isarewaswere)+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞

1、Unit 9 When was it invented? was invented: 被發(fā)明 結(jié)構(gòu): be (am /is/are/was/were)+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞 時(shí)態(tài):被動(dòng)語態(tài) (the Passive Voice) 英語根據(jù)其謂語動(dòng)詞與主語的關(guān)系分為兩種語 態(tài)即主動(dòng)語態(tài)(The Active Voice)和被動(dòng)語態(tài) (the Passive Voice).主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作 執(zhí)行者,被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者。 am/are /is +動(dòng)詞的過去分詞 ： 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)was/were +動(dòng)詞的過去分詞 ：一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài) Many people speak Engl

2、ish.(主動(dòng)語態(tài))English is spoken by many people.(被動(dòng)語態(tài))The naughty boy broke the window yesterday.(主動(dòng)語態(tài))The window was broken ( by the naughty boy) yesterday.(被動(dòng)語態(tài))主動(dòng)句與被動(dòng)句之間的轉(zhuǎn)換 We bought some books. 主語 謂語動(dòng)詞主動(dòng)語態(tài)的過去式 賓語 Some books were bought ( by us ) 主語 謂語動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)語態(tài)的過去分詞 介詞+ 賓語 主動(dòng)句變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句所遵循的4個(gè)步驟：1 把原主動(dòng)句中的賓語變?yōu)楸?/p>

3、動(dòng)句的主語。2 把動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)形式即be +過去分詞，并注意其人稱和數(shù)隨主語的變化，而動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)則保持不變。3 原主動(dòng)句的主語如需要?jiǎng)t放在by后面以它的賓格形式出現(xiàn)（注代詞的賓格），如不需要?jiǎng)t可省略。4 其它的成分（定語、狀語）不變。被動(dòng)語態(tài)的幾種句型1 肯定句 主語 + be + 過去分詞 + (by)A sweet song was sung by her on the stage.2 否定句 主語 + be + not +過去分詞 + (by)3 一般疑問句 Be + 主語 +過去分詞 + (by) A sweet song wasnt sung by her on the stage.

4、Was a sweet song sung by her on the stage?4 特殊疑問句 疑問詞 + be + 主語 +過去分詞 + (by)Where was a sweet song sung by her? 練習(xí)一 請(qǐng)把下列的主動(dòng)句變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句（注意時(shí)態(tài)的一致）1 He wrote an article last week.An article was written by him last week. 2 The people make history.History is made by people.3 Do people use Chinese only in China

5、?Is Chinese used by people only in China?4 They didnt visit the city two years ago. The city wasnt visited by them two years ago.5 Where did you make them?Where were they made by you?被動(dòng)語態(tài)的幾種類型一、由及物動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的被動(dòng)語態(tài) 1、 有一個(gè)賓語的句子的被動(dòng)語態(tài)主動(dòng)句 主語（S）+ 謂語（V） + 賓語 （O）被動(dòng)句 主語（原O）+ be + 過去分詞 + by +賓語 (原S之賓格形式） He copied o

6、thers homework. (主動(dòng)句)Others homework was copied by him.(被動(dòng)句)The girl opened a present.(主動(dòng)句) A present was opened by the girl.(被動(dòng)句)練習(xí):2、 有兩個(gè)賓語的句子的被動(dòng)語態(tài)主動(dòng)句 主語（S) +謂語 V）+ 間接賓語(IO） + 直接賓語（DO）被動(dòng)句1 主語（原IO） + be +過去分詞 +原DO +by +原主語之賓格The teacher showed me a picture. (主動(dòng)句 )I was showed a picture by the teach

7、er.(被動(dòng)句1 )被動(dòng)句2 主語（原DO） + be +過去分詞 +to/for + 原IO +by +原主語之賓格A picture was shown to me by the teacher. (被動(dòng)句2)有兩種被動(dòng)語態(tài)的一些動(dòng)詞:buy 買 give 給 pay支付 teach 教授 tell 告訴 show 展示 lend 借出通常用直接賓語作被動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語一些動(dòng)詞:bring拿來 do做 make 制作 pass傳遞 sell 賣 send 送、寄 sing 唱 write寫A bike was lent to me ( by him). I was lent a bike (b

8、y him).A letter was written to her (by her son). 合習(xí)慣She was written a letter ( by her son). 不合習(xí)慣3 含有賓語補(bǔ)足語的被動(dòng)語態(tài)主動(dòng)句 主語（S） +謂語動(dòng)詞（V） +賓語（O） + 賓語補(bǔ)足語（C）被動(dòng)句 主語（原O） + be +過去分詞 + 賓語補(bǔ)足語（C） +by + 原主語之賓格They make the city more beautiful. (主動(dòng)句 )The city was made more beautiful by them. (被動(dòng)句)He saw a girl cross t

9、he street. (主動(dòng)句 )A girl was seen to cross the street by him. (被動(dòng)句)注意：在主動(dòng)句中see ，watch ，hear，make 等后+賓語+動(dòng)詞原形的結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸?動(dòng)句時(shí)一律在see ，watch ，hear， make等后加上to。練習(xí)1 We hear birds sing every morning.Birds are heard to sing by us every morning. 2 His father made him stay at home.He was made to stay at home by his

10、father.二 由 不及物動(dòng)詞+介詞或副詞構(gòu)成的被動(dòng)語態(tài)主動(dòng)句 主語 +不及物動(dòng)詞 +介詞 +賓語被動(dòng)句 主語(原賓語) +be +介詞 + by +原主語之賓格She looks after her grandmother. (主動(dòng)句 )Her grandmother is looked after by her.被動(dòng)句 )My friends laughed at me all the time. (主動(dòng)句 )I was laughed at by my friends all the time. (主動(dòng)句 )注 :介詞不能省略 =及物動(dòng)詞練習(xí)：請(qǐng)把下列主動(dòng)句變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句1 The wom

11、an asked the policeman for help.2 The old man on TV tells a story on Sunday.3 Do they use the box as a table?4 She sent me a collection last week.5 The teacher doesnt teach us math this term.6 Did Lily buy her sister a hat?7 We often hear him play the violin at home.The lazy boy didnt wash clothes y

12、esterday.Students listen to the kind teacher carefully.10 When did your father took you to the park .invention發(fā)明 可數(shù)名詞及物動(dòng)詞：invent 發(fā)明，創(chuàng)造，指事物從無到有。（近義詞 discover：發(fā)現(xiàn)，指事物從未知到已知。）名詞: inventor 發(fā)明者,發(fā)明家應(yīng)用：用invent和 discover的正確形式填空1 Edison the light.2 The secret by him.was discovered被誰發(fā)明 介詞by意為被、由、靠invented短語: b

13、e invented by sbeg The new machine was invented by us.短語: be invented in /on+年/日 于何時(shí)被發(fā)明eg 1 The computer was invented in 1976. 2 This kind of toy was invented on January 1st ,1999.短語：be used for +Ving 被用來eg A knife is used for cutting things. T: Whats this called in English？S: Its called a TV.T: Is

14、it an invention?S: Yes, it is.T: When was the TV invented?S: It was invented in 1926T :Who was it invented by?S: It was invented by Baird.T: Whats this called in English？S: Its called a telephone.T: Is it an invention?T: When was the telephone invented?S: It was invented in 1876.T :Who was it invented by?S: It was in