[原創(chuàng)]2017年《南方新課堂·高考總復(fù)習(xí)》英語第二部分第七講動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)[配套課件].

1、第七講動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)形式變化規(guī)則構(gòu)成方法例詞原形see, finish, teach第三人稱單數(shù)形式一般情況加-slooklooks,writewrites以 ch, sh, s, x結(jié)尾加-esteachteaches,finishfinishes,guessguesses,mixmixes以 o 結(jié)尾加-esdodoes, gogoes以“輔音字母y”結(jié)尾變 y 為 i，加-es trytries, crycries動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)一、動(dòng)詞的基本形式形式變化規(guī)則構(gòu)成方法例詞過去式、過去分詞規(guī)則變化一般情況加-edstaystayed,looklooked以不發(fā)音 e 結(jié)尾直接加-ddecide

2、decided,hopehoped以 重 讀 閉 音 節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母雙寫末尾的輔音字母再加-edstopstopped,admitadmitted以“輔音字母y”結(jié)尾變 y 為 i，加-edcarrycarried,trytried(續(xù)表)形式變化規(guī)則構(gòu)成方法例詞現(xiàn)在分詞一般情況加-inggogoing,readreading以不發(fā)音 e 結(jié)尾去 e，再加-inghavehaving,writewriting以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母雙 寫 末 尾 的 輔音字母再加-ingcutcutting,runrunning(續(xù)表)時(shí)態(tài)構(gòu)成常用時(shí)間狀語一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)動(dòng)詞原形( 第三

3、人稱單數(shù))always, usually, often,sometimes, every., twicea week 等一般過去時(shí)動(dòng)詞過去式y(tǒng)esterday, the day beforeyesterday, the other day,last., .ago 等一般將來時(shí)will (shall)動(dòng)詞原形tomorrow, the day aftertomorrow, next., in.等be going to動(dòng)詞原形be about to動(dòng)詞原形be to動(dòng)詞原形二、常用的10 種動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的構(gòu)成及其常用時(shí)間狀語一覽表時(shí)態(tài)構(gòu)成常用時(shí)間狀語過去將來時(shí)would動(dòng)詞原形多用 于間接 引語的 賓

4、語從句中將來進(jìn)行時(shí)will (shall)be現(xiàn) 在分詞at eight (this time)tomorrow 等現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am (is, are)現(xiàn)在分詞 now, during these days 等過去進(jìn)行時(shí)was (were)現(xiàn)在分詞at eight (this time)yesterday 等現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have (has)過去分詞already, just, yet, since.,for.等過去完成時(shí)had過去分詞by., before.等現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)have (has) been 現(xiàn)在分詞for., since.等(續(xù)表)三、注意以下幾種時(shí)態(tài)的區(qū)別1一般過去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(

5、1)一般過去時(shí)只表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常與表過去的時(shí)間狀語連用，即僅談過去，無關(guān)現(xiàn)在。如：I went to swim yesterday.昨天我去游泳了。(2)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響，與現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系，可能剛結(jié)束，也可能繼續(xù)下去。不能與表過去的時(shí)間狀語連用，譯成漢語時(shí)可加“已經(jīng)”。如：I have spent all of my money, so I have no money to buy aticket.我已經(jīng)花掉了所有的錢，所以我沒錢買票了。2一般過去時(shí)和過去進(jìn)行時(shí)(1)一般過去時(shí)側(cè)重于說明發(fā)生某動(dòng)作的事實(shí)。如：It rained heavily last

6、 night.昨晚雨下得很大。(2)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)側(cè)重于強(qiáng)調(diào)在過去某個(gè)特定時(shí)間某動(dòng)作的持續(xù)過程或表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。如：It was raining cats and dogs last night. 昨晚一直在下著傾盆大雨。3現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)(1)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)在含義上著重表示動(dòng)作的結(jié)果。如：I have read that book.我已經(jīng)讀了那本書。(2)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)著重表示動(dòng)作一直在進(jìn)行，即動(dòng)作的延續(xù)性。如：I have been reading that book all the morning. 今天早上我一直在讀那本書。動(dòng)詞的語態(tài)一、概念動(dòng)詞的語態(tài)有兩種：主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。主

7、動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者。如：全世界的人都在講英語。People speak English all over the world.(主動(dòng)語態(tài))English is spoken all over the world.(被動(dòng)語態(tài))常用被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成常用被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)am/is/areasked現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/has been asked一般過去時(shí)was/wereasked過去完成時(shí)had been asked一般將來時(shí)will/shall beasked過去將來時(shí)should/would beasked現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/arebeing ask

8、ed過去將來完成時(shí)should/would havebeen asked過去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/werebeing asked含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can/must/may.beasked二、動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成(以 ask 為例)注意：1被動(dòng)語態(tài)的否定式是在第一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后加not。2短語動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)不可漏掉其中的介、副詞。3固定結(jié)構(gòu) be going to, used to, have to, had better 變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，只需將其后的動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)。4“It is said/believed/supposed/reported that.”“It is generallyconside

9、red that.”“It is well-known that.” 等 ， 及 “It must beadmitted/pointed out that.”等結(jié)構(gòu)中的動(dòng)詞常以被動(dòng)形式出現(xiàn)。5以下主動(dòng)形式常表被動(dòng)意義：The bike needs/wants/requires repairing. 這輛自行車需要修理。The film is worth seeing.這部電影值得看。The door wont shut/open.這門不能關(guān)/開。The play wont act.這部戲不會(huì)上演。The clothes wash well.這件衣服很好洗。The book sells well.這本書很暢銷。The dish tastes delicious.這道菜嘗起來很美味。6以下單詞或短語沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)：happen, appear, become,last, cost, o