直接引語和間接引語講解及練習(xí)

1、 直接引語變間接引語定義：我們轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話時(shí)，可以引用別人的原話，被引用的部分稱為直接引語；用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話叫間接引語。這兩種引語都是賓語從句，但是直接引語放在引號內(nèi)，不用連詞聯(lián)接；間接引語不用引號，通常用連接詞與主句聯(lián)接一、直接引語變間接引語時(shí)句式的變化1. 陳述句變?yōu)橐?that 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句例： He said, “Im very glad.” He said he was very glad.2. 一般疑問句變?yōu)閕f (whether)引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。例： He said, “Can you come this afternoon, John?” He asked John c

2、ould come that afternoon.3. 特殊疑問句變?yōu)橛蓋ho, what, when，why, where等特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句例 : He said, “Where is Mr. Wang?” He asked where Mr. Wang was. Tom says to me, “what food do you like best”. Tom asks me food I like best4. 祈使句變間接引語時(shí)，要變成ask/ tell/order sb（not）to do sth。Our parents told us“Learn English well!

3、”我們的父母告訴我們：“把英語學(xué)好??！” Our parents told us English well. 我們的父母告訴我嗎要把英語學(xué)好。The teacher said to me, “Dont read that novel!” The teacher asked/ told me that novel. Our parents told us, “ Never do wrong!” 父母告訴我們：“不要做錯(cuò)事！”O(jiān)ur parents told us never to do wrong. 我們的父母告訴我們不要做錯(cuò)事。二、 人稱的變化【點(diǎn)撥】人稱的變化一般遵循“一同主，二隨賓，三不變

4、”這一原則例如： “I went to the Great Wall yesterday,” Li Hua said. Li Hua said that he had gone to the Great Wall the day before.“Ill come to help you whenever you need my help,” he answered her. He answered her that he would come to help her whenever she needed his help.She said to me, “Your pronunciation

5、 is better than his.” She told me that my pronunciation was better than his.三、時(shí)態(tài)變化 主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是一般過去時(shí)，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞在時(shí)態(tài)方面要做相應(yīng)的變化，總的原則是向過去推一個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)的變化例句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過去時(shí)She said, “I need a calculator.” She said that she needed a calculator.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)Jim said, “Im expecting a long distance call.” Jim said that he was expe

6、cting a long distance call.一般將來時(shí)過去將來時(shí)Nancy said, “Ill call again later.” Nancy said that she would call again later.一般過去時(shí)過去完成時(shí)He said, “I took it home with me.” He said that he had taken it home with him.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)Paul said, “Our team has won the match.” Paul said that their team had won the match.過

7、去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)He said, “I had finished my homework before supper.” He said that he had finished his homework before supper.四、 指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語和動(dòng)詞的變化變化形式例句指示代詞thisthatShe said, “She is coming this week.” She said that she was coming that week.thesethoseHe said, “These books are mine.” He said those books we

8、re his.時(shí)間狀語nowthenHe said, “Its ten oclock now.” He said that it was ten oclock then.todaythat dayHe said, “I havent seen her today.” He said that he hadnt seen her that day.tonightthat nightShe said, “Ill come again tonight.” She said that she would go again that night.yesterdaythe day beforeHe sai

9、d, “This happened yesterday.” He said that this had happened the day before.Threedays agothree days beforeShe said, “I arrived two days ago.”She said that she had arrived two days before.tomorrow the next daythe following dayShe said, “I”ll be back tomorrow.” She said that he would be back the next

10、day.next weekthe next weekShe said, “Ill do it next week.” She said that she would do it the next week.地點(diǎn)狀語herethereShe said, “I came here to see Tom.” She said that he had gone there to see Tom.動(dòng)詞come/bringgo/takeHe said, “I brought it home with me.” He said he had taken it home with him.【拓展延伸】 直接引

11、語變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)不作改變的情況 主句的謂語動(dòng)詞為現(xiàn)在或?qū)頃r(shí)態(tài)，從句的時(shí)態(tài)無需變化例如： He says, “Im tired.” He says that he is tired. He will say, “The boy was lazy.” He will tell you that the boy was lazy. 當(dāng)直接引語是客觀真理時(shí)，不受時(shí)間的限制，因此不需要變化時(shí)態(tài)。Our geography teacher said to us, “The earth goes round the sun.”O(jiān)ur geography teacher told us that the

12、 earth goes round the sun. 直接引語是一般過去時(shí)，并且和具體的過去時(shí)間連用，時(shí)態(tài)不作改變She said, “I was born in 1995.” She said that she was born in 1995.【典型例題】（1）Can you tell me_? A. what the matter is B. what matter it is C. whats the matter D. the matter is what（2）The physics teacher said the earth _around the sun. A. is movi

13、ng B. moved C. had moved D. moves【語法專練】1. Mother asked the youngest kid_with his car.A. what the matter B. What was the matterC. what the matter is D. what is the matter2. The tourist asked the guide what he_visit the next day.A. was going to B. will C. is going in D. is to3. The teacher told us tha

14、t light_ faster than sound.A. traveled B. had traveled C. is traveling D.travels4. Tom hanks told his teacher that he_born in 1968.A. was B. had been C. is D. has been5. Linda asked Amy_ she could tell her the general ideas of the poem.A. that B. whether C. what D. how6. My brother said to me, “Im g

15、oing to have a holiday next week.” My brother _ _ _ _going to have a holiday the next week.7. Mother said to me, “What are you doing in the room?”Mother asked me_ _ _ _ in the room.8.He asked, “ Can I borrow your bike?” He asked _ _ _ borrow my bike9.Tom said to me, “ Do you like football?” Tom aske

16、d me _ _ _football10.She said to me, “ I went over my lessons last night.” She told me _ _ _over her lessons the night before.附：Unit I 短語歸納1. 做個(gè)好朋友 to be a good friend 2. 做下列調(diào)查 make the following survey 3. 合計(jì)總分 add up the score 4. 得分 get points 5. 心煩意亂地來到學(xué)校 come to school upset 6. 不理睬鈴聲 ignore the b

17、ell 7. 使你那個(gè)德國朋友平靜下來 calm down your German friend 8. 關(guān)心你朋友 be concerned about your friend(s) 9. 松開了 get loose 10. 不得不去戶外遛狗 have got to walk the dog outdoors 11. 幫他期末考試作弊 help him cheat in the end-of-term exam 12. 列出理由make a list of reasons / list the reasons 13. 記下一連串的請求 set down a series of requests

18、 14. 根據(jù)問卷調(diào)查 according to the questionnaire 15. 根據(jù)編輯的忠告 according to the editors advice 16. 為了分擔(dān)你的困難 in order to share your difficulties / troubles 17. 與老板相愛 fall in love with the boss 18. 與我的同桌相處融洽 get along / on well with my deskmate 19. 關(guān)心青少年 be concerned about teenagers 20. 為了和老板面對面地交流 in order t

19、o communicate with the boss face to face 21. 信任政府 trust / believe in the government 22. 經(jīng)歷了太多的戰(zhàn)爭 go through too many wars 23. 相鄰的城鎮(zhèn) neighboring towns 24. 相鄰的國家 neighboring countries直接引語變間接引語練習(xí)題一、將所給直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語，每空一詞：1. “I never eat meat.” he said. He said that _ never _ meat.2. “Ive found my wallet.”

20、he said to me. He _ me that he _ _ _ wallet.3. “I took it home with me.” she said. She said that _ _ _ it home with her.4. The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west.”The teacher said that the sun _ in the east and _ down in the west.5. “I met her yesterday.” he said to m

21、e. He _ me that he _ met the day _.6. “You must come here before five.” he said. He said that I _ to go _ before five.7. “I bought the house 10 years ago.” he said. He said that he _ bought the house 10 years _.8. “Did you see her last week?” he said. He _ _ I had seen her the week _.9. He said, “Yo

22、u can sit here, Jim.” He _ Jim that he _ sit there.10. He asked, “How did you find it, mother?” He asked her mother _ _ _ found it.11. “Where have you been these days?” he asked. He asked me _ _ _been _ days.12. “Do you know where she lives?” he asked. He asked _ _ knew where she _.13. “Stop making

23、so much noise, children.” he said.He _ the children _ _ making so much noise.14. “Dont tell him the news.” she said. She told me _ _ _ him the news.15. “I am having supper,” he said. He said that _ _ having supper.16. “Ive seen the film,” Gina said to me. Gina _ me that she _ _ the film.17. “I went

24、home with my sister,” she said. She said that _ _ _ home with her sister.18. “Keep quiet, children.” he said. He _ the children _ _ quiet.20. “Dont look out of the window,” she said.She told me _ _ _ out of the window.家庭作業(yè)1. “I am having supper,” he said.He said that _ _ having supper.2. “Ive seen the film,” Gina said to me.Gina _ me that she _ _ the film.3. “I went home with my sister,” she said.She said that _ _ _ home with her sister.4. The teacher said, “The sun is bigger than the moon.”The teacher said that the sun _ bigger than the moon.5. “I met her yesterday,” he said to me.He