定語(yǔ)從句專項(xiàng)教師用

1、定語(yǔ)從句專項(xiàng)教師用復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句，被修飾的名詞或代名詞稱為先行句。定語(yǔ)從句常由關(guān)系詞來(lái)引導(dǎo)，關(guān)系次分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞不但在句中引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，而且在定語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)任成分。理清兩種關(guān)系詞：一. 關(guān)系代詞 I. 關(guān)系代詞及其用法（1）who指人，常在句中作主語(yǔ)。例如：The man is a policeman. He is shaking hands with my father. The man who is shaking hands with my father is policeman.（2）whom 也指人，在從句中作賓語(yǔ)，常?？梢允÷?。例如

2、：The professor has gone to Shanghai. You wish to see him. The professor （whom）you wish to see has gone to Shanghai.（3）whose 通常即指人也指物，在從句總常常作定語(yǔ)即whose +n. =n. +of which/whom 例1. I live in a room. Its windows face the south. I live in a room whose windows face the south= 例2. This is the woman scientist

3、. Her name is known all over the country. This is the woman scientist whose name is known all over the country That tree, whose branches are are almost bare, is very old.（4）which指物，在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略例1.China is a country. It has a long history. .China is a country which has a long history. （5）that

4、既可以指人，又可以指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)里可以省略例1：The woman used to live next door. She spike to me in the shop 例2.There are some interesting TV plays. Id like to see them 注意：such.as.如此。以至于例如：We have never heard such stories as he tells.我們從未聽(tīng)過(guò)他講那樣的故事。As引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，做tell的賓語(yǔ)The same.as / that.與。一樣的例如：She wore the same d

5、ress as her younger sister wore.(as強(qiáng)調(diào)事物的相似性)她穿著跟她妹妹穿的一樣的裙子She wore the same dress that she wore at Marys wedding. (that指同一事物)她穿著她在瑪麗的婚禮上傳的那條連衣裙。II.關(guān)系副詞 1、關(guān)系副詞及其用法（1）when表示時(shí)間，其先行詞往往表示時(shí)間的名詞（time,day, hour,year 等）。例如：From the time when he was little, he had known what he wanted to be when he when he gr

6、ew up. 但如果表示時(shí)間的名詞 作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，這時(shí)定語(yǔ)從句thatwhich/× 用引導(dǎo) e.g. l. Ill never forget the days which that/× I spent with my grandma in the country. (2)表示地點(diǎn)，其先行詞往往是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞（place, room, house, street, area等）。例如:This is the house where I used to live a year ago. 但如果表示地點(diǎn)的名詞作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，這時(shí)定語(yǔ)從句用引導(dǎo)that/which/×

7、; This is the house that/which /×we saw at the foot of the hill. （3）表示原因，常用先行詞the reason 后面。例如：I dont know the reason why she looks unhappy today.但如果作先行詞the reason動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，這時(shí)定語(yǔ)從句用引導(dǎo)that/which/×This is the reason which /that/×he explained to us just now. The reason which /that she gives

8、for not coming to the jparty is that her mother wont let her.Is that the reason why you are in favour of the proposal?Give me one good reason why I should help you.III、“介詞”+which whom 1）介詞的確定方法 根據(jù)先行詞來(lái)確定介詞。The reason for which I came here is that I want to get your help. Yesterday we had a meeting at

9、 which we discussed many problems. This is the train by which we travelled yesterday.The freezing point is the temperature at which water changes into ice.根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或形容詞來(lái)選用介詞。 The dog, of which she used to be afraid is her favorite animal now.This is the man from whom we must learn.Dont talk about

10、 such things of which you are not sure.根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句所表達(dá)的意義來(lái)確定介詞。 Water, without which man cant live, is really important.This is the map, without which we couldnt arrived here on time.2）介詞的位置 (1)介詞一般放在關(guān)系代詞which 或whom 之前，但也可放在原來(lái)的位置上。如：This is the man form whom I learned the news. =This is the man （that whom

11、）I learned the mews form. 從上句我們可以看出，引導(dǎo)詞如果不是跟在介詞后做賓語(yǔ)，不僅可以用 that和whom，而且還可省略。但要注意：介詞和從句中的動(dòng)詞是固定詞組時(shí)，這個(gè)介詞一般不前置。如： The babies whom the nurses are looking aftor are very healthy.（2）名詞+of which whom 此結(jié)構(gòu)可替換為“whose+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。 This is the man the son of whom is a famous writer. （3）不定代詞+ of which whom 在這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，常用的不定代

12、詞有all, any, both, each, none, some, most 等。The old man has two sons, both of whom are doctors. （4）數(shù)次+ of which whom 這一結(jié)構(gòu)中的數(shù)詞，既可以是基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞，也可以是分?jǐn)?shù)詞和百分?jǐn)?shù)詞。I bought some books from the bookstore, five of which were English novels.In our factory are 800 workers, 40 percent of whom are women.（5）形容詞最高級(jí)+ of w

13、hich whom She has six children, the cleverest of whom is John.（6）介詞+which+名詞 I often get up at six, at which time when it is still very dark in winter. He visited America and Canada,in which countrieswhere he had a good time.IV、關(guān)系副詞與介詞的關(guān)系（1）at/in/on/during +which可代替when，在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。例如：I will never f

14、orget the day on which=when I joined the army. （2）at/in/to +which可代替where，在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。例如：What is the name of the town in which=where we stayed yesterday? （3）for which =why，在定語(yǔ)從句中作reason的定語(yǔ)。例如：I dont know the reason for which =why he left here for Japan. IIV、that 和which 的區(qū)別: 1、which 可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)眾句，that

15、 不能。例如：He had failed in the maths exam, which made his father very angry. 2、which 之前可以有介詞，而that 之前則不能有。例如：That is the house in which Mark Twain used to live. 3、一個(gè)句子中若有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，一個(gè)用that引導(dǎo)，另一個(gè)必須用which引導(dǎo)例如：He bought an American magazine that could give him so much English knowledge and which could help hi

16、m to kill the time. 他買了本既可以豐富他英語(yǔ)知識(shí)又可以消磨時(shí)間的美國(guó)雜志注意：兩者常可互換，但在下列情況下一般只用that，而不用which或who.（1）當(dāng)先行詞是不定代詞all, little, few, much, none, anything, nothing, everything 等時(shí)。 I have said all that I want to （2）當(dāng)先行詞被最高級(jí)、序數(shù)詞以及the very, the only, the last等修飾時(shí)。This is the first play that I have seen since I came here.

17、 （3）當(dāng)先行詞被all, little, much, some, any, no, every等詞修飾時(shí)。例如：There is little work that you can do. 幾乎沒(méi)有你能做的事。（4）當(dāng)先行詞由指人、物的兩個(gè)并列的名詞構(gòu)成時(shí)。They talked about the men and the things that they saw. （5）當(dāng)主句是以which或who 開(kāi)頭的特殊問(wèn)句時(shí)。 Which is the hotel that he stayed at last night? 他昨天晚上住的是哪一家旅館？Who is the woman that sh

18、ook hands with you just now? 剛才與你握手的那位婦女是誰(shuí)？（6）當(dāng)引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)。 China isnt the country that it was. 中國(guó)已不是過(guò)去的那個(gè)樣子了。在下列的情況下通常只用which而不用that 。（1）關(guān)系代詞前有介詞，即關(guān)系代詞直接做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)。This is the ship by which we went to Japan. 這時(shí)我們?nèi)ト毡境俗拇?。IIIV.定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)1、如關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與先行詞保持一致。Do you know the boy who is standing

19、under the tree? 2、在“one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語(yǔ)從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，復(fù)數(shù)名詞是先行詞，引導(dǎo)詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞復(fù)數(shù)。但當(dāng)one前有the only，且one 是先行詞時(shí)，定于從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)。如：He is one of the students who have been to Beijing. 他是去過(guò)北京的學(xué)生之一。He is the only one of the students who has been to Beijing. 他是唯一去過(guò)北京的學(xué)生。一、定語(yǔ)從句基本用法練習(xí)題：一、用who whom which that whose as填空1

20、. 1.I like the book _you lent to me. 2.The boy _ is studying near the door is my brother. 3.They planted the flowers _ didnt need much water.4.The dictionary _ my father bought for me is very useful to.5.The teacher _ went to see me yesterday is Mr. Li. 6.The girl _ I talked with just now will go to

21、 Beijing.7.Mr. Read is the person _ you should write to. 8.He is the boy _ father is a doctor.9.Do you know the owner of the house _ windows face south?10.The boss in _ department Mr. King worked called at the hospital.11.I still remember the day _ is my birthday.12._we have seen, the earth is round

22、. 13._we know, Tai Wan belongs to China.14.The road _ has now been built stronger was destroyed in the earthquake. 15.The soldiers have saved the people _ were in danger. 16. The waiter _ served us tea was very friendly and polite. 17.A dictionary is a book _ you can use to learn more words. 18. Wha

23、t was the name of the farmer _ discovered the tomb of Qin Shi Huang. 19. The bus _ runs every half hour goes to the airport. 20.They are talking about the things and people _they saw there yesterday.21.I like the man _ he was ten years ago. 22.This is the boy _ I have been looking for23.This is the

24、film _ I have ever seen.二、 定語(yǔ)從句的基本用法練習(xí)：（一）、用why where when which that填空1.I dont know the reason _ he didnt come. 2.The is the school _ we study every year.3.This is the school _we visited yesterday. 4.It is the place _ he was born. 5.It is the place _he was born in.6.It is the place in _he was born.

25、 7.It is in the place _ he was born.8. The shop _ Xiao Ming works sells photo cameras. 9.Yesterday we went to visit the house _ the great writer used to live. 10. My father was born in the year _ the Second World War broke out. 11. There are several reasons _ we cant do that. 12. I will never forget

26、 the day _ I first met you at the airport. 13.Can you think out a situation _ this idiom can be used?14.I will forget the day_ I spent with my grandma.15.I will remember the day _ I entered No. 1 middle school.16. Yesterday we went to visit the house _ they were repairing.17.The reason _ he was late

27、 for the class is that his mother was ill.18.This is the reason _he gave us.一、復(fù)習(xí)定語(yǔ)從句得基本用法：1. Is this the factory _ you visited the other day?   A. that B. where C. in which D. the one 2. Is this facto

28、ry _ some foreign friends visited last Friday?   A. that B. where C. which D. the one 3. Is this the factory _ he worked ten years ago?   A. that B. where C. which D

29、. the one 4. The wolves hid themselves in the places _ couldnt be found.   A. that B. where C. in which D. in that5. Were talking about the piano and the pianis

30、t _ were in the concert we attended last night.  A. which B. whom C. who D. that6. Were talking about the piano and the pianist _ were in the concert we at

31、tended last night.  A. which B. whom C. who D. that7. Didnt you see the man _?   A. I nodded just now B. whom I nodded just now   C. I nodded to him just&#

32、160;now D. I nodded to just now8. Can you lend me the novel _ the other day?   A. that you talked B. you talked about it   C. which you talked with D. you&

33、#160;talked about9. - “How do you like the book?” - “Its quite different from _ I read last month.”  A. that B. which C. the one D. the one what10. May the four

34、th is the day _ we Chinese people will never forget.   A. which B. when C. on which D. about which11. Is that the reason _ you are in favour of the proposa

35、l?   A. which B. what C. why D. for that12. Who can think of a situation _ this idiom can be used?   A. which B. that C. where D. in that13. I like the second&#

36、160;football match _ was held last week.   A. which B. who C. that D. /14. The reason_she gives for not coming to the party is that her mother wont let her. A. what B. why C. as D. which 15. The house_we once lived is being repaired by the worke

37、rs. A. which B. where C. that D. whom 16. This is the hour_the place is always full of women and children. A. that B. when C. where D. how 17. The day will come_the people all over the world will not go hungry. A. that B. where C. how D. when 18. Give me one good reason_I should help you. A. for tha

38、t B. for what C. why D. how 19. Is this hotel_offered you a job last year? A. which B. the one C. where D. the one that 20. When he came back from abroad, Joan told us about the cities and the people_he had visited. A. that B. who C. where D. which21. John was the boy_just now. A. she talked to B. t

39、alked to her C. whom she talked D. who talked her 22. Most of the jokes_told by my father were soon forgotten. A. which was B. that wasC. were D. that were23. This is the room_we can watch TV and enjoy the nice scenery outside. A. that B. when C. where D. which 24. On the bus I saw a student_I thoug

40、ht was your brother. A. which B. whom C. who D. whoever 25. I bought a new house_I shall move in. But I have a lot of work to do. A. it B. they C. one D. which 26. That tree, _ branches are almost bare, is very old.   A. whose B. of wh

41、ich C. in which D. on which 定語(yǔ)從句介詞前置1. Dont talk about such things of _ you are not sure.   A. which B. what C. as D. those 2. The freezing point is the temperature 

42、_ water changes into ice.   A. at which B. on that C. in which D. of what 3. The train _ she was travelling was late.   A. which B. where C. on which D. in that 4. A

43、ntarctic _ we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round.   A. which B. where C. that D. about which 5. He has two sons, _ work as chemists.  

44、; A. two of whom B. both of whom C. both of which D. all of whom 6. He is a man of great experience, _ much can be learned.   A. who B. that C. from which D.

45、60;from whom 7. I dont like _ you speak to her.   A. the way B. the way in that C. the way which D. the way of which 8. The two things _ they felt very pro

46、ud are Jims gold watch and Dellas hair.   A. about which B. of which C. in which D. for which 9.  I have many books, some of _ are on chemistry.   A. them B.

47、60;that C. which D. those 10. They were interested _ you told them.   A. in which B. in that C. all that D. in everything 11. There are three bedrooms in the house,_is Marys. A. the smallest of which B. the smaller

48、of which C. the smallest of them D. the smallest of all 12. Dont call between 12 oclock and 1 oclock,_I am usually sleeping. A. by which time B. at which C. during which time D. by which13. In the past, Germany was divided into several states,_Prussia was the most important and powerful. A. of which

49、 B. about which C. in which D. from which 14. This is the subject_we might argue for a long while. A. which B. about which C. what D. about that 15. She hasnt got enough money_she can buy the rings. A. which B. that C. with which D. for which 16. We came to a place_they had never paid a visit before

50、. A. which B. that C. to which D. to where 17. She will never forget September 1,_she had her first history lesson as a teacher. A. which B. × C. on which D. in which 18.He was educated a local grammar school, _ he went on to Cambridge. A. from which B. after that C. after which D. from this 19

51、. I have many friends, _ some are businessmen. A. of them B. from which C. who of D. of whom 20. The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% _ are sold abroad. A. of which B. which of C. of them D. of that 21. The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, _ the

52、 sailing time was 226 days. A. of which B. during which C. from which D. for which 定語(yǔ)從句的特殊用法：1. Ill tell you _ he told me last week.   A. all which B. that C. all that D. which 2.  He failed in the ex

53、amination, _ made his father very angry.   A. which B. it C. that D. what 3. Those _ not only from books but also through practice will succeed.   A. learn B. who C. that

54、 learns D. who learn 4.  Anyone _ this opinion may speak out.   A. that againsts B. that against C. who is against D. who are against 5. Is there anything _ to you?  

55、; A. that is belonged B. that belongs C. that belong D. which belongs 6. Its the third time _ late this month.   A. that you arrived B. when you arrived   C. that youve&#

56、160;arrived D. when youve arrived 7.  He has two sons, _ work as chemists.   A. two of whom B. both of whom C. both of which D. all of whom 8. I, _ your good fr

57、iend, will try my best to help you out.   A. who is B. who am C. that is D. what is 9. He is a man of great experience, _ much can be learned.   A. wh

58、o B. that C. from which D. from whom 10. - Do you know the town at all? - No, this is the first time I _ here.   A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming 11. &#

59、160;The two things _ they felt very proud are Jims gold watch and Dellas hair.   A. about which B. of which C. in which D. for which 12. The dinner was the most 

60、;expensive meal we _.   A. would have B. have had C. had never had D. had ever had 13. There is only one thing _ I can do.   A. what B. that C. all D. which 14. I

61、60;have many books, some of _ are on chemistry.   A. them B. that C. which D. those 15. The great day we looked forward to _ at last.   A. come B. came C. coming D. 

62、comes 16. 2. The villagers,_had been damaged in the earthquake, were given help by the Red Cross. A. all of their houses B. all their houses C. shoes all houses D. all of whose houses 17. 3._we all know, Tom has made great progress in physics since last term. A. It B. That C. What D. As 18. 4. The p

63、rofessor offered us another piece of advice,_of great help to our English learning. A. I think it is B. I think which is C. which I think is D. which I think it is 19. I was so angry at all_Jack was doing_I walked out. A. that; that B. which; that C. that; that D. what; that 20. I shall never forget

64、 those days_I spent in the army with the soldiers,_has a great effect on my life. A. that; which B. when; which C. when; that D. which; that 21. I have never taken anything_didnt belong to me. A. what B. who C. that D. which 22. York,_last year, is a nice old city. A. I visit B. which I visited C. where I visited D. in which I visited 23.That is the one of those book