【免費(fèi)】高中語法 非謂語動詞 講解及配套練習(xí)

1、Grammar非謂語動詞非謂語動詞【三維目標(biāo)】【三維目標(biāo)】 知識與能力：知識與能力：1. 學(xué)習(xí)并掌握非謂語動詞的基本學(xué)習(xí)并掌握非謂語動詞的基本 構(gòu)成及用法。構(gòu)成及用法。 2. 通過本節(jié)學(xué)習(xí)，能夠運(yùn)用該語通過本節(jié)學(xué)習(xí)，能夠運(yùn)用該語 法規(guī)則解決較簡單的習(xí)題。法規(guī)則解決較簡單的習(xí)題。過程與方法：先自主學(xué)習(xí)，必要時進(jìn)行小組討過程與方法：先自主學(xué)習(xí)，必要時進(jìn)行小組討 論解決疑難問題。論解決疑難問題。情感價值觀：進(jìn)一步提高自主學(xué)習(xí)能力及合作情感價值觀：進(jìn)一步提高自主學(xué)習(xí)能力及合作 探究意識。探究意識。謂語：說明主語所做的動作或具有的特征和狀謂語：說明主語所做的動作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。它有人稱、數(shù)、時態(tài)和語

2、態(tài)的變化。態(tài)。它有人稱、數(shù)、時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。 e.g. He works. He takes care of the baby. He will go to Shanghai. He didnt go to Shanghai. He has gone to Shanghai. You are students. You look smart.單謂語或動詞單謂語或動詞短語短語情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞/助助動詞動詞+ v.系動詞系動詞+表語表語非謂語：無人稱，數(shù)的變化，不單獨(dú)作謂語，但保留非謂語：無人稱，數(shù)的變化，不單獨(dú)作謂語，但保留動詞特點(diǎn)，可以有賓語或狀語。動詞特點(diǎn)，可以有賓語或狀語。e.g. He

3、 works. He wants to work here. He is working now. He has done his work. 一、不定式與動名詞做主語：一、不定式與動名詞做主語：1. 動名詞做主語往往表示泛指的、一般的行為動名詞做主語往往表示泛指的、一般的行為; 不定式不定式 做主語常表示某次具體的行為或?qū)淼膭幼?。做主語常表示某次具體的行為或?qū)淼膭幼鳌?e.g. Climbing mountains is great fun. 爬山很有趣。爬山很有趣。 To visit China is my next goal. 2. 不定式做主語，一般用不定式做主語，一般用it當(dāng)形式

4、主語，把作主語的不當(dāng)形式主語，把作主語的不 定式短語后置。定式短語后置。 e.g. It took me only five minutes to finish the job.3. 動名詞作主語有時用動名詞作主語有時用it作形式主語，把動名詞置于句作形式主語，把動名詞置于句 尾。常見于以下句型中：尾。常見于以下句型中： Its use/ good / fun Its useful/ nice/ useless e.g Its nice seeing you again. 1. _ a language requires time and effort. A. Learn B. Learnin

5、g C. To learn D. Being learned2. It is not always easy _ invitations. A. to refuse B. refusing C. to be refused D. being refused3. How _ the problem will be discussed at tomorrows meeting. A. to solve B. to be solved C. being solved D. solving4. It _ forty-five minutes _ there by bus. A. cost, to ge

6、t B. takes, getting C. takes, to get D. takes, to get to5. It is no good _. You should give_. A. to smoke, it up B. smoking, it up C. smoking, up it D. to smoke, up it二、不定式與動名詞做賓語：二、不定式與動名詞做賓語：v1. 下列動詞后常跟不定式做賓語：下列動詞后常跟不定式做賓語： want, wish, hope, expect, ask, afford, agree, choose, pretend, decide, hap

7、pen, learn, offer, refuse, fail, plan, prepare, order, manage, promise, intend等。等。ve.g. He agreed to get someone to help us.v They promised not to break the school rules again. 二、不定式與動名詞做賓語：二、不定式與動名詞做賓語：2. 在下列動詞或動詞短語后常用動名詞做賓語：在下列動詞或動詞短語后常用動名詞做賓語： admit, advise, allow, avoid, bear, cannot help, consi

8、der, delay, enjoy, finish, give up, imagine. include, keep, keep on, mind, miss, put off, permit, practice, resist, risk, suggest, stand, insist on, be busy, be worth, feel like, cant stand, think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent(from), keepfrom, stop(from), protectfrom, be engaged in, spend(in), s

9、ucceed in, admit to, be/ get/ become used to, be equal to, devoteto, get down to, look forward to, object to, stick to, take to, see to, lead to, pay attention to等。等。二、不定式與動名詞做賓語：二、不定式與動名詞做賓語：3. 有些動詞既能以不定式作賓語，又能以動名有些動詞既能以不定式作賓語，又能以動名詞作賓語。兩者意思基本相同，如：詞作賓語。兩者意思基本相同，如：begin, start, like, hate, continue,

10、 prefer等。等。 但有些動詞兩種形式意思有很大的差別，此但有些動詞兩種形式意思有很大的差別，此類動詞主要有：類動詞主要有：forget, remember, stop, regret, try, mean, cant help等。等。 remember (forget) to do sth. 記?。ㄍ洠┮瞿呈掠涀。ㄍ洠┮瞿呈聄emember (forget) doing sth. 記得（忘記）過去曾經(jīng)做過某事記得（忘記）過去曾經(jīng)做過某事 regret to do sth. 對現(xiàn)在要發(fā)生的事表示對現(xiàn)在要發(fā)生的事表示“抱歉、遺憾抱歉、遺憾”regret doing sth. 對已經(jīng)發(fā)

11、生的事表示后悔對已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事表示后悔二、不定式與動名詞做賓語：二、不定式與動名詞做賓語： stop to do sth. 停下來去做某事停下來去做某事 stop doing sth. 停止做某事停止做某事 try to do sth. 設(shè)法設(shè)法，想法，想法， 試圖試圖 try doing sth. 試一試，試一試， 試試看試試看 mean to do sth. 打算打算，想要，想要，有，有的意圖的意圖 mean doing sth. 意味著，意思是，意味著，意思是， cant help to do sth. 不能幫忙做某事不能幫忙做某事 cant help doing sth. 禁不住做某事禁

12、不住做某事二、不定式與動名詞做賓語：二、不定式與動名詞做賓語：1. He gave us some advice on how _ English. A. learning B. learned C. to learn D. learn2. It s a pay day, and they are waiting _. A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to be paid3. I dont know whether you happen , but Im going to study in the U.S.A this September . Ato be heard

13、B. to be hearing Cto hear D. to have heard4. I forgot _ my name when I finished _ the composition. A. to sign, to writing B. to sign, writing C. signing, writing5. -You were brave enough to raised objections at the meeting. -Well, now I regret _ that. A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. havin

14、g done6. She cant help _ the house because shes busy making a cake. A. to clean B. cleaning C. cleaned D. being cleaned三、不定式、動名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞做表語三、不定式、動名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞做表語 1. 表示一定的概念，具有名詞的性質(zhì)時，不定式和動名表示一定的概念，具有名詞的性質(zhì)時，不定式和動名 詞可以互換。詞可以互換。 e.g. My hobby is collecting/ to collect ancient coins. 2. 若表示具體的、個別的動作或有將

15、來含義時，一般用若表示具體的、個別的動作或有將來含義時，一般用 不定式。不定式。 e.g. My wish is to find a part-time job this summer. 3. 現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作表語具有形容詞特征現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作表語具有形容詞特征,也可以也可以 作為形容詞。但要注意二者的區(qū)別作為形容詞。但要注意二者的區(qū)別 e.g. The party was very exciting. They were very excited at the news1. Her wish is _ an engineer. A. becoming B. become C. to

16、become D. being come2.Some peoples greatest pleasure is _. A. fishing B. to fish C. to be fishing D. being fish3. The report was so _ that they were all _. A. inspiring, exciting B. inspiring, excited C. inspired, excited D. inspired, exciting4. -“You look pale.” -“I feel a little _.” A. tireB. tire

17、dC. tiringD. tiresome 四、不定式、動名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞做定語四、不定式、動名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞做定語 1. 不定式做定語放在所修飾的名詞后，不定式做定語放在所修飾的名詞后，表示未發(fā)生的表示未發(fā)生的 動作或通常發(fā)生的某一動作。動作或通常發(fā)生的某一動作。 e.g. The train to arrive is from London He is always the first to come and the last to leave. 2. 動名詞做定語往往說明所修飾詞的某種動名詞做定語往往說明所修飾詞的某種用途用途，一般，一般 放在被修飾詞的前面。放在被修飾詞

18、的前面。 e.g. a washing machine （動名詞做定語，（動名詞做定語，= a machine which is used for washing） 洗衣機(jī)洗衣機(jī) a reading room（動名詞做定語，（動名詞做定語，= a room which is used for reading） 閱覽室閱覽室3. 現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表示主動、正在進(jìn)行的動作。現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表示主動、正在進(jìn)行的動作。過去過去 分詞作定語則表示被動、或完成的意義。分詞作定語則表示被動、或完成的意義。單個分詞單個分詞 或形容詞性的分詞作定語往往放在被修飾詞的前或形容詞性的分詞作定語往往放在被修飾詞的前 面；

19、分詞短語作定語多置于被修飾詞后面。面；分詞短語作定語多置于被修飾詞后面。 e.g. the rising sun（現(xiàn)在分詞做定語，（現(xiàn)在分詞做定語，= the sun which is rising）正在升起的太陽）正在升起的太陽 the changing world（現(xiàn)在分詞做定語，（現(xiàn)在分詞做定語，= the world which is changing）變化中的世）變化中的世界界 a moving movie 感人的電影感人的電影 excited voice激動的聲音激動的聲音 （形容詞性分詞作定語）（形容詞性分詞作定語） fallen leaves 落葉落葉 a broken cup

20、 一個破了的杯子一個破了的杯子 （過去分詞作定語則表示被動、或完成）（過去分詞作定語則表示被動、或完成）1. She said she had a important meeting _. A. to attend in B. to attend C. attend D. attending2. He is always the first _ questions. A. to answer B. answering C. to be answered D. being answered3. The Olympic Games _ in the year 2012 will be a grea

21、t success. A. being held B. to be held C. held D. to hold4. The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written5. At present, English is the main subject _ here. A. to be taught B. being taught

22、C. teaching D. to be teaching 6. -Who are those people with the banner? -A group _ itself the League for peace. A. calling B. calls C. called D. is called 7. The pen _ belongs to me. A. which it is on the table B. lying on the table C. is on the table D. which on the table 五、不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞做補(bǔ)足語五、不定式、現(xiàn)

23、在分詞、過去分詞做補(bǔ)足語 1. 在在“動詞動詞+賓語賓語+不定式不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式作賓語補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，足語，“賓語賓語+不定式不定式”構(gòu)成了復(fù)合賓語。構(gòu)成了復(fù)合賓語。 有些動詞要求不定式不帶有些動詞要求不定式不帶to，有些要求必須帶，有些要求必須帶to，還，還有的帶與不帶都可以。有的帶與不帶都可以。 以下動詞后常跟帶符號以下動詞后常跟帶符號to的不定式做賓語補(bǔ)足語：的不定式做賓語補(bǔ)足語： ask, tell, want, wish, order, persuade, advise, allow, warn, encourage, cause, require等。等。e.g.

24、 The doctor advised him to stay in bed for another few days. We wish him to remain and accept the post. 我們希望他留下來接受這個職位。我們希望他留下來接受這個職位。 有些感官動詞和使役動詞，如有些感官動詞和使役動詞，如see, watch, hear, feel, notice, observe, look at, listen to, let, have, make, keep, get 等后常跟不帶符號等后常跟不帶符號to的不定式做賓語補(bǔ)足語，常表示的不定式做賓語補(bǔ)足語，常表示 動作的整

25、個過程。動作的整個過程。 e.g. We noticed him enter the house. 我們留意到他進(jìn)了那所房子。我們留意到他進(jìn)了那所房子。 The boss made them work twelve hours a day. 老板讓他們一天干老板讓他們一天干12小時工作。小時工作。1. The doctor advised Lao Li _ more rest. A. that he get B. to get C. would get D. get2. Soon they saw the boy _ in the crowd. A. disappear B. to disap

26、pear C. disappears D. disappeared3. Birds are seldom heard _ at night. A. sing B. singing C. to sing D. to be singing 2. 現(xiàn)在分詞做補(bǔ)足語分兩種情況：現(xiàn)在分詞做補(bǔ)足語分兩種情況： 形容詞性質(zhì)的現(xiàn)在分詞作補(bǔ)足語：形容詞性質(zhì)的現(xiàn)在分詞作補(bǔ)足語： e.g. I find the book very interesting. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)這本書非常有趣。（賓語補(bǔ)足語）我發(fā)現(xiàn)這本書非常有趣。（賓語補(bǔ)足語） The boy is found very annoying. 發(fā)現(xiàn)這個小男孩很令人討

27、厭。（主語補(bǔ)足語）發(fā)現(xiàn)這個小男孩很令人討厭。（主語補(bǔ)足語） 動詞性質(zhì)的現(xiàn)在分詞作補(bǔ)足語：感官動詞和使役動動詞性質(zhì)的現(xiàn)在分詞作補(bǔ)足語：感官動詞和使役動 詞，如詞，如see, watch, hear, feel, notice, observe, look at, listen to, let, have, make, keep, get等后可以跟表示動作性質(zhì)的等后可以跟表示動作性質(zhì)的 現(xiàn)在分詞作補(bǔ)足語，表示現(xiàn)在分詞作補(bǔ)足語，表示“正在或持續(xù)做某事正在或持續(xù)做某事”。 e.g. I see him passing by a bank. 我看見他正經(jīng)過一家銀行。（賓語補(bǔ)足語）我看見他正經(jīng)過一家銀行。

28、（賓語補(bǔ)足語） He was seen working in the garden. 有人看見他正在花園里干活。（主語補(bǔ)足語）有人看見他正在花園里干活。（主語補(bǔ)足語）1. He kept me _ for many hours. A. to wait B. having been waited C. waiting D. waited 2. Mother caught the boy _ in the corner. A. smoke B. to smoke C. smoking D. being smoked 3. Having read the Emperors New Clothes,

29、we all found it _. A. interest B. interested C. interesting D. to interest 3. 過去分詞過去分詞(done)做賓語補(bǔ)足語，說明賓語的性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)，與賓做賓語補(bǔ)足語，說明賓語的性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)，與賓語一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語，其前的賓語是它的邏輯主語。語一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語，其前的賓語是它的邏輯主語。 若是及物動詞的過去分詞，既表示被動，也可以表示動作已若是及物動詞的過去分詞，既表示被動，也可以表示動作已經(jīng)完成（即先于謂語動詞）。經(jīng)完成（即先于謂語動詞）。 若是不及物動詞的過去分詞，則只表示完成。若是不及物動詞的過去分詞，則只表示完成。 句

30、子由主動變被動時，賓語補(bǔ)足語相應(yīng)的變?yōu)橹髡Z補(bǔ)足語。句子由主動變被動時，賓語補(bǔ)足語相應(yīng)的變?yōu)橹髡Z補(bǔ)足語。 The boss found his plan carried out successfully. The boy was found lost in the forest. Have you heard this song sung in Japanese? (賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ)) This song is often heard sung everywhere in China. (主補(bǔ)主補(bǔ))1. I need this chapter _ before tomorrow. A. rewritin

31、g B. rewritten C. rewrite D. to write again2. When she returned home, she found the window open and something _. A. to steal B. losing C. missed D. stolen 3. There was so much noise that the speaker could not make himself _. A. being heard B. heard C. hearing D. hear 六、不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞做狀語六、不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分

32、詞做狀語 1. 不定式做狀語，主要表示目的、結(jié)果、原因以及評論不定式做狀語，主要表示目的、結(jié)果、原因以及評論 性狀語。性狀語。 不定式往往放在系表結(jié)構(gòu)后面，表示產(chǎn)生某種情緒或不定式往往放在系表結(jié)構(gòu)后面，表示產(chǎn)生某種情緒或 狀態(tài)的原因。狀態(tài)的原因。 e.g. She was surprised to see Jim walk in. 看到吉姆進(jìn)來，她很驚訝?？吹郊愤M(jìn)來，她很驚訝。 不定式可以單獨(dú)作目的狀語，有時為了強(qiáng)調(diào)目的性，不定式可以單獨(dú)作目的狀語，有時為了強(qiáng)調(diào)目的性， 在不定式前可以加上在不定式前可以加上in order, so as。 e.g. To succeed, one must

33、first of all believe in himself. In order to keep warm, we shut all the windows. 不定式表結(jié)果，常用在不定式表結(jié)果，常用在too to, enough to結(jié)構(gòu)中。結(jié)構(gòu)中。 有時不定式前加上有時不定式前加上only，表示出人意料的結(jié)果。，表示出人意料的結(jié)果。 e.g. The child is old enough to dress himself. We hurried to the station only to be told that the train had left. The husband left

34、 his wife, never to return. 有些不定式是用來表示說話者的觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度的，放有些不定式是用來表示說話者的觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度的，放在在 句子之外，修飾整個句子，我們稱之為評論性狀語。句子之外，修飾整個句子，我們稱之為評論性狀語。 e.g. I have never seen such a person, to tell you the truth. To cut a long story short, we disagree. 長話短說，我們不同意。長話短說，我們不同意。六、不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞做狀語六、不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞做狀語 1. I have enjoyed

35、my visit here. Ill be very sorry _. A. for leaving B. of leaving C. to leave D. left 2. I went to see him _ him out. A. finding B. find C. only to find D. only found 2. 現(xiàn)在分詞做狀語可表示時間、原因、結(jié)果、伴隨、方現(xiàn)在分詞做狀語可表示時間、原因、結(jié)果、伴隨、方 式、目的以及作評論性狀語等。式、目的以及作評論性狀語等。 現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式作時間狀語，往往表示動作與謂現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式作時間狀語，往往表示動作與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生或相繼發(fā)

36、生?，F(xiàn)在分詞的完成式作時間語動詞同時發(fā)生或相繼發(fā)生?，F(xiàn)在分詞的完成式作時間狀語，往往表示動狀語，往往表示動 作先于謂語動詞發(fā)生。作先于謂語動詞發(fā)生。 e.g. Hearing the news, they all jumped for joy. Having finished his speech, he answered our questions. 作原因狀語：作原因狀語： Living far from the school, I have to get up early in the morning. 作結(jié)果狀語，常位于句尾，前面的主句表示原因，作結(jié)果狀語，常位于句尾，前面的主句表示原

37、因，后面的分詞短語表示直接造成的結(jié)果。后面的分詞短語表示直接造成的結(jié)果。 e.g. The fire lasted a whole night, causing great damage. 作伴隨或方式狀語，表示與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生的另一動作伴隨或方式狀語，表示與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生的另一動 作。作。 e.g. Following Tom, we started to climb. 我們跟隨湯姆開始爬山。我們跟隨湯姆開始爬山。 She came riding a brand-new bike. 她騎著一輛嶄新的自行車來的。她騎著一輛嶄新的自行車來的。 現(xiàn)在分詞作目的狀語往往具有伴隨性，多放于句尾，且現(xiàn)在分詞作目的狀語往往具有伴隨性，多放于句尾，且 與主句間用逗號隔開。與主句間用逗號隔開。 e.g. Jane kept silent, trying no