現(xiàn)在完成時整理歸納

1、's off現(xiàn)在完成時講解部分現(xiàn)在完成時的構(gòu)成：助動詞 have （has） +過去分詞1 表示過去發(fā)生或完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。例如：I have just cleaned my clothes. 我剛洗過衣服。（洗衣服”是發(fā)生在過去的動作，對現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是衣服干凈了”現(xiàn)在完成時常用的時間狀語有：already （"已經(jīng)”用于肯定句的中間和末尾處）never （從不"用于中間處）ever （"曾經(jīng)”用于疑問句和肯定句的中間處）just （剛剛”用于中間處）yet （已經(jīng)”用于疑問句的末尾處/還”用于否定句的末尾處）或不加任何的時間狀語，但

2、不能和表示過去的時間狀語連用 1.現(xiàn)在完成時的”完成用法”A、定義 現(xiàn)在完成時的”完成用法”指的是動作發(fā)生在過去某一時 刻并已結(jié)束但該動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生了影響與現(xiàn)在情況具有因果關(guān)系。例如 He has turned off the light.他已把燈關(guān)了。（動作結(jié)束于過去 沈但說明的是現(xiàn)在的情況-燈現(xiàn)在不亮了。）B、特點(diǎn) 現(xiàn)在完成時”完成用法”的特點(diǎn)是動作不延續(xù)因此該時態(tài) 只能與表示不定的過去時間狀語（如already yet beforer ecently等）、頻度時間狀語（如 never ever once等）、包括現(xiàn)在時刻在內(nèi)的時間狀語（如thismorning/ mon th /year

3、.today 等）連用。例如 Have you found your pen yet?你已找到你的鋼筆了嗎？2. 現(xiàn)在完成時的”未完成用法”A、定義 現(xiàn)在完成時的”未完成用法”指的是動作開始于過 去某一時刻海一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或可能還要繼續(xù)下去。例如He has lived here si nee 1978.自從1978年以來他一直住 在這兒。（動作起始于1978年一直住到現(xiàn)在可能還要繼續(xù)住 下去。）I have bee n in the army for more tha n 5 years. 我在部隊(duì)已經(jīng) 呆了五年多了。（動作開始于5年前瓜一直延續(xù)至今漁有可 能還要繼續(xù)下去。）B、特點(diǎn)此種用法

4、的句中常需一個表示一段時間的狀語 （由si nee或for引導(dǎo)）或表示與現(xiàn)在時刻相連的時間狀語（如up to now=so far至U目前為止 ）等。例女口 I have heard nothing from him up to now.至U目前為止我沒有他的任何消息。注意現(xiàn)在完成時的未完成用法只適用于延續(xù)性動詞， 不可用于終止性動詞即瞬間完成或延續(xù)時間很短的動詞。如come go arrive leave join become 等?，F(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的用法比較現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去的動作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在甚至?xí)^續(xù)下去或 表示過去的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響；一般過去時表示動作發(fā)生的時間在過去。試比

5、較：The plane has arrived .飛機(jī)已經(jīng)來了。（說明現(xiàn)在的情況：飛機(jī)在這兒）The plane arrived a quarter ago.飛機(jī)是一刻中以前來的。（強(qiáng)調(diào)動作發(fā)生的時間在過去）I have taught here for fifteen years. 我在這兒已經(jīng)教了十五年。（表示十五年前的動作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，還可能會繼續(xù)。）I taught here for a year.我過去在這兒教過一年。（表示 我 現(xiàn)在 已經(jīng)不在這兒任教了）1. 一般過去時表示過去某個時間發(fā)生的事、存在的狀態(tài)或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作。說話的側(cè)重點(diǎn)只在于陳述一件過去的事情不強(qiáng)調(diào)對"現(xiàn)在

6、"產(chǎn)生的影響。如He visited Guilin in 1998.他1998年參觀過桂林。（只說明去桂林的時間）2. 現(xiàn)在完成時表示動作發(fā)生在過去對現(xiàn)在造成了影響或產(chǎn)生了結(jié)果。不與確定的過去時間狀語連用。如 Jill has bought a new computer.吉爾買了一臺新電腦。（著重點(diǎn) 是現(xiàn)在有了一臺新電腦）3. 兩種時態(tài)的區(qū)分（1）一般過去時的謂語動詞用過去式而現(xiàn)在完成時的謂語基本構(gòu)成是"助動詞have /has +過去分詞"。女口The film started at 7o' clock. He has been a teacher fo

7、r many years.（2）一般過去時通常與表示過去的時間狀語連用。如 yesterday,last week, two years ago, just no w, i n 2002 等而現(xiàn)在完成時則常與 just, already, ever, never 等副詞禾口 these days, this week, since., for.等表示一段時間的狀語連用。have been in, have been to 與 have gone to 的用法區(qū)另U一、have（has） been in表示 在某地呆多長時間 ”常與表示一段時間的狀語連用，如：si nee, for, how l

8、ong等。例如：Mr. Brow n has bee n in Shan ghai for three days. 布朗先生來上海已 經(jīng)有三天了。此外還有這些搭配：have bee n here （there） /at home （school）/on the farm have been here （there） / abroad（國夕卜）二、have（has）been to表示 曾經(jīng)去過某地 ”現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那里了。可與 just, ever, never 等連用，例如：I have just been to the postoffice.我剛才去郵局了。Mary has never bee

9、n to the Great Wall.瑪麗從未去過長城。Have you ever been to Hangzhou?你曾經(jīng)去過杭州嗎？have（has） been to后面可接次數(shù)，表示去過某地幾次。例如：I have been to Beijing three times.我去過北京三次。They have been to that village several times. 他們?nèi)ミ^那個村莊好 幾次了。三、have（has） gone to意為 到某地去了 ”表示到了某地或正在 去某地的途中?？傊?，說話時該人不在現(xiàn)場，一般不用第一、第 二人稱代詞作句子的主語。例如：-Where is

10、 Tom?-He has gone to the bookshop.湯姆在哪里？他到書店去了。Jack Johnson has gone to London.杰克.約翰遜到倫敦去了。現(xiàn)在完成時練習(xí)部分用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. Ialready(see) the film. I(see) it last week.2. he(fini sh) his work today ?Not yet .3. you(be) to Hong Kong ?-Yes, I(be) there twice .4. you ever(eat ) chocolate ?No, n ever.5. My fath

11、erjust(come) back from work. Heis tired now.6. Where ' Li Mi ng ? He(go) to the teacher7. Shanghai (be) a small town hundreds of years ago.Now it(become) a large city.8. So far I(make) quite a few friends here.9. - I(see) the film“ Chicken Run ” .-Where and whe nyou(see) it? - Last week.10. Mary

12、already(have) her supper.11. I(not want) to see the film. I(see) itwith my pare nts. We(see) it last Sun day.12. -Uncle Wang(me nd) the TV yet?-Yes, he.-Whenheit? - Yesterday.13. you(read) today' s newspaper yet?14 They already(do) their homework. But theydon ' t know what(do) next.15. -you(

13、see) the film last ni ght?-No, I(see) it for several times.請嘗試著做以下的練習(xí)1. I(work) here si nee I(move) here in 1999.2. -How longthe Smiths(stay)here?-For two weeks.3. She(be) ill for three days.4. She(not read) this book before.5. you ever(travel) on a train before?6. -Wei Hua(come) yet?-Yes. She(come)

14、 already. She(come) just now.7. -How longyou(lear n) En glish? -For morethan two years.8. They (live) in Chi na si nee they (move) to China.11. My fatherjust(come) back from work. He is tired now.現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)練習(xí)寫出下列動詞的的過去式和過去分詞repairbebeginpayrunsendcutcatchmovefeelgeteatholdhurtlear nleavelosewinun dersta

15、 ndthrowswimsleepstudysingtakewearlay二.用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空5. - I(see) the film"Chicken Run ” last week2.我們足夠幸運(yùn)，可以看見國家的變化。-Whereyou(see) it?6. We(hold) a sports meet ing n ext week.11. Whathe(do) at 8:00 last ni ght?12. Mum(cook) whe n I got home yesterday.13. I(not want) to see the film. I(see)it with

16、 my pare nts. We(see) it last Sun day.14. The teacher told us that the earth(travel) around the sun.15. you(read) today' s newspaper yet16. Theyalready(do) their homework.17. - Where is Jim?- He(water) the flowers in the garde n.19. A squirrel(松鼠)(hide) itself if it(feel) dangerous.20. -WhatTom(

17、do) now?-He(work) on a maths problem.- He (work) it out?-No, not yet. I (th ink) he(work) it out soon.21. - I(hear) a lot about Hong Kong Disn eyla nd recen tly.-Next time you go to Hong Kong, I will take you there.22. Maryalready(have) her supper.23. If hun ters catch a gia nt pan da, they(kill) it

18、 for its fur.24. My father(walk) to school from time to time.25. -Why are you late aga in?-Sorry, I(not be) late n ext time.26. - A man n amed Wang Hao(call) you twice just now.-He is one of my old frien ds. I(not meet) him si nee I leftfor Hong Kong.27. My pa rents(return) today.the airport.28. -Un

19、cle Wang(repair) the TV yet?-Yes, he.-Whenhe(repair) it?-Yesterday.29. -1 ' m hungry Mum.Don-Hun gry? Youust(eat) four hamburgers.30. you(be) to Beiji ng?-Yes, Ialready(be) there twice.三翻譯句子1. 他自從去了美國以后就沒給我寫過信。HesinceWe areto seewith our eyes.3. 我原來居住的地方已變成了一個購物中心。The place I used to live in4. 我

20、不能像以前那樣經(jīng)?？吹剿麄儭 can ' t see them5. 這家工廠過去常常把廢棄物倒進(jìn)河里。This factoryin to the river.一、動詞填空。1. She(be) away from home for almost four years.2. The sun(rise ) in the east.3. You look tired. Stop(work) and (have) a rest.4. I( not hear) from you for a long time.5. My brother(be ) to En gla nd twice.6. M

21、r Gree n(not come) back to China yet.7. Who(teach ) you math last term?8. They(go) to the shopp ing cen ter already.9. Liste n, Xiao Li(sing) in the n ext room.10. They(play) football whe n I walked past.二、句型轉(zhuǎn)換(每空一詞)。1. I have been to Macau before.(改為否定句)Ibee n to Macau before.2. He hasn ' t com

22、e to schbecause he ' .s(就劃線部分提問)'t forget to meet them athe come to school?3.He has learned English for 5 years.(就劃線部分提問)lear ned En glish ?4.I bought a new bike just now.(用 just 改寫)Ijusta new bike.5. We began to learn English three years ago.(改為同義句 )WeEn glishthree years6. He has lived here

23、 si nee 1999.(就劃線部分提問)hehere?7. They have already fini shed the work. 變否定Theythe work.8. My father got there two days ago. 同義句My fatherthere for two days.9. Mr. Li began to teach En glish in this school in 1999. 同義句Mr. LiEn glish in this school si nee 1999.10. They have cleaned the room twice this w

24、eek.（就劃線部分提問）theythe room this week?11. My father went to England in 2003 and 2005. 同義句My fatherEn gla nd.選擇題1. Li Hong hasthe army for 2 years.A. joi ned B. be in C. bee n in D. joi ned in2. We have bee n friends since.A. childre n B. five yearsC. five years ago D. five years before3. Mikethe story

25、 book for a mon th.A. has bought B. has had C. had had D. has borrowed4. Youthat questi on three times.A. already asked B. have already askedC. already have asked D. asked already5. Those foreig n friends left Guan gzhou.A. since last week B. a week agoC. for a week D. since a week ago6. Iat this sc

26、hool for two years.A. am study ing B. studyC. studied D. have studied7. Theyin the city si nee last summer.A. live B. didn ' t live C. have lived D. live8. Mrs. Wang has lived in Haikou1992.A. since B. from C. after D. i n9. Mr. BlackChina si nee the summer of 1998.A. has bee n toB. has bee n in

27、 C. has come to D. came to10. His fatherfor years.A. has died B. has bee n deadC. died D. dies11. Maryto see the films because sheit twice.A. won ' t go, sawB. won ' t go, will seeC. won ' t go, has seerD. didn ' ot gees12. Would you like some more food?Thank you. Ieno ugh.A. will ha

28、ve B. have had C. have D. had13. youEn gla nd? Yes, ita beautiful coun try.A. Will, gone to, wasB. Have, bee n to, isC. Had, bee n to, isD. Have, gone to, is14. -youto Beiji ng?-No, Ithere early n ext mon th.A. Have, been, haven ' t, am goingB. Had, been, hadn ' t, am goingC. Have, gone, hav

29、en ' t, inas goD. Did, go, didn ' t, was going15. Your sisterto London to study En glish. Is that true? -Yes ,shethere for two mon ths.A. has been, has been B. will go, has goneC. gone, will be D. has gone, has bee n16. He has a computer of his own. Heit two days ago.A. bought B. bought C. b

30、oughtD. has bought17. Where is Li Lei? HeSha nghai.A. has gone to B. has bee n to C. went toD. goes to18. Hehis homework and is now liste ning to music.A. fini shesB. has fini shedC. finish D. is finishing19. DavidShan ghai for more tha n three mon ths.A. came to B. has bee n to C. has bee n in D. h

31、as come to20. - Is your father a Party member?-Yes, hethe party three years ago. Hea Party memberfor three years.A. jo in ed; has bee nB. has join ed; has bee nC. was join ed; is D. joi ned; was21. -What a nice bike! How loneyouit?Just five weeks.A. will; buy B. did; buy C. are; havi ng D. have; had

32、22. Ithis book for a weekhave to retur n it now.A. borrowed B. have borrowed C. kept D. have kept23. -your sisterin Gree n China for a long time?Yes. She joined it five years ago.A. Has; bee n B. Have; bee n C. Has; jo ined D. Have; jo ined24. -How long have youfrom the USA? -For three mon ths.A. co

33、me back B. retur nedC. go back D. bee n back25. Ithis book for half a year.A. have bought B. have had C. bought D . had26. The stude nts are sorry to hear that famous sin gerfor a year.A. has left B. has gone C. has bee n awayD. has gone away27. -youyour homework yet?-Yes, Iit just now.A. Did; do; f

34、ini shedB. Have; done; fini shedC. Have; done; have fini shedD. Will; do; fin ish28. The sand storm weatherin Beijing several times this year.A. happe nB. happe ned C. has happe nedD. have happe ned29. -How long have you bee n here? -last month.A. ForB. UntilC. BeforeD. Si nce30. Hea cold for three

35、days.A. has caught B. has had C. has got D. caught31. Jim Gree nin Ch ina for two years.A. has come B. has bee n C. has arrived D. came32. The filmfor half an hour.A. has been on B. has begun C. hasn ' t begunD. began33. Where have youthese days?I have to Beijing with my friends.A.been gone B.be

36、en beenC. gone beenD.gone gone34 How long have youthis bookA. bought B.borrowed C. had D.le nt35. We have lived herefive years agoA. whe nB.si nce C.before D.after36 I have watched the game.Whenyouit ?A.have watched B.do watchC.did watchD.will watch37 How do you like Beiji ng, Mr. Black?Oh Isuch a b

37、eautiful city.A don' tis/itBdidn ' t visitC haven ' t visited D hadn ' t visited38 Miss Brow nto the Great Wall twice.A have bee n B has bee nC have goneD has gone39. His brother has been to Stone Forest twice he came toYunnan A afterB beforeC si nce D for40. His gran dpafor two year

38、s.A.was diedB.has bee n deadC.was dead D.has died2) The door ope ned at six in the morning.練習(xí)：I .翻譯下列句子：1. 你曾經(jīng)吃過魚和薯?xiàng)l嗎？2. 我剛剛丟了我的化學(xué)書。3. 我以前從來沒去過那個農(nóng)場。4. 他已經(jīng)吃過午飯了。5. 你已經(jīng)看過這部電影了嗎？6. 我哥哥還沒回來。7. 我上星期看過這部電影。8. 在1992年他住在這里。II .用過去時或現(xiàn)在完成時填空：1. “you(have) lunch ?“ Yes'. ”“ Whenyou(have) it? “I (have) it a

39、t 12:00.”2. “you(write) a letter to your aunt yet?“ Yes, I. I(writ e) one last week.3. he(finish) his homework?“'Not yet.4. they ever(be) abroad? ”“ Yes, just once.5. Your fatherjust(fin ish) his work.6. Your father(fini sh) his work just now.7. Last term I(lear n) many En glish words.8. They(no

40、t read) the in terest ing books yet.9.Hen ever(go) to the scie nee museum.10you ever(dri nk) coke?11ayou(buy) a dicti on ary?a“ Yes, I“ Whereyou(buy) it? ”“1(buy) it in a bookstore.Whenyou_ (buy) it?” “ Yesterday. ”練習(xí):用si nee和for填空1)two years2)two years ago3)last month4)19995)yesterday6)4 o' clo

41、ck7)4 hours8)an hour ago9)we were childre n10)lunch time11)she left here用si nee和for填空1. He has lived in Nan ii ngthe year before last.2. I've known himwe were childre n.3. Our teacher has studied Japa nesethree years.4. She has bee n away from the cityabout ten years.5. It's about ten yearss

42、he left the city.2. 短暫性轉(zhuǎn)換延續(xù)性 arrive at/in sw. get to/reach sw. come/go/move to sw.t be in sw./at school/at home/on the farm/be here/be there1) He got to Beiji ng five minu tes ago.HeBeiji ng for2) I moved to the USA last year.Ithe USA since3) I went home yesterday.Ihome for.4)They ca'me here las

43、t week.Theyhere since come/go back, return t be backcome/go out t be out1)He came out two years ago.Hefor.2)We retur n to Fuzhou yesterday.Weto Fuzhou since become t be1)I became a teacher in 2000.I a teacher for2) The river became dirty last year.The riverdirty for close t be closed open t be open1

44、) The shop closed two hours ago.The shopforThe doorfor six hours. get up t be up die t be deadleave sw. t be away from sw.fall asleep/get tot sleept be asleepfini sh/e ndt be ovmrarry t be married1) I got up two hours ago.Isi nee.2) He left Fuzhou just now.HeFuzhou for five mi nu tes.3) My grandpa d

45、ied in 2002.My gran dpafor.4) The meet ing fini shed at six.The meeti ngfor six hours.5) I got to sleep two hours ago.Isi nee.6) They married in 1990.Theysince. start/begin to do sth. t do sth. begin t be on1) I began to teach at this school in 1995.Iat this school since.2) The film bega n two minu

46、tes ago.The filmfor. borrow t keeplose t not have buy t haveput on t wear catch/get a cold t have a coget to know t know1) They borrowed it last week.Theyit si nee.2) I bought a pen two hours ago.Ia pen for.3) I got to know him last year.Ihim si nee.4) I put on my glasses three years ago.Imy glasses

47、 for. have/has gone to t have bee n in1) He has gone to Beiji ng.HeBeiji ng for two days. join the league/the Party/the armyt be a league/a Party member/a soldiert be a member of the league/the Party t be in the league/the Party/the army 1) He joined the league in 2002.Heafor two years.Heathefor two

48、 years.Hethe league fortwo years.2) My brother joined the army two years ago.My brotheraforMy brotherinfor two years.3漢譯英1）這本字典我已買了三年了。2）他離開中國三年了。3）我認(rèn)識他們五年了。4）他們已去了美國五年了。5）自從他搬到福州，他就住這兒了。6）他們已經(jīng)結(jié)婚 10年。7）我妹妹成為一個大學(xué)生已經(jīng)三年。8）這會已開了多長時間了？9）這門已經(jīng)關(guān)了兩天了。10）我入團(tuán)2年了。IIatwo years ago.for two years.Iaoffor two years

49、.Ithefor two years.11）自從1999年以來他們就認(rèn)識。12）我來到農(nóng)場已 5年了。4. 劃線提問1） I have bee n there for two days.?youyour father2)My father has lived here since 2000.?3)He left here yesterday.he?4)They bought a book two hours ago.theya book?練習(xí)：I. 用 have(has) been 或 have(has) gone 填空。A: WhereLi Fei?B: Heto Hai nan Isla

50、nd.A: How longhethere?B: Hethere for three days.A: When will he come back , do you know?B: I ' m afraid he won ' t come back recently.A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Isla nd?B: Sorry, In everthere.A: How many timesLi Feito that place?B: Hethere only on ce.II. 用 have/has been to/in, ha

51、ve gone to 及 go 的各種形式填空。1) Where is Jack? Hehis coun try.2)Davidthe park just now.3)Joh nEn gla nd since he came back.4)How longhethis village?5)The SmithsBeijing for years.6)youeverAmerica?- Yes, Itheremany times.7) Ithis school since three years ago.8) Where is Jim? Hethe farm.9) Whenhe? Hean hour

52、 ago.10) Would you like to the zoo with me?-Yes, but Ithere before.11) Whereyounow? - Ithe zoo.12) He oftenyou swimming ?13) youthere last year?14) they oftenskating in winter?III. 翻譯下列句子：1. 他已經(jīng)來中國三年多了。2. 他們出國兩個月了。3. 我從來沒去過長城。4. 你曾經(jīng)出過國嗎？5. 他已經(jīng)去圖書館了。6. 他來這兒五年了。7. 昨天他去了公園。8. 你要去哪里？ ” 我要去學(xué)校?！?. 他常常去游泳。

53、綜合練習(xí)：I. 用 never, ever, already, yet, for, since 填空1. I havesee n him before, so I have no idea about him.2. Jack hasfini shed his homeworkan hour ago.3. Mr. Wang has taught i n this schoolten years.4. “ Have youseen the film?“ No, I have X”see n it.5. “ Has the bus left?“ Yes, it hasleft.1. 他們已經(jīng)打掃了教

54、室嗎？2. 我們已經(jīng)認(rèn)識有二十年了。3. 打那以后，她一直住在這。4. 你曾經(jīng)到過那里嗎？” 不，我從來沒到過那里。”III. 用適當(dāng)?shù)臅r態(tài)填空：I. She ' _s(live) here ever si nee she was ten.2. Both of them(be) in Hongkong for ten days.3. Both of them(come) to Hongkong ten days ago.4. Half an hour(pass) since the train(leave).5. Mary(lose) her pen .you(see)it here and there?6. you(find) your watch yet?7. -Are you thirsty?-No I just(have) some oran