精選高中英語語法定語從句總結(jié)全

1、高中英語定語從何詳解I.概念：（1）定語從句：在主從復(fù)合句中用作定語的從何叫定語從句。定語從句一般緊接在先行詞（antecedent后面。（2）先行詞：被定語從何修飾的成份。先行詞可以為一個(gè)詞，短語，或整個(gè)主句。（3）引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞，分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系詞的作用：1）引導(dǎo)定語從旬，連接主旬和從旬，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)連詞；2）必在從句中作某個(gè)句子成份（可以做主語，賓語，表語，定語，狀語）常用的關(guān)系代詞：that、 which、who、whom、whose當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中做賓語時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞可以省略。常用的關(guān)系副詞（在從句中只作狀語）：when （時(shí)間狀語）、why （原因狀語）、w

2、here （地 點(diǎn)狀語）可以修飾人的關(guān)系代詞：that, who, whom, whose可以修飾事的關(guān)系代詞：that, which, as, whose,The student who answered the question was John.I know the reason why he was so angry.The boy （whom） you are talking to is my brother.I'd like a room whose window faces the sea.定語從句三步：第一找出先行詞；第二看先行詞在定語從句中的語法功能（做主語、賓語、表

3、語或狀語）；第三選擇合適的關(guān)系詞。n .幾個(gè)關(guān)系代詞的基本用法： that:可指人或物；在定語從句中作主語，賓語，表語。（指人時(shí)，相當(dāng)于 who或whom；指物時(shí)，相當(dāng)于which）（一般不用于非限制性定語從句；不可置于介詞后作賓語）如：1. A letter that/which is written in pencil is difficult to read.主語）2. Do you know the gentleman that/who spoke just now?3. You can take anything （ that） you like.（賓語）4. What is the

4、 question （that/which） they are talking about?5. Here is the man （ who/whom/that ） you want to see.6. She's no longer the girl （ that） she used to be befo re表語）7. Our hometown is no longer the one （that） it used to be.（=Our hometown is not the same as it used to be.=Our hometown is different fro

5、m what it used to b e=Our hometown is not what it used to be. which:指物；在定語從句中作主語，賓語。如：1. The book which/that was on the desk was bought by my father主語）2. The book （which/that） I bought yesterday is very interesting（賓語） who, whom, whose:who:主格，在從句中作主語，只可指人whom:賓格，在從句中只能作賓語；只可指人whose:表所屬關(guān)系，在從句中作定語。譯為：

6、某人的，某物的whose + 名詞 =the + n. + of which （某物的）the + n. + of whom （某人的）I like the students who/that work hard.（主語）The boy （that/ who / whom ） we saw yesterday is Tom.I know the girl whose father is a teacher.（whose father = the father of whom）A child whose parents are dead is called an orpha n指人）（whose

7、 parents = the parents of whom）I'd like a room whose window faces south.（指物）（whose window =the window of which）關(guān)系代詞作介詞賓語（在定語從句中，介詞提前時(shí)，介詞后：表人用 whom；表物用which） 關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中用作介詞賓語時(shí) ，介詞可放于從句之首，也可放于從旬之末.但以放 于句首較為正式.（介詞前置，必須注意不影響動(dòng)詞詞組的含義。 關(guān)系代詞who和that用作 介詞賓語時(shí),介詞必須放在旬末.）The man （whom / who / that ） my moth

8、er is talking with is Mr Black.=The man with whom my mother is talking is Mr Black.This is the book for which you asked.=This is the book （that/which） you asked for.Do you know the person with whom I shook hands=Do you know the person （whom/who/that） I shook hands with?The library from which we can

9、borrow books is very big.This is the book about which I told you just now. as的用法：（as引導(dǎo)定語從何,在定語從句中作主語、賓語、表語）如為限制性的，多用于 the same as ; the same s（sf相同）；such as（如此，這樣）；as many/much as（和一樣多）；so/asas （與一樣）等結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：I have the same book as you （have）我有本和你的樣的書。Her attitude to him was quite the same as it had a

10、lways beern（系代詞 as和指示代詞 same 連用，在從句中用作表語,先行詞是same.）.-Why didn't you mention that in face of the police just now?-I thought it was such a minor detail as was hardly worth mentioning.We will only discuss such problems as have something to do with our own interests.Don't do such things as you a

11、re not sure about.There is no such place as you dream of in all this world.比較：I live in the same house that he used to live in.I'm wearing the same shirt as you wore yesterday.比較： Here is so big a stone as no one can lift（定語從句）Here is so big a stone that no one can lift it.結(jié)果狀語從旬）如為非限制性的，as還可以單獨(dú)

12、引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語從句，代替整個(gè)主句，這種定語從何可置于 旬首，旬中或旬尾，譯為"正如，這一點(diǎn)”。（動(dòng)詞常為know, see, expect, point out, etc.As we all know, smoking is harmful to one's health . （as賓語）=As is known to all, smoking is harmful to one's health . （as 作主語） 眾所周知：As we all know,It ' s welhow （to us all） that=It's known to all

13、 that smoking is harmful to one's health .=Smoking is harmful to one's health , as we all know （as 作賓語）=Smoking, as we all know, is harmful to one' health.He was a foreigner, as I knew from his accent.（賓語，先行詞是前面整個(gè)句子 ）m .關(guān)系副詞（when, where, why川導(dǎo)的定語從句，它們后面的句子完整，只缺狀語，它們都可 以等于 介詞+ which,其中 wh

14、y只等于for which. When指時(shí)間，在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語。其先行詞是表時(shí)間的名詞（如： time, day, week, tear, month, etc.He came last night when I was out.We will put off the picnic until next week, when the weather would be better.注意：先行詞為“時(shí)間名詞"，可用when引導(dǎo)定語從句，when在定語從句中作狀語；還可以用which或that引導(dǎo)，which或that在從句中作主語或賓語。比較：I still remember t

15、he day when /on which my brother joined the army （作狀語）I still remember the days which/that we spent together.（作謂語 spent 的賓語）Next winter which/that you'll spend in Harbin, will be exciting.（賓語）I shall never forget the day when Shen Zhouv was launched.There are occasions when joking is not permiss

16、ible. Where指地點(diǎn)，在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。其先行詞是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞，如：place, school, factory, room, etc.This is the place where I was born.I live in the room where /in which he used to live.注意：先行詞是“地點(diǎn)名詞”，定語從句可用 where引導(dǎo)，還可用which或that弓I導(dǎo)，which/that 在從句中作主語或賓語。比較:This is the factory where /in which he worked last year.（作狀語）This i

17、s the park which/that they visited last year.（作賓語） Why指原因，在定語從句中作原因狀語。先行詞為reason時(shí)，可用for which指代；當(dāng)關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語或賓語時(shí)，則用 which或that引導(dǎo)。如：The reason why +定語從句is that +表語從句（的原因是 ）The reason why / for which / （that） he didn't come to school was that he was ill.I don't believe the reason （that/which） h

18、e gave me.（作賓語）He asked me the reason that can explain my succes s. 作主語）He was late .That's because he got up late.（That ' s because® 因）那是因?yàn)镠e got up late. That's why he was late表語從句）（That' s why + 吉果） 那是的原因（the reason） why/for which he was late.定語從句）當(dāng)先行詞為way時(shí)，定語從何常用that, in whi

19、ch,或省略引導(dǎo)詞way后的定語從句 的引導(dǎo)詞不用時(shí)較多。但如果關(guān)系詞在句中作主語或賓語時(shí)，則用 which 或that引導(dǎo)。如：This is the way （that） / （in which） I do such things.比較:Please do the experiment in the way （that/which） I have shown you.IV.限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別：1 .形式上，非限制性定語從句往往用逗號(hào)隔開。2 .語法上，非限制性定語從句一般不用that.3 .語義上，限制性定語從何與先行詞關(guān)系緊密，起限定作用，如果去掉了這個(gè)定語從句，整

20、個(gè)句子就不完整或者會(huì)改變意思；而非限制性定語從何與先行詞關(guān)系不是很緊密，對(duì)先行詞 起補(bǔ)充說明或描述的作用。This is the book I like best. 這就是我最喜歡的那本書。Beijing, （which has been China's capital for more than 800 years ）, is rich in cultural andhistoric relics.北京是中國八百年之久的古都，它有著豐富的文化和歷史遺產(chǎn)。4 .翻譯時(shí)，限制性定語從句可譯為一句(較短的一般譯為"的"字結(jié)構(gòu))；而非限制性定語從句可譯為兩句。(見上句翻譯

21、)比較: He has a sister, who is a musician.He has a sister who is a musician.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的關(guān)系代詞，指人時(shí)用who, whom, whose，指物時(shí)用which , whose;關(guān)系副詞 when, where, why, etc.1. He studied hard at school when he was young, which leads to his success in his later life. (which代替整個(gè)前面整個(gè)主句)2. Tom's father, who arrived

22、just now, is a famous scientist.3. They set up a separate state of their own, where they would be free to keep Negroes as slaves.4. He was proud, which his brother never was.V.幾個(gè)易混淆的關(guān)系代詞的比較： that & which:在定語從句中，which和that在指代事物時(shí)，一般可以互換使用，但并非在任何情況下都是這樣，這里介紹宜用that,而不宜用which的情況.只能用that的情況：先行詞為 much,

23、 little, none, all, few, every(thing), any(thing), no(thing), the one不定代詞或受其修飾時(shí)；1 .We should do all that is useful to the people .2 .There's nothing that can be said about it .3 .Do you mean the one that was bought yesterday?先行詞被the only, the very修飾時(shí)；1 .The only thing that we could do was to wai

24、t.2 .That's the very word that is wrongly used.比較 *This is one ofthe best novels thawere published last year.*This is the only one ofthe best novels thawas published last year.先行詞是序數(shù)詞時(shí)或被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)，包括the last, the next;1 .When we talk about Wuxi, the first that comes into mind is Tai Lake.2 .This is

25、the third film that has been shown in our school this term.先行詞是最高級(jí)或被最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)；1 .This is the best that can be done now.2 .The most important thing that should be done right now is how to stop him from going on.先行詞既有人又有物，只用that.如：1 .The writer and his novel that you have just talked about is really well

26、 known .2 .The rider and his bike that had run over an old woman were held up by the police.被修飾詞為數(shù)詞時(shí).1.Yesterday I caught two fish and put them in a basin of water .Now you can see the two that are still alive .如果有兩個(gè)從句，其中一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞已用which,另一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞宜用that,以避免語言的單調(diào)或重復(fù)。Edison built up a factory which produce

27、d things that had never been seen before.主句是以who或which開頭的疑問句時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞宜用 that,以避免重復(fù)。1. Which is the book that you like best?2. Who is the man that is standing at the gate?主句是There be結(jié)構(gòu)，修飾其主句的定語從旬宜用that作關(guān)系代詞.如：1. There is still a seat in the corner that is still free.先行詞在從句中做表語時(shí)2. He is not the young man

28、 that he was 30 years ago.3. My home village is no longer the place （ that ） it used to be .定語從句中宜用 which而不宜用that的情況：當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞的前面有介詞時(shí).1.A zoo is a park in which many kinds of animals are kept for exhibition.2.Is this the room in which Mr. White lives?在非限制性定語從句中.1 .Crusoe's dog, which was are now ver

29、y old, became ill and died .2 .More and more people are beginning to learn English, which is becoming very popular in our country. （which指代主句）在一個(gè)句子中有兩個(gè)定語從句，其中一個(gè)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞用了that,另一個(gè)宜用which .1. Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.2. At the station I bou

30、ght some magazines that might help me to pass the time on the train and which I could pass on to others when I finished them.當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞后面帶有插入語時(shí).1. Here's the English grammar which, as I have told you, will help improve your English.先行詞本身是that,宜用which .What's that which she is looking at?先行詞是those+l（數(shù)名詞.A shop should