流量計量基礎(chǔ)知識-CH

1、DIN EN ISO 9001:19942003年流量計量產(chǎn)品銷售培訓(xùn)年流量計量產(chǎn)品銷售培訓(xùn)2003,2,17 于常州于常州DIN EN ISO 9001:1994氣體計量基礎(chǔ)知識計量表原理結(jié)構(gòu)和性能皮膜表羅茨表渦輪表計量表的選型和對比體積流量的校正計量表的標定流量計集中管理系統(tǒng)DIN EN ISO 9001:1994基本定義基本定義D D t體積計量取決于流量和時間DIN EN ISO 9001:1994計量過程體積計量體積計量流速計量流速計量轉(zhuǎn)換過程轉(zhuǎn)換過程體積體積能量能量質(zhì)量質(zhì)量DIN EN ISO 9001:1994從儀表到結(jié)算從儀表到結(jié)算Invoicem3P,TConversionP

2、n ,TnkWhDIN EN ISO 9001:1994 什么能量？什么能量？如何一種燃氣的能量用其在標準狀態(tài)下每一立方米所含的熱值來代表1 m 3Tr = 0CPr = 101325 Pa=xx,xx kWh0DIN EN ISO 9001:1994體積換算體積換算流量計顯示流量計顯示的測量體積的測量體積 = Vb.標準狀態(tài)下的體積標準狀態(tài)下的體積 = VnNm3DIN EN ISO 9001:1994EkWh = Vn x Ho,n能量是結(jié)算的依據(jù)能量是結(jié)算的依據(jù)Volume ConverterGross calorificvalueFVolume at metering conditio

3、nsDIN EN ISO 9001:1994計量基本定義計量基本定義誤差曲線 Error curve 誤差范圍 Error range 計量范圍 Measuring range壓力損失 Pressure loss脈沖發(fā)生器 Pulse generatorDIN EN ISO 9001:1994儀表的誤差儀表的誤差Vm Measured volume 測量值測量值VrReal volume 實際值實際值100VrVrVm(%)Error DIN EN ISO 9001:1994-2-1012020406080100Flow rate in % of QmaxError in %校驗點和誤差曲線校

4、驗點和誤差曲線Q minQ maxRangeability (量程比）量程比）= Q max / QminDIN EN ISO 9001:1994壓損壓損P1P2D D P = P1-P2 = f(Q,r r)0510152025Flowrate m3/h0,00,51,01,52,0D DP in mbarAirNatural gasDelta G 16DIN EN ISO 9001:1994儀表的通訊能力儀表的通訊能力ex.Pulses generator Low frequency Medium frequency High frequencyDIN EN ISO 9001:1994低頻

5、簧片式脈沖發(fā)生器低頻簧片式脈沖發(fā)生器（ LF - pulse generator Reed type） N S10n m3 DIN EN ISO 9001:1994LF pulse generator Reed type低頻低頻 干簧管脈沖發(fā)生器干簧管脈沖發(fā)生器LF Transmitter0 0 0 0 0000m3,0-1-2-3-4-5-6-7-01928Reed contactMagnetLast drum01920192DIN EN ISO 9001:1994LF - pulse generator Reed 干簧管脈沖發(fā)生器干簧管脈沖發(fā)生器 0 0 0 0 0000 0m3,Time

6、1 pulse = 1 complete rotation of the last drum1 脈沖脈沖 = 第一個字輪旋轉(zhuǎn)第一個字輪旋轉(zhuǎn)1周周DIN EN ISO 9001:1994高頻傳感器高頻傳感器 （電感式）（電感式）HF transmitter (Inductive type)Pulse value are expressed in:* dm3 / pulse or in: * pulses / m3DIN EN ISO 9001:1994The meters are used for Fiscal metering儀表用于結(jié)算計量儀表用于結(jié)算計量法定條文法定條文Regulation

7、 by the lawDIN EN ISO 9001:1994規(guī)章和規(guī)定規(guī)章和規(guī)定OIML (Recommendations)EU (Norms)National Regulation andRulesDIN EN ISO 9001:1994內(nèi)容內(nèi)容European and national approvals approval documents conformity certifications test results Production first calibrationDuring performance periodical checkingDIN EN ISO 9001:199

8、4設(shè)計要求設(shè)計要求Connections Threated ISO PN or ANSI flangesElectr. approval Cenelec CE labelingPressure vessels Pressure Equipment Directive (PED) leakage and stress testsSpecial customer requirementsex. Ruhrgas Gaz de FranceDIN EN ISO 9001:1994G - SizesQ maxStandardized SizesDIN EN ISO 9001:1994誤差范圍誤差范圍Er

9、ror ranges for turbine and rotary metersEUROPEOIML-4-3-2-1012340,1110100Q in % v. QmaxError in%OIMLEUROPEDIN EN ISO 9001:1994誤差范圍誤差范圍Error ranges for diaphragm meters Error in %-4-3-2-1012340,1110100Q in % v. QmaxDIN EN ISO 9001:1994對比對比Error in %-4-3-2-1012340,1110100Q in % v. QmaxRPD / TurbineDiap

10、hragm metersDIN EN ISO 9001:1994問題？DIN EN ISO 9001:19941Diaphragm meterDIN EN ISO 9001:1994How does it work?DIN EN ISO 9001:1994體積測量原理體積測量原理Volumetric principleDIN EN ISO 9001:1994ABCDDIN EN ISO 9001:1994ABCDDIN EN ISO 9001:1994ABCDDIN EN ISO 9001:1994ABCDDIN EN ISO 9001:1994ABCDDIN EN ISO 9001:1994

11、ABCDDIN EN ISO 9001:1994ABCDDIN EN ISO 9001:1994ABCDDIN EN ISO 9001:1994Advantage of the volumetric principle ?= Large measuring rangeDIN EN ISO 9001:1994皮膜表誤差范圍和典型誤差曲線皮膜表誤差范圍和典型誤差曲線Error channel for diaphragm meters Typical error curve Error in %-4-3-2-1012340,1110100Q in % v. QmaxQ min0,2 Q maxQ m

12、axDIN EN ISO 9001:1994Diaphragm meterMain characteristics Volume meter (volumetric measuring principle) Low pressure loss Large measuring range (400 ; approval 1:160 ) Not sensitive against flow disturbances Not sensitive against fast flowrate changes (stop and go flowrate)DIN EN ISO 9001:1994Diaphr

13、agm metersRestrictions Operating pressure up to 1 bar Measuring range from 0,016 up to 160m3/h No HF TransmitterInstalling maintenance Big dimensions for larger G size Maintenance freeDIN EN ISO 9001:1994Allowed measuring error errors en %-4-3-2-1012340,1110100Flow rate in %of max. flowperiodically

14、verificationDIN EN ISO 9001:1994問題？DIN EN ISO 9001:19942Rotary piston meterDIN EN ISO 9001:1994體積測量原理體積測量原理置于固定空間中的旋轉(zhuǎn)活塞置于固定空間中的旋轉(zhuǎn)活塞Rotating piston in fixed housing DIN EN ISO 9001:1994DIN EN ISO 9001:1994DIN EN ISO 9001:1994DIN EN ISO 9001:1994DIN EN ISO 9001:1994DIN EN ISO 9001:1994DIN EN ISO 9001:

15、1994DIN EN ISO 9001:1994DIN EN ISO 9001:1994DIN EN ISO 9001:1994DIN EN ISO 9001:1994DIN EN ISO 9001:1994DIN EN ISO 9001:1994DIN EN ISO 9001:1994DIN EN ISO 9001:1994DIN EN ISO 9001:1994V eCyclic volume= 4 x single chamber volume Ve回轉(zhuǎn)體積回轉(zhuǎn)體積DIN EN ISO 9001:1994運行間隙 （公差）Functionally Gap (clearance)ca. 0

16、,1 mmDIN EN ISO 9001:1994Functionally Gap (clearance)Meter headca. 0,1 mmDIN EN ISO 9001:1994油潤滑油潤滑Oil - lubricationMeter headDIN EN ISO 9001:1994Oil-lubricationDIN EN ISO 9001:1994RPD Meter cutawayDIN EN ISO 9001:1994RPD meterDELTA 2050 G 65Front reading IndexDIN EN ISO 9001:1994誤差范圍誤差范圍Error chann

17、el for rotary piston metersEUROPEOIML-4-3-2-1012340,1110100Q in % v. QmaxError in %OIMLEUROPEOIMLNATIONALDIN EN ISO 9001:1994允許誤差范圍允許誤差范圍Permitted error range EUROPE-4-3-2-1012340,1110100Q in % v. QmaxError in %Calibration error limitPerformance error limitDIN EN ISO 9001:1994典型誤差范圍曲線典型誤差范圍曲線Typical

18、 error range curve for RPDEUROPEOIML-4-3-2-1012340,1110100Q in % v. QmaxError in %Qstart Qmax/1000DIN EN ISO 9001:1994壓損壓損 Pressure loss0510152025Flow rate m3/h0,00,51,01,52,0D DP in mbarAirNatural gasDIN EN ISO 9001:1994Rotary piston meterMain characteristics volume principle Low pressure loss Larg

19、e measuring range Not sensitive against disturbances Not sensitive against fast changes in flowrate Needs lubricationDIN EN ISO 9001:1994Rotary piston meterRestrictions Operating pressure up to 94 bar Measuring flow from 0,5 up to 1000 m3/h If blocked gas supply is not guaranteedInstallation/commiss

20、ioning Filter and start strainer recommended Control of oil level necessary Control by pressure lossDIN EN ISO 9001:1994RPD meters in stationsDIN EN ISO 9001:199440 m3/h station with RPD meter40 m3/h station with diaphragm meterCompact station fitted with RPD meterDIN EN ISO 9001:1994問題？DIN EN ISO 9

21、001:1994DIN EN ISO 9001:1994計量原理計量原理Measuring principleDIN EN ISO 9001:1994高頻傳感器油泵溫度計雙低頻電感低頻中頻外部高頻渦輪表渦輪表 Turbine MeterDIN EN ISO 9001:1994FLUXI 2000/TZDIN EN ISO 9001:1994計量精度高，性能穩(wěn)定測量范圍很寬 (8 - 25000 m3/h)產(chǎn)品系列齊全 （DN 50 - 500）經(jīng)濟的大流量測量為什么選擇渦輪氣體流量表 ?DIN EN ISO 9001:1994q商業(yè)計量q工業(yè)燃氣計量q能源管理q流量調(diào)節(jié)應(yīng)用應(yīng)用DIN EN I

22、SO 9001:1994q計量精度高 （抗流體擾動，只需兩倍直管）q測量范圍寬 （8 25000 m3/h）q可擴展的量程比（1:20 1:30）q優(yōu)秀的高壓計量性能q低壓損q與所有電子單元連接q可進行校正q防水表頭 IP67性能性能DIN EN ISO 9001:1994q計量范圍 ： 8 - 25000 Nm3/hq計量精度 ： 1 % (0.2 Qmax - Qmax) 2 % (Qmin - 0.2 Qmax)q壓力范圍 ： 0 - 100 barq燃氣溫度 ：- 10 C + 60 C q環(huán)境溫度 ：- 20 C + 60 C 技術(shù)指標技術(shù)指標DIN EN ISO 9001:1994

23、選擇附件內(nèi)置溫度計聚醛樹脂或鋁合金渦輪外部潤滑（油泵）脈沖信號輸出 低頻：3 x LF（標準設(shè)置） 外置低頻 中頻：MF 高頻：2 x HF3 渦輪葉片，1 x HF2 參考葉輪DIN EN ISO 9001:1994典型誤差曲線典型誤差曲線Typical error curve-5-4-3-2-10120501001502002503003504001 bar20 barsDIN EN ISO 9001:1994Starting time for G 16001020304050607080901000246Time in sec.- 0,07 m3wheel speed in %啟動時間對

24、計量的影響啟動時間對計量的影響DIN EN ISO 9001:1994Run down time for G 1600102030405060708090100020406080Time in sec.wheel speed in %0,7 m3停表時間對計量的影響停表時間對計量的影響DIN EN ISO 9001:1994不同啟停周期下的誤差不同啟停周期下的誤差 Estimated for G 160Load in % v. QmaxSwitch cycles in min.DIN EN ISO 9001:1994氣體擾動對計量的影響氣體擾動對計量的影響DIN EN ISO 9001:199

25、4Disturbance “l(fā)eft”Flow5 DNDIN EN ISO 9001:1994Disturbance “l(fā)eft”DIN EN ISO 9001:1994Flow5 DNDisturbance “right”DIN EN ISO 9001:1994Disturbance “right”DIN EN ISO 9001:1994Disturbance severe5 DNDIN EN ISO 9001:1994Installation of the meter under testDIN EN ISO 9001:1994-2-1,5-1-0,500,511,520100200300

26、400500Flowrate m3/herror %Straight干擾干擾 DisturbancesDIN EN ISO 9001:1994-2-1.5-1-0.500.511.520100200300400500Flowrate m3/herror %StraightRight干擾干擾 DisturbancesDIN EN ISO 9001:1994-2-1.5-1-0.500.511.520100200300400500Flowrate m3/herror %StraightRightLeft干擾干擾 DisturbancesDIN EN ISO 9001:1994TZ FLUXI 21

27、00 G 160/250Test according OIML R 32 入口：2個彎頭 2倍直管StraightRightLeftDIN EN ISO 9001:1994外部穩(wěn)流器外部穩(wěn)流器束管束管星形星形孔板孔板篩網(wǎng)篩網(wǎng)DIN EN ISO 9001:1994Turbine meterMain characteristics: Speed meter Middle up to high pressure loss Rangeability at low pressure up to 1:30 Sensitive against disturbances Sensitive against

28、fast load changes (stop and go flow)DIN EN ISO 9001:1994Restrictions: Operating pressure up to 100 bar Measuring range from 8 - 10 000 m3/hInstallation/maintenance Filter recommended Pay attention to the installation conditionsSpecial characteristics: Availability of gas supply even if turbine wheel

29、 is broken Function control not easyTurbine meterDIN EN ISO 9001:1994Turbine meter in stationDIN EN ISO 9001:1994FLUXI 2000/TZ 安裝安裝 與與 維護維護DIN EN ISO 9001:1994問題？DIN EN ISO 9001:1994使用范圍使用范圍 100001101001101001000Flowrate m3/hPressure in barTurbineMeterDIN EN ISO 9001:1994計量儀表價格比較計量儀表價格比較Price of the

30、 metersComparison of price of diaphragm, rotary and turbine meter020004000600080001000010100100010000Q max (m3/h)PriceDiaphragmRotary meterTurbineDIN EN ISO 9001:1994計量表的選型計量表的選型G-size 取決于 Qmax計量范圍取決于 Qmin/Qmax計量精度要求最高和公稱壓力允許壓力損失經(jīng)濟考慮 儀表和安裝投資 運行和維護費用DIN EN ISO 9001:1994計量表的選型計量表的選型 (2)結(jié)算計量及相應(yīng)認證安全要求被測

31、氣體及其流動特征 有無擾動 是否頻繁開停安裝形式和空間要求 計量為主 供氣為主選項 HF, 溫度計.DIN EN ISO 9001:1994選型例選型例 1：Standard conditions (m3/h) - 1,013 bar, 0C -Qmax = 180 m3/hQmin = 4,5 m3/hReal conditionsP = 300 mbar gauge, T = 30Ch/m1 ,154273302733 , 0013, 1013, 1180maxQ3h/m85, 3273302733 , 0013, 1013, 15 , 4minQ34185, 3160tyRangeabi

32、liWhich meter fits?DIN EN ISO 9001:1994選型例選型例 2：Normal conditions (m3/h) - 1,013 bar, 15C -Qmax = 8000 m3/hQmin = 250 m3/hReal conditions T = 10ChmQ/132415273102735013, 1013, 18000max3hmQ/5 ,3515273102736013, 1013, 1250min3455 ,351600tyRangeabilibarsPgauge65Which meter fits?DIN EN ISO 9001:1994P2 ,

33、1AtmminQPminQrhmPQ/36 ,26)5013, 1 (8 , 02 , 1301600minIs it OK?選型例選型例 2 2：Normal conditions (m3/h) - 1,013 bar, 15C -Qmax = 8000 m3/hQmin = 250 m3/hReal conditions T = 10CbarsPgauge65DIN EN ISO 9001:1994問題？DIN EN ISO 9001:1994體積校正儀體積校正儀 Volume converters為什么要校正為什么要校正人工轉(zhuǎn)換人工轉(zhuǎn)換自動校正自動校正l 溫度溫度l 壓力和溫度壓力和溫度

34、l 壓力，溫度和壓縮系數(shù)壓力，溫度和壓縮系數(shù)校正依據(jù)和規(guī)范校正依據(jù)和規(guī)范DIN EN ISO 9001:1994體積換算體積換算實測體積實測體積 = Vb.標態(tài)下體積標態(tài)下體積 = VnNm3DIN EN ISO 9001:1994EkWh = Vn x Ho,n能量是結(jié)算的依據(jù)能量是結(jié)算的依據(jù)Volume ConverterGross calorificvalueFVolume at metering conditionsDIN EN ISO 9001:1994氣態(tài)方程氣態(tài)方程理想氣體理想氣體 Perfect gas* absolutes valuesP abs. = P gauge + P

35、atm.T= TC +273ttanCons*TV*P DIN EN ISO 9001:1994真實氣體真實氣體 Real Gaswith Z = coefficient ofcompressibility壓縮系數(shù)壓縮系數(shù)ttanConsTZVP 氣態(tài)方程氣態(tài)方程DIN EN ISO 9001:1994only one formula: where: . Vm = 計量體積 measured volume. Pm = 實際壓力 pressure at metering conditions. Tm = 實際溫度 temperature at metering conditions. Zm =

36、實際壓縮系數(shù) compressibility at metering conditions . Vbase = 標態(tài)體積 volume at base condition. Pbase = 標準壓力 reference pressure (1.01325 bar) . Tbase = 標準溫度 reference temperature (273.15 K). Zbase = 標準壓縮系數(shù) reference compressibility factor mmmmbasebasebasebaseTZVPTZVP 氣態(tài)方程氣態(tài)方程DIN EN ISO 9001:1994or other writ

37、ten:CVZZTTPPVVmmrmrrmmr 氣態(tài)方程氣態(tài)方程DIN EN ISO 9001:1994校正方式校正方式- 固定系數(shù)固定系數(shù)- 溫度校正溫度校正- 溫度，壓力校正溫度，壓力校正- 溫度，壓力和壓縮系數(shù)校正溫度，壓力和壓縮系數(shù)校正DIN EN ISO 9001:1994固定系數(shù)法固定系數(shù)法 Calculation with a fixed coefficientP, T and Z are considered as fixed (an uncertainty is accepted)The following formula is applied: Vr = k VmDIN E

38、N ISO 9001:1994固定系數(shù)法應(yīng)用固定系數(shù)法應(yīng)用不確定性在可接受范圍內(nèi):家用計量 domestic metering小流量 low consumption年用量5百萬千瓦時less than 5 M kwh/year (GDF)DIN EN ISO 9001:1994固定系數(shù)法的不確定性固定系數(shù)法的不確定性?溫度變化溫度變化 uncertainty on temperatureldT/Tmlif the temperature change is 9 degreel9/300 = 3 %壓力變化壓力變化 uncertainty on pressureldP/Pmlif the pre

39、ssure change is 20 mbar by low pressure meteringl20/1033 = 2 %DIN EN ISO 9001:1994溫度自動校正溫度自動校正Automatic conversion in temperature溫度連續(xù)測量溫度連續(xù)測量gas temperature continuously measured Vr = PmPrTrTmVmZrZm溫度平均值DIN EN ISO 9001:1994溫度校正的應(yīng)用溫度校正的應(yīng)用Temperature conversion applications壓力的不確定性在可接受范圍內(nèi)：When the unce

40、rtainty on pressure is acceptedcommercial meteringmetering between 5 and 24 M kwh/year ( GDF)DIN EN ISO 9001:1994自動溫度壓力校正自動溫度壓力校正Automatic pressure andtemperature conversion 溫度壓力連續(xù)測量溫度壓力連續(xù)測量gas pressure and temperature continuously measured Vr = PmPrVmZrZm TrTm實際平均值DIN EN ISO 9001:1994壓縮系數(shù)的不確定性在可接受范

41、圍內(nèi)when the uncertainty on Z is acceptedusually when pressure 4 bar gaugeindustrial meteringmetering greater than 24 M kwh/year (GDF)自動溫度壓力校正的應(yīng)用自動溫度壓力校正的應(yīng)用Automatic pressureand temperature conversion DIN EN ISO 9001:1994自動溫度壓力和壓縮系數(shù)校正自動溫度壓力和壓縮系數(shù)校正Automatic pressure, temperature and compressibility conversion 溫度壓力連續(xù)測量溫度壓力連續(xù)測量計算壓縮系數(shù) 計算值實際平均值 Vr = PmPrVmZrZm TrTmDIN EN ISO 9001:1994壓縮系數(shù)的變化壓縮系數(shù)的變化Variation of ZZNitrogenMethanetemperature (Kelvin)pressure (bar)35025010,7100DIN EN ISO 9001:1994Z/Zo曲線曲線0,750,80,850,90,951135102050Pressure in barZ/Zo-200204060temperature CDIN EN ISO 9001:1994壓縮系數(shù)的常用