2016年大英賽閱讀大賽樣題

1、2016閱讀大賽樣題PartIReadandKnowInPartI,youwillreadshorttextsofvariouskinds.Readtheinstructionscarefullyandanswerthequestions.(Timeallowed:22minutes)Questions1-3(Suggestedcompletiontime:5minutes)Directions:Readthefollowingquotes.Matchthequotesontheleftwiththepeopleontheright.Pleasenotetherearetwoextraopti

2、onsyoudonotneedtouse.A. John LockeB. ArchimedesC. AristotleD. Immanuel KantE. Steve Jobs1. Givemealeverlongenoughandafulcrumonwhichtoplaceit,andIshallmovetheworld.2. Moralityisnotthedoctrineofhowwemaymakeourselveshappy,buthowwemaymakeourselvesworthyofhappiness.3. Youcantconnectthedotslookingforward;

3、youcanonlyconnectthemlookingbackwards.Soyouhavetotrustthatthedotswillsomehowconnectinyourfuture.Questions4(Suggestedcompletiontime:2minutes)Directions:Readthetext,andanswerthequestionaccordingtothetext.Toensurethehighstandardsoffacilitiesweneedtobuildnewwards,laboratoriesandconsultingrooms.Inshort,w

4、eneedyourhelpnow.Completethecoupontodayandrestassuredthatyourdonationisgoingtothebestpossiblecause.4. Whereisthepieceoftexttakenfrom?|A.anadvertisementB.aninstructionbookletC.astoryD.anewspaperQuestions5(Suggestedcompletiontime:2minutes)Directions:Readthetext,andanswerthequestionaccordingtothetext.F

5、ewcornersoftheworldremainuntaintedbyintrepidtourists,andtheirimpactisoftendevastating.Toofrequentlytheytrampleheedlesslyonfragileenvironments,displacingwildlifeandlocalpopulationsintheirinsatiablequestforunexploredlocations.5. Whatisthebesttitleforthistext?A. ThefutureoftourismB. TheroleoftourismC.

6、ThepriceoftourismD. ThebenefitsoftourismQuestions6(Suggestedcompletiontime:2minutes)Directions:Readthetext,andanswerthequestionaccordingtothetext.Buyingandsellinganythingisyourfortenow.Ifyouvisitajumbleorcar-bootsaleorthelike,aromanticencounterismorethanprobable!Newslinkedtothefamilyisbrilliant!6. W

7、hattypeoftextisthis?A.Apersonaladvertisement.B. Apersonalhoroscope.C. Afriendsletterofadvice.D. Awrittenwarning.Questions7(Suggestedcompletiontime:2minutes)Directions:Readthetext,andanswerthequestionaccordingtothetext.Withourtravelagency,theholidayyoubookistheholidayyouget.Ifyouarriveandfindwevefail

8、edtoliveuptoourpromises,letusknowwhattheproblemiswithinonedayofyourarrival.Wellsrhoursdoingeverythingpossibletosorttheproblemout.Intheunlikelyeventthatwecantresolveproblemandmakeyouhappywithin24hours,wellflyyouhomeandgiveyourmoneyback.7. Thetextcouldbestbedescribedas.A. acommitmentB. anappealC. awar

9、ningD. avowQuestions8(Suggestedcompletiontime:2minutes)Directions:Readthetext,andanswerthequestionaccordingtothetext.Thenewdigitalcamerasaregreatfunandveryeasytouse.Theyletyoureviewyourpicturesthemomentyoutakethem,soyoucanre-shootrightawayifyourenotsatisfied.ButrememberdigitalcameraisjustacomputerXX

10、XX.Itsnotareplacementforyourordinarycamera.8. Whatisthemeaningofthemissingword(XXXX)inthetext?A. asomethingthatispoorquality”B. ”anitemthatisnotessential,somethingextra”C. ”somethingexpensivebutgoodvalueformoney”D. ”afashionwhichalwaysremainspopular”Questions9(Suggestedcompletiontime:2minutes)Direct

11、ions:Readthetext,andanswerthequestionaccordingtothetext.Shehadgonealone,butthechildrenweretogotothestationtomeether.Andlovingthestationastheydid,itwasonlynaturalthattheyshouldbethereagoodhourbeforetherewasanychanceofMothertrainarriving,evenifthetrainwerepunctual,whichwasmostunlikely.9. Whatcanyousay

12、abouttheirmotherstrain?A. Itwouldprobablybeearly.B. Itwouldprobablybeontime.C. Itwouldprobablybelate.D. Ithadbeencancelled.Question10(Suggestedcompletiontime:5minutes)Directions:Thebarchartshowsthenumberandproportionofundernourishedpeopleinthedevelopingregions,from1990?1992to2014?2016.Answerthequest

13、ionaccordingtotheinformationinthechart.JII.RiRlhtit2015targetSource:TheMillenniumDevelopmentGoals(MDG)Report201510. ChoosetheINCORRECTdescriptionaboutthechart.A. Currentestimatessuggestthatnearlyoneinnineindividualsdonothaveenoughtoeatbetween2014and2016.B. Projectionsindicatethatthe2015MDGtargetisne

14、arlyreached,with12.9percentofundernourishedpopulation.C. Thesituationnoticeablyimprovedduringtheyears1995-1999,butwentdowninthefirstfiveyearsofthenewmillennium.D. Theproportionofundernourishedpeopleinthedevelopingregionshasfallenbyalmosthalfsince1990.PartIIReadandReasonInPartII,youwillreadshorttexts

15、ondifferentsubjects.Readtheinstructionscarefullyandanswerthequestionsbasedonlogicalinferenceandreasoning.(Timeallowed:38minutes)Question11-12(Suggestedcompletiontime:10minutes)Directions:Readthedefinitionsoftwotypesoflogicalfallacy.Answerthequestionsaccordingtothedefinitions.PoisoningtheWellPoisonin

16、gthewellisarhetoricaltechniqueandlogicalfallacywhereadverseinformationaboutatargetispreemptivelypresentedtoanaudience,withtheintentionofdiscreditingorridiculingeverythingthatthetargetpersonisabouttosay.Itusestheassociationofnegativeemotionstodistractasubjectfromactualevidenceinanargument.11. Whichof

17、thefollowingprovidesatypicalexampleofpoisoningthewell?A. Thatsmystanceonfundingtheeducationsystem,andanyonewhodisagreeswithmehateschildren.B.Youaresoweird.Thatmeansweareprettymuchsurethatyourwholefamilyisweird,too.C. GodexistsbecausetheBiblesaysso.TheBibleisinspired.Therefore,weknowthatGodexists.D.

18、Idontcarewhatyousay.Wedontneedanymorebookshelves.Aslongasthecarpetisclean,wearefine.FalseDilemmaAfalsedilemmaariseswhenweallowourselvestobeconvincedthatwehavetochoosebetweentwoandonlytwomutuallyexclusiveoptions,whenthatisuntrue.Generally,whenthisrhetoricalstrategyisused,oneoftheoptionsisunacceptable

19、andrepulsive,whiletheotheristheonethemanipulatorwantsustochoose.Whoeversuccumbstothistraphasthusmadeachoicethatisforced,andassuch,oflittlevalue.12. Whichofthefollowingprovidesatypicalexampleofafalsedilemma?A. Smokingisharmfultohealth,soyouaresupposedtoquitsmoking.B. Ifthegovernmentdoesntreducepublic

20、spending,oureconomywillcollapse.C. Youmayaswellavoidovereating,orelseyoumightbeobeseinnotime.D. Youaretheworstoftheclassmates;therefore,whatyousayisincredible.Questions13(Suggestedcompletiontime:4minutes)Directions:Readthepassageaboutsyllogism.DecidewhetherthereasoningsareValidorInvalidbasedonthepri

21、nciplesofsyllogism.Syllogismisakindoflogicalargumentthatappliesdeductivereasoningtoarriveataconclusionbasedontwoormorepropositionsthatareassertedorassumedtobetrue.Itisperhapstodaycommohlysmostacceptedformoflogicalreasoninginaptitudetests.Themostcommonlyusedtypeofsyllogismsiselucidatedinafrequentlyus

22、edexample:Premise1:Allmenaremortal.Premise2:Socratesisaman.Conclusion:Socratesismortal.NowpracticesyllogismsforIQtests.Pleasenotethattheconclusionisbasedonlogicalreasoninganddoesntnecessarilyrepresentthe“truth.always13. Valid();Invalid()Premise1:Allhumanactionisconditionedbycircumstances.Premise2:Al

23、lhumanactioninvolvesmorality.Conclusion:Allthatinvolvesmoralityisconditionedbycircumstances.Questions14(Suggestedcompletiontime:4minutes)Directions:Readthepassageaboutcontraposition.DecidewhetherthereasoningsareValidorInvalidbasedontheprinciplesofcontraposition.Inlogic,contrapositionisalawthatsaysth

24、ataconditionalstatementislogicallyequivalenttoitscontrapositive.Thecontrapositiveofthestatementhasitsantecedentandconsequentinvertedandflipped.Themostcommonlyusedtypeofcontrapositioniselucidatedinthefollowingexample:Premise1:Ifitisraining,thentherearecloudsinthesky.Premise2:Therearenocloudsinthesky.

25、Conclusion:Itisnotraining.NowpracticecontrapositionforIQtests.Pleasenotethattheconclusionisbasedonlogicalreasoninganddoesntnecessarilyrepresentthe“truth“always.14. Valid();Invalid()Premise1:IfheisnotanAmerican,heisnotfromTexas.Premise2:HeisfromTexas.Conclusion:HeisanAmerican.Questions15-17(Suggested

26、completiontime:6minutes)|Directions:Readthetextaboutasciencediscovery.Answerthequestionsaccordingtothetext.ManipulatingMemoryMemoryisnotoriouslymalleable.Ourrecollectionsfadeandtakeonnewmeanings;sometimeswerememberthingsthatneverevenhappened.But15Recently,however,scientistshavestartedtograspandtinke

27、rwithmemorysphysicalbasis.Lastyear,inworkevocativeoffilmssuchasEternalSunshineoftheSpotlessMindandInception,researchersdiscoveredwaystomanipulatespecificmemoriesinmiceusingoptogenetics,apowerfultechniquethatcantriggernervecellsinanimalsbrainsbyzappingthemwithbeamsoflaserlight.Inaseriesofexperiments,

28、theyshowedthattheycoulddeleteexistingmemoriesand“incept“falseones.Thisyear,researcherswentevenfurther:switchingtheemotionalcontentofamemoryinmicefrombadtogoodandviceversa.Underthelaser,forexample,malemicethathadonceassociatedacertainroomwithbeingshockedweretrickedintoactingasthoughtheyhadoncemetfrie

29、ndlyfemalemicethereinstead.Whetherthemiceintheseexperimentsactuallyexperiencedvividfalsememoriesorjustafuzzysenseofpleasureorfearisunclear.Norisitclearwhetherthefindingsapplytothetricksofmemorysofamiliartopeople.Long-soughttherapeuticadvances,suchastreatmentsforpost-traumaticstressdisorder,couldrema

30、infaroff.Onethingiscertain,however:Onceconsideredbeyondscientificdissection,memoryisfinallystartingtoyielditssecrets.15. Whichofthefollowingbestfitsthenumberedspaceinthepassage?A.whatisreallyhappeninginourbrainasmemoriesareremodeledremainsmysteriousB.scientistsarecuriousaboutwhypeopleareoblivioustow

31、hathavehappenedtothemC. advancedtechnologyhashelpedscientistsdiscovertheworkingsofourbrainD. somescientistsarguethatwhatweobserveabouthumanmemoryisnotwhatitreallyis16. Thewordincept“isclosestinmeaningto.E. operateF. startG. detectH. occupy17. Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassage?I. Peoples

32、falsememoriesresultfromtheimpactofdifferentemotionprovokedbylaterexperienceonthesamespot.J. Thesuccessinresearchindicatesthatitwontbelongthatatherapyisworkedoutforpeopledisturbedbypainfulmemory.K. Byzappingthebraincellsofmicewithlight,researchersareabletocreate,erase,oraltertheirmemories,goodorbad.L

33、. Manyfancyideasinsciencefictionsormoviesthatarebasedonthemactuallydrawgreatlyuponscientificachievement.Questions18-19(Suggestedcompletiontime:4minutes)Directions:Readthefollowingpassageaboutcholera.DecidewhetherthestatementsareTrueorFalseaccordingtothepassage.AchildreceivestheoralcholeravaccineShan

34、cholCholeraiscausedbyabacterialinfectionoftheintestine.Approximatelyonein20peopleinfectedwithcholerahasaseriouscase,withsymptomsincludingseverediarrhea,vomiting,andlegcramps.Thesesymptomsquicklycausedehydrationandshock,andcanresultindeathwithinhoursiftheinfectedpersondoesntreceivetreatment.Cholerais

35、typicallytransmittedbycontaminatedfoodorwater.Inareaswithpoortreatmentofsewageanddrinkingwater,thefecesofpeoplewithcholeracanenterthewatersupplyandspreadquickly,resultinginanepidemic.Thecholerabacteriummayalsoliveintheenvironmentinsomecoastalwaters,soshellfisheatenrawcanbeasourceofcholerainaffecteda

36、reas.18. Choleraisknowntobealife-threateningdiseasewhicheasilycausesdeathofmostofthepatients.True()False()19. Choleratypicallyoccursinareasneartheseaortheriverwherecontaminatedfoodisamajorsourceofthedisease.True()False()Questions20-21(Suggestedcompletiontime:5minutes)Directions:Readtheabstractofares

37、earchpaperfromtheDeepMindwebsite.DecidewhetherthestatementsareTrueorFalseaccordingtotheabstract.UwflOfrtr*1TeachingMachinestoReadandComprehendAuthors:K.M.Hermann,T.Ko?isky,E.Grefenstette,L.Espeholt,W.Kay,M.Suleyman,P.BlunsomPublished:NIPS2015Abstract:Teachingmachinestoreadnaturallanguagedocumentsrem

38、ainsanelusivechallenge.Machinereadingsystemscanbetestedontheirabilitytoanswerquestionsposedonthecontentsofdocumentsthattheyhaveseen,butuntilnowlargescaletrainingandtestdatasetshavebeenmissingforthistypeofevaluation.Inthisworkwedefineanewmethodologythatresolvesthisbottleneckandprovideslargescalesuper

39、visedreadingcomprehensiondata.Thisallowsustodevelopaclassofattentionbaseddeepneuralnetworksthatlearntoreadrealdocumentsandanswercomplexquestionswithminimalpriorknowledgeoflanguagestructure.20. Previousstudiesdidnttakeconstantefforttoevaluatethereadingabilityofartificialintelligencemachines,whichwasw

40、hythepresentresearchwasconducted.True()False()21. Oneimplicationoftheresearchisthatamethodologythathelpsgatherandhandlebigdataisindispensibletoartificialintelligencerelatedstudies.True()False()Questions22-23(Suggestedcompletiontime:5minutes)Directions:Readthepassageaboutthe“Thinksmall“advertisingcam

41、paign.Answerthequestionsaccordingtothepassage.dSvBl-AIT-rj4fe*ThinkSmallIfyoureinterestedinmarketingandadvertising,VolkswagensThinksmall“campaignfortheBeetkwasfirstintroducedtoNorthAmericain1959loomslargeasoneofthegreatestadvertisingcampaignsofalltime.Itwasntjustarevooutinautomotiveadvertising;itcha

42、ngedtheentireindustry.UntiltheBeetlehitthemarket,automotivemarketingcopywasfullofbluster,andtheimageswereflightsoffancy,emphasizinglow,longlinesandafantasylifestyle.Theclean,simplephotographyonawhitebackgroundthatemphasizedtheBeetlescompact,practicalformmayseemcommonplacethesedays,butitwasarevolutio

43、ninaworldwhereAmericansgrewupobsessedwithmusclecars,horsepower,andtiresmoke.Makingthecarsmall,whentheconventionwastomakeitfillthepage,wasalsonovel.Thesimplisticapproachtodesignandlayoutwastotallycontrarytotheadvertisingconventionsofthetime.22iThetextwasminimalistinbothlookandcontent,presentingthefac

44、tssimplyinsteadoftryingtoweavetalltalesandfantasies;andinsteadofbluster,itusheredinanintelligentsenseofhumorthatmadereadersfeelliketheywereinonthejoke.Themessagewasoneofsmartanti-luxury,andtookgentleaimatanindustryobsessedwithsuperficialityandstyling,ratherthanthesubstanceunderneaththecarbodies.Noto

45、nlydoes“Thinksmall“continuetoinspireVolkswagenadvertisingtothisday,itusheredinacreativerevolutionintheadvertisingbusinessandchangedtheworldofmarketingforever.Thinksmall”jpowerofhumorandhonesty,anditsphotographicanddesignprinciplesbroughtaboutamajorshiftinthelookandfeelofmarketingaroundtheworld.22. W

46、hichofthesentencesbelowbestfitsthenumberedspaceinthepassage?A. Whatdefinedtheadevenmorethanitsvisualstylewasthetoneofitscopy.B. Thisadstartsoffdoingtheexactoppositeofwhatyouwouldexpectinacarad.C. Thiswasanexerciseinminimalismandaveryaccuratereflectionontheproductitself.D. Thecarwasntdepictedasaninte

47、gralpieceofthedailylivesofamiddleclassfamily.23. Itcanbeinferredthattheadvertisingconventionsofthe1950swerereflectedinthefollowingexceptthat.A. theadsinthe1950stypicallyshowedproudownersandpassengersevokinggreatjoyaboutnewshinybigacquisitions.|B. themarketingconceptthenfocusedonprovidingasmuchinform

48、ationaspossibletothereadersuchasthewayitscreated.C. themarketingschemesassociatedtheadvertisedproductwithanideaorawayoflivingfromaverageconsumersperspective.D. themarketingpracticemayattachimportancetoasenseofhumorbroughtbytheuseofexaggeratedlanguage.PartIIIReadandQuestionInPartIII,youwillreadpassag

49、esonthesamesubject.Youwillberequiredtoidentifythewriterpositionandevaluatetheeffectivenessofthewritersarguments.(Timeallowed:30minutes)Questions24-35(Suggestedcompletiontime:30minutes)Directions:Readthreepassagesaboutfashion.Answerthequestionsaccordingtothepassages.PassageAItsnotthateasytoanswertheq

50、uestion,“whatisfashion?”becauseitmeansdifferentthingstodifferentpeople.Fashionisanart.Itsareligion.Itsajob.Itsapeekintoapersonality.Itspla：escapeoradisguise.Itisafeastfortheeyes.Butultimately,25.FrenchfashiondesignerCocoChaneloncesaid,“Fashionisnotsomethingthatexistsindressesonly.Fashionisinthesky,i

51、nthestreet,fashionhastodowithideas,thewaywelive,whatishappening.”Itstrue.Fashionisntdefinedsolelybyourclothingchoices,butisalsoconveyedthroughthewaywecarryourselves,ourpersonalitiesandourviewsoftheworld.Atitsmostfundamental,fashionissimplytheprevailingstyleorcustom,asindressorbehavior.So,whoexactlya

52、nswersthequestion“whatisfashion?WhodecideswhatsfashionableandwhatisnWhatsinorwhatsout?FashionDesigners.TheiconicfashionhousesPrada,Gucci,Chanelarereferredtoashautecouture,Frenchfor“highsewing.Thesedesignersleadthewayincreatingtrensettingfashion.Whilesomeoftheirdesignsareoutrageousandcompletelyunreal

53、isticwhenitcomestoeverydaywear,generallythethemeisadaptedintoversionssuitableforwearing.Media.Fashiontrendsareoftensparkedbycharactersonpopulartelevisionshowsandmoviesaswellasadoptedfrommagazinepages.SexandtheCity,“TheDevilWearsPrada,“theseshcedsiisttodunew,cutting-edgedesigns.Whileyoumightnotbecaug

54、htdeadwearingaCarrieBradshaworiginal,youmighttakeideasinspiredfromherlookandpiecetogetheryourowncreation.Celebrities.Aprimeexampleofacelebrity-drivenfashiontrend?UGGs.UntilKateHudsonandJessicaSimpsonwerespottedwearingthemaroundL.A.severalyearsago,noonehadgivenanythoughttoUGGboots.Nowtheyareeverywher

55、e.Musicians.Musicianshavealwaysbeenveryinfluentialwhenitcomestodictatingfashion.Rocknrollisfashion.Elvisisaniconicexample.Inthe1950s,everyonewantedtodresslikeElvis.Whatabouttheheavymetalhairbandssopopularinthe1980s?AxlRosereinventedtheheadbandanawhilePoison,MotleyCrueandBonJovisetthepaceforbig,rocke

56、rhair.|JustbecauseyoudontknowifaPradabagisfall2007orspring2008doesntmatter.Allthatmattersi;youlikeitanditsanexpressionofyou.Thatisfashion.PassageBFashionismoreprevalentinmodernsocietythaninprimitivetribesorpeasantcommunities.Themodernsocietyisanopensocietywhereclassdistinctionsarenotsorigidasinprimi

57、tivesociety.Itsurbanandmobileclassstructureenablespeopletocultivateindividualtasteandadoptnewcourse.Themodernsocietyismoretolerantofdifferencesandthereforeplacesfewshacklesonthecycleoffashion.Ourstandardsofjudgmenthavealsochanged.Todaytheindividualisratedmorebyobservableexternalitiesthanbyhisancestr

58、y,hischaracterorhisgenuineaccomplishments.Theclothesamanwears,thelanguagehespeaks,themannersheshowshavemoreweightinascribingastatusthanhissimplicity,patriotismandintegrity.Ifhecankeephimselfuptodateinthemattersofhisdress,speechandmanners,hewillassurehimselfahighsocialesteem.Notonlythemobileandurbancharacterofmodernsocietybutitsaffluencealsospeaksforgreaterprevalenceoffashioninit.Mentodayarericherthantheirancestorsandhavemoreleisure.Theyhavethenec