巧借篇章連接詞,提高英語閱讀效率

1、巧借篇章連接詞,提高英語閱讀效率篇章連接詞(以下簡稱連接詞是指在文章中用來說明上下句或前后句兩個意思之間關(guān)系的詞或詞組。連接詞通常用于開篇,引出擴展句;也可用于句中,尤其是用于較長的復(fù)雜句子中,以作為上下文的連接紐帶;還可以用于文末或段末,用于總結(jié)上文或結(jié)束本段內(nèi)容。在閱讀過程中,倘若我們能夠利用這些連接詞,快速理清文章的思路,就能在一定程度上提高英語閱讀效率。常見的連接詞通?？梢杂脕肀硎疽韵聨追N關(guān)系:1、平行或遞進(jìn)關(guān)系;2、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系;3、目的或因果關(guān)系;4、層次、順序關(guān)系;5、例舉關(guān)系;6、解釋說明關(guān)系;7、概括、總結(jié)關(guān)系。下面本文結(jié)合例句來談?wù)動⒄Z閱讀中的這些連接詞。一、表示平行或遞進(jìn)關(guān)系

2、的連接詞通常有:and,also,as well(as,at the same time, besides, both.and.,further more,in addition(to,like wise,more over, similarly,worse still等。在閱讀過程中,當(dāng)你看到其中的任何一個連接詞時,你應(yīng)該明白:下文將出現(xiàn)與前邊差不多的、同類性質(zhì)的內(nèi)容,或是對前面內(nèi)容的進(jìn)一步闡述。請看下邊例句:1.In addition to these subjects,Mr.Wangal so taught us English and politics.當(dāng)你閱讀到連接詞"in

3、 addition to"時,你應(yīng)該明白,下文將不會出現(xiàn)大的變化,只是前邊內(nèi)容的補充而已,因此你不必多加思考或放慢閱讀的速度。2. BythetimeIgotthethirdfloor,Iwastiredandatthesametimefeelinglonely. Worsestill, Dadmissedastepandfell,sendingmynewsuitcasesrollingdownthestairs.讀了前一句,你已經(jīng)了解到文中主人公當(dāng)時的狼狽不堪。而"Worse still"又告訴你,更糟糕的情形還在后頭呢!二、表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的連接詞通常有:alth

4、ough,but,however,nevertheless,on the contrary, otherwise,to the opposite,while,yet等。這些詞表明作者正在向讀者發(fā)出一種信號,下文所述的將是一種全新的或是相反的內(nèi)容、見解和觀點,需要引起讀者的格外注意。在閱讀過程中,當(dāng)你閱讀到其中任何一個表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的連接詞時,你應(yīng)該放慢閱讀速度,多留心下文在意義上的變化。請看下邊例句:3.I had an auto-repair man once,who,on these intelligence tests,couldn't possibly have scored o

5、ver 80.Yet,whenanything went wrong with my car I hurried to him-and he always fixed it.當(dāng)你閱讀到連接詞"Yet"時,就應(yīng)該明白,下邊將出現(xiàn)與上文截然不同的內(nèi)容。因而,你應(yīng)適當(dāng)放慢閱讀速度,細(xì)心看清下文。三、表示目的或因果關(guān)系的連接詞通常有:as, as a result, because(of, consequently, due to,for,now that, since, so, so.that., such.that., therefore,thus等。在閱讀過程中,這些連接詞也

6、是幫助讀者理解作者行文思路的有用信號。請看下邊例句:4.We hope that the new machine can work faster, thus reducing our overallcosts.降低成本是使用新機器的目的。這一目的在這里通過連接詞"thus"清楚地表達(dá)出來了。5.Thirty years after being introduced to Macaulay'swords,they still seem to the best yard stick,because they give us away to measure ourselv

7、es than others.句中"because"一詞表明,在下文作者將給出原因,說明為什么"theystillseemtomethebestyardstick(準(zhǔn)繩"。四、表示層次、順序關(guān)系的連接詞有:after(that,another,before,first(ly, second(ly, third(ly,at last,finally,lateron,next,then,on the one hand.,on the other hand等。抓住這些連接詞,讀者能快速地把握作者的行文思路。比如:first, second, third, .f

8、inally 這些詞,表明了一種順序,讀者能通過它們迅速從大體上理清文章的脈絡(luò)。請看例句:6.Some people point out that the emphasis on the surgical treatment of disease had some clear disadvantages. First,it attracts interest and money away from the question of prevention. Second,it causes the costs of general hospital care to rise. Third,doct

9、ors are encouraged to perform surgery-even on patients for whom an operation is unnecessary.讀者可以通過連接詞"First","Second"和"Third"而迅速明白:作者將從三個方面說明"the emphasis on the surgical treatment of disease"的"disadvantages"。五、表示例舉關(guān)系的連接詞通常有:for example,for instance,

10、for one thing,for another,such as等。在閱讀過程中,當(dāng)你閱讀到其中任何一個時,你應(yīng)該明白,作者在下文將舉出一個類似情形的事例。請看下邊例句:7.First the person must recognize that there is a problem. For example, Sam's bicycle is broken,and he cannot ride it to class as he usually does. Sam must see that there is a problem with his bicycle.前一句意為&quo

11、t;一個人首先必須認(rèn)識到某處出了問題"。你應(yīng)該明白,在"For example"后邊,作者將只是給出一個類似情況的例子而已,因此,你不必放慢閱讀速度,盡可快速讀下去。六、表示解釋說明關(guān)系的連接詞通常有:in other words,that is等。當(dāng)你閱讀到這些連接詞時,你應(yīng)該明白,下文將對上文作進(jìn)一步的解釋說明。請看例句:8.The navy was planning an expedition to the South Pacific Ocean with the purpose of watching a very unusual event,that i

12、s, the planet Venus passing between the earth and the sun in 1769.看到前面的"a very unusual event",你可能不知其為何事。但后邊的"that is"告訴你不要急,解釋就在后邊。七、表示歸納、總結(jié)的連接詞通常有:as a result,briefly,in a word,in brief, in short,on the whole,to sum up等。作者通過這些連接詞給讀者一種暗示,下面的內(nèi)容將是對前面所述內(nèi)容的概括或總結(jié)。在閱讀過程中,當(dāng)你看到這些連接詞時,你應(yīng)該

13、明白:作者將在下面的篇幅中作出一種歸納或是總結(jié)。請看下邊例句:9.This,in brief,is the official view of the trade unions.讀者可以通過連接詞"in brief"而明白,前面所述內(nèi)容是工會的正式意見。10.If a person is not allowed to dream in his sleep, he becomes tense and anxious. He become sirritable.He has trouble concentrating on anything and his mental health i