中考_形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級

1、形容詞和副詞的級形容詞和副詞的級形容詞與副詞的比較級形容詞與副詞的比較級 ：大多數(shù)形容詞和副詞有比較級和最高級的變化，即原級、比較級和最高級，用來表示事物的等級差別。原級即形容詞的原形，比較級和最高級有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種。1規(guī)則變化單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞，加詞尾-er，-est來構(gòu)成比較級和最高級構(gòu)成法原級比較級最高級一般單音節(jié)詞未尾加-er,-esttall(高的) great(巨大的)taller greatertallest greatest以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)以- le結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞只加-r,-stnice(好的) large(大的) able(有能力的)nicer

2、larger ablernicest largest ablest以一個輔音字母結(jié)尾的閉音節(jié)詞，雙寫結(jié)尾的輔音字母，再加-er, -estbig(大的) hot(熱的)bigger hotterbiggest hottest以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞，改y為i，再加-er，-esteasy(容易的) busy(忙的)easier busiereasiest busiest少數(shù)以-er, -ow結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞未尾加-er, -estclever(聰明的) narrow(窄的)cleverer narrowercleverestnarrowest其他雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞，在前面加more, mos

3、t來構(gòu)成比較級和最高級。important(重要的)easily(容易地)more importantmore easilymost important most easily2不規(guī)則變化原級比較級最高級good(好的)/ well(健康的)betterbestbad (壞的)/ ill(有病的)worseworstold (老的)older/elderoldest/eldestmuch/many(多的)moremostlittle(少的)lessleastfar (遠(yuǎn)的)farther/furtherfarthest/furthest（1）old 有兩種比較級和最高級形式：older/old

4、est 和elder/eldest。 elder/eldest 只多用于兄弟姐妹的長幼關(guān)系。 My elder brother is an engineer. Mary is the eldest of the three sisters.（2）far 有兩種比較級farther和further。在英語中兩者都可指距離。在美語中，farther 表示距離，further表示進一步。 I have nothing further to say. 3幾個常用的基本句型：as + 形容詞或副詞原級 + as形容詞或副詞比較級+ thanthe + 最高級 + 比較范圍（1）在否定句或疑問句中可用so

5、 as。 He cannot run so/as fast as you.（2）當(dāng)as as 中間有名詞時采用以下格式：as +adj.+ a/an +n.或as + many/much +n. This is as good an example as the other is. I can carry as much paper as you can.（3）用表示倍數(shù)的詞或其他程度副詞做修飾語時，放在as的前面。 This room is twice as big as that one. Your room is the same size as mine.（4）倍數(shù)+ as + adj

6、. + as= 倍數(shù)+ the + n. + of This bridge is three times as long as that one. =This bridge is three times the length of that one. Your room is twice as large as mine. =Your room is twice the size of mine. as + 形容詞或副詞原級 + as eg: You are taller than I. The lights in your room are brighter than those in mi

7、ne.注意： （1）要避免重復(fù)使用比較級。(錯) He is more cleverer than his brother.(對) He is more clever than his brother.(對) He is cleverer than his brother.（2）要避免將主語含在比較對象中。(錯) China is larger that any country in Asia.(對) China is larger than any other country in Asia.（3）要注意對應(yīng)句型，遵循前后一致的原則。The population of Shanghai is

8、 largerlarger than that of Beijing.It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.（4）要注意冠詞的使用，后有名詞的時候，前面才有可能有冠詞。比較：Which is large, Canada or Australia?Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia?She is taller than her two sisters.She is the taller of the two sisters.形容詞或副詞比較級+ than（1）a bit, a

9、 little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even等。（2）還可以用表示倍數(shù)的詞或度量名詞作修飾語。（3）以上詞(除by far)外，必須置于比較級形容詞或副詞的前面?？尚揎棻容^級的詞可修飾比較級的詞 形容詞most前面沒有the，不表示最高級的含義，只表示“非?！盜t is a most important problem.=It is a very important problem.注意：使用最高級要注意將主語包括在比較范圍內(nèi)。(錯)Tom is the tallest

10、 of his three brothers.(對)Tom is the tallest of the three brothers.（2）下列詞可修飾最高級：by far, far, much, mostly, almostThis hat is nearly / almost the biggest. the + 最高級 + 比較范圍very可修飾最高級，但位置與much不同。This is the very best.This is much the best.序數(shù)詞通常只修飾最高級。Africa is the second largest continent.（1）The Sahara

11、 is the biggest desert in the world. 形容詞最高級前通常必須用定冠詞 the，副詞最高級前可不用。（3）句型轉(zhuǎn)換： Mike is the most intelligent in his class. Mike is more intelligent than any other students in his class.（4）“否定詞語+比較級”與“否定詞語+ so as”結(jié)構(gòu)表示最高級含義 Nothing is so easy as this. =Nothing is easier than this. =This is the easiest thi

12、ng.（1）the +比較級, the + 比較級越就越 The harder you work, the greater progress youll make.（2）more B than A與其說A不如說B (= less A than B) He is more lazy than slow at his work. = He is less slow than lazy at his work. 與其說他做事慢，不如說他懶。 （3）no more than 與一樣，不比多 no less than與一樣 The officials could see no more than the Emperor. =The officials coul