl disaster. 53. When you walk in a busy street, you should walk on the side _ A where the wind is going . B where the wind is coming. C where the wind is weaker D where the wind is stronger 54. If you take a bus in

27、 a big city in China, you should sit _ A on the right side in the bus B on the left side of the bus . C in the middle of the bus D at the back of the bus 55. It is implied in the passage that _ A people should not take street level transportation tiny iron particles will not cause health problems. t

28、raveling on an underground train is better than taking the bus. D air pollution on an underground train is less poisonous. 56. While waiting to cross a busy street, you should _ A wait a few seconds until the fumes reduce. B stay away from the traffic as far as possible. C hold you breath until you

29、get to the other side of the street. D count down for the light to change. Passage Two The patient needed a spinal tap, and a senior attending physician asked a medical resident whether a preparatory blood test had been checked. The medical student was stunned to hear him answer in the affirmative,

30、because she was quite certain it had not been checked. Well, almost certain. Doctors in training sometimes confront situations in which they worry that their supervising physicians are making mistakes or bending the truth. Yet even though such acts can jeopardize patients, the inclination and abilit

31、y of young doctors to speak up is hampered by the hierarchies in teaching hospitals. On the top were the senior physicians who made rounds on the wards once or twice daily. Next were the overworked. Residents, who essentially lived in the hospital while training. Last were the medical students who w

32、ere most assuredly a the bottom of the heap. The students whose resident seemingly lied to the attending physician about the blood test did not speak up. The resident was a good doctor, she said, and so she had given him the benefit of the doubt. And, she added, both the resident and the attending p

33、hysician would be grading her. What should a medical student do in such a situation ? One possibility is to take the matter up with a more senior doctor. Or the student might go directly to the patient or family, telling them that the physicians have a genuine disagreement and that they deserve to k

34、now about it. These options seem logical on paper. As the ethicist James Dwyer has written in The Hastings Center Report, “The practice of always keeping quiet is a failure of caring.” But in the real world, it may be extremely difficult to go up the chain of command. Fortunately, medical educators

35、are increasingly recognizing the dilemmas that doctors in training confront when they witness behavior that makes them uncomfortable. Students and residents are now expected to provide routine feedback -positive and negative -about their supervising physicians at the close of their rotation. Of cour

36、se, physicians and students need to be educated about how to give feedback in professional and nonconfrontational ways. Medical educators are only now beginning to teach this skill. Still, it will be hard to change the unfortunate perception that constructive feedback, even for a patients benefit, i

37、s whistle-blowing. 57. As mentioned in the passage, the hospital hierarchy _ A is useful to the people on the lower layer. B is built on a performance-reward system. C is a barrier to the exchange of medical views. D is an effective way of teaching medical views. 58. “the benefit of the doubt” in Pa

38、ragraph 5 shows that _ A the student was not quite certain that she was right. B the resident did not respond to the students doubt. C the student was denied the chance to doubt the superior. D the resident benefited from the students suggestion. 59. James Dwyers words mean that _ A students should

39、learn to speak both kindly and professionally. B students should challenge the superior for the benefit of patients. C students should retain their faith even after facing some difficulties. D students should be educated on who to care more about the patients. 60. What is the attitude of medical edu

40、cators toward teaching students to give feedback? A Confused B Indifferent C Reluctant D Enthusiastic 61. The author tends to believe that the problem faced by medical students _ A will remain for a long time B will disappear in the near future. C should not be exaggerated. D cant be solved successf

41、ully. 62. The passage focuses on _ A the development of teaching hospitals hierarchies. B different roles in teaching hospitals hierarchies. C the future reform on teaching hospitals hierarchies. D the problems caused by teaching hospitals hierarchies. Passage Three Global warming poses a threat to

42、the earth, but humans can probably ease the climate threats brought on by rising levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere , global climate specialist Richard Alley told an audience at the University of Vermont. Alley said his research in Greenland suggested that subtle changes in atmospheric patte

43、rns leave parts of the globe susceptible to abrupt and dramatic climate shifts that can last decades or centuries. Almost all scientists agree that increasing levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere created as humans burn fossil fuel is warming the planet. How to respond to the warming is a matte

44、r of intense political, scientific and economic debate worldwide. Alley said he was upbeat about global warming because enough clever people existed in the world to find other reliable energy sources besides fossil fuels. He said people can get rich finding marketable alternatives to fossil fuel. “

45、Wouldnt it be useful if the United States were to have a piece of the action. Wouldnt it be useful if some bright students from University of Vermont were to have a piece of the action,” Alley said. Alley said that Europe and parts of eastern North America could in a matter of a few years revert to

46、a cold, windy region, like the weather in Siberia, such shifts have occurred frequently over the millennia, Alleys research shows. A gradual change in atmospheric temperature, such as global warming, could push the climate to a threshold where such a shift suddenly occurs, he said. Alley told his au

47、dience of about 200 people in a University of Vermont lecture hall Wednesday evening that he couldnt predict if , when or where sudden shifts toward cold, heat, drought or water could occur under global warming, but it is something everyone should consider. “This is not the biggest problem in the wo

48、rld. The biggest problem in the world is getting along with each other. But its part of that because were not going to get along with each other if were not getting along with the planet,” Alley said. 63. According to Ally the climate threats to the earth brought by global warming _ A can be eased B

49、 can be ended C will become worse D will last for decades. 64. Allys research shows that dramatic climate changes may be caused by _ A abrupt changes in atmospheric patterns. B subtle changes in atmospheric patterns. C humans burning of fossil fuel . D increasing levels of carbon dioxide. 65. The wo

50、rd “upbeat” ( in paragraph 3) probably means “_” A pessimistic B optimistic C worried D insensible 66. What does Ally suggest people do in order to reduce global warming? A To find other energy sources besides fossil fuels. B To start a political, scientific and economic debate. C To take action to

51、burn no fossil fuels. D To call on people worldwide to protect our earth. 67. Alley predicts that global warming could turn European and parts of eastern North America into _ A a region like Siberia B A warmer and warmer place C a tropical region D a place like North Pole 68. Ally thinks the biggest

52、 problem in the world is _ A lack of harmony B violence C global warming D climate shift Passage Four Were talking about money here, and the things you buy with it-and about what attitude we should take to spending. Across most of history and in most culture, there has been a general agreement that

53、we should work hard, save for the future and spend no more than we can afford. Its nice to have a comfortable life right now, but it is best to think of the future. Yet economists have long known that things dont work out that way. They point to an idea called the “paradox of thrift.” Imagine you ar

54、e the owner of a big business making consumer goods. You want your own staff to work hard and save their money. That way, you dont have to pay them as much. But you want everybody else to spend all the money they can. That way you make bigger profits. Its a problem on a global scale. Many people in

55、the UK and the United States are worried about level of personal debt. Yet if people suddenly stopped buying things and started paying back what they owe to credit card companies, all the economies of the Western world would collapse. The banks would be happy, but everybody else would be in trouble.

56、 Traditionally, economists have believed that spending money is about making rational choices. People buy things to make their life better in some way. But in recent years, they have noticed that people often do not actually behave in that way. We all know people who take pleasure in buying useless

57、things. And there are many people around who wont buy things that they need. In a recent series of experiments, scientists at Stanford University in the US confirmed something that many people have long suspected. People spend money because the act of buying gives them pleasure. And they refuse to spend when it causes them pain. The scientists discovered that different areas of the brain that anticipate pleasure and pain become more active