Unit3語法_課件

1、nounadj. / adv.infinitiveV-ing V-edetc.主語謂語賓語賓語賓補(bǔ)表語賓語(間)賓語(直)VtV-lViNoun / PronounThe + adjV-ing / ClauseInfinitiveNoun / Pronoun / The + adjV-ing / Clause / Infinitivebe / feel / seem / lookappear / stand / lie become /get / grow / turn go / come / remain/ keeptaste / smell etc. nounpronounadj. / a

2、dv.infinitiveV-ing / V-edclauseetc.主語主語 不及物動詞不及物動詞She came/ My head aches.主語主語 及物動詞及物動詞 賓語賓語She likes English.主語主語 系動詞系動詞 主語補(bǔ)語主語補(bǔ)語(表語）表語）She is happy主語主語 雙賓動詞雙賓動詞 間接賓語間接賓語 直接賓語直接賓語She gave John a bookShe bought a book for me.主語主語 賓補(bǔ)動詞賓補(bǔ)動詞 賓語賓語 賓語補(bǔ)語賓語補(bǔ)語She makes her mother angryThe teacher asked me t

3、o read the passage.There +beThere is a book on the desk.簡單句基本句型實例簡單句基本句型實例簡單句的基本詞序簡單句的基本詞序主語主語動詞部分動詞部分賓語賓語 狀語狀語（謂語）（謂語） 方式方式 地點(diǎn)地點(diǎn) 時間時間Iboughta hat yesterday.The children ran home.We ate our meal in silence.The car stopped suddenly.Point out the function of each noun in the following sentences: 1.The

4、 world loves nature. 2.Knowledge is power .3.We Chinese are peace-loving.subjectobjectpredicativesubjectsubjectsubjectappositionpredicative名詞性從句名詞性從句 名詞性從句在功能上相當(dāng)于名詞名詞性從句在功能上相當(dāng)于名詞主語主語 His job is important.What he does is important.表語表語This is his job.This is what he does every day. 賓語賓語 I dont like h

5、is job.I dont like what he does every day.同位語同位語 I dont know about the man, Mr. White.I dont know about the fact that he is a teacher.什么叫名詞性從句？ 名詞性從句名詞性從句 noun clause 主語從句主語從句subject clause 賓語從句賓語從句object clause 表語從句表語從句predicative clause 同位語從句同位語從句appositive clauseWhat are noun clauses?What are nou

6、n clauses? His story is interesting. What he said is interesting. I heard his story. I heard what he said. I listen to his story. I listen to what he said. This is his story. This is what he said. The idea of going there is good. The idea that we go there is good.Subject clauseObject clauseObject cl

7、ause after a prepositionPredictive clauseAppositive clausePractice time：指出下列各名詞性從句的種類指出下列各名詞性從句的種類At lunchtime, the radio weatherman reported that the mist would become a thick fog in the afternoon.2. She wondered if the buses would still be running.3. The truth is that the fog is too thick for the

8、bus to run that far.4. She sensed that she was being watched by a tall man ina dark coat.5. When we will start is not clear.6. I had no idea that you were her friend.Object clauseObject clausePredicative clauseObject clauseSubject clauseAppositive clause名詞性從句中的名詞性從句中的連接詞連接詞有有:連詞連詞: that / whether /

9、as if(though);連接代詞連接代詞: what / who/ which / whose / whatever / whoever / whomever / whichever，連接副詞連接副詞: where / when / why / how / wherever / whenever。 Object Clauses 賓語從句賓語從句如何區(qū)分賓語從句？ They know the teacher. 主語 謂語 賓語 They know the teacher is a man . 主語 謂語 賓語從句 句子做賓語就是賓語從句。 I know him . 2. I know who

10、 he is . 主語主語謂語謂語賓語賓語（簡單句）（簡單句）主語主語謂語謂語賓賓 語語 從從 句句連詞連詞 從句主語從句主語 從句謂語從句謂語 主主 句句（復(fù)合句）（復(fù)合句）賓語從句的概念：賓語從句的概念：賓語從句在復(fù)合句中作主句的賓語。賓語從句在復(fù)合句中作主句的賓語。句子結(jié)構(gòu)：句子結(jié)構(gòu)：主句主句 + +連詞（引導(dǎo)詞）連詞（引導(dǎo)詞）+ + 賓語從句賓語從句 2.賓語從句中的連接詞賓語從句中的連接詞that在以下三種情況在以下三種情況下不能省略：下不能省略： （1）當(dāng)）當(dāng)that 從句與另一名詞性從句并列作從句與另一名詞性從句并列作賓語時，第二個賓語時，第二個that不能??；不能省； （2）當(dāng)

11、）當(dāng)that作介詞賓語時，作介詞賓語時，that不可省掉。不可省掉。 （3）用）用it做形式賓語的賓語從句做形式賓語的賓語從句 Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried. The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do. I think it necessary that you should read English aloud.if / whether1. I asked her _ she had a bike.2. Were worried about

12、 _ he is safe.3. I dont know _ he is well or not.4. I dont know _ or not he is well.5.The doctors are discussing _ the old man will recover soon.6. I dont know _ to go.7. I wonder _ you will go shopping or stay at home.if / whetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherif 和和whether 的選用的選用不能使用不能使用

13、if 的情況：的情況：a. 介詞后的賓語從句介詞后的賓語從句b. whether to do 做動詞賓語不能用做動詞賓語不能用if to do.c .whether or not 連在一起引導(dǎo)賓語從句時不連在一起引導(dǎo)賓語從句時不用用if.d.引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)discuss的賓語從句時，只能用的賓語從句時，只能用whether，不能用不能用ifThe radio says it _ cloudy tomorrow. (be)The headmaster hopes everything _ well. (go)Tom says that they _ (play) basketball at six o

14、clock yesterday evening. I hear they _ (return) it already. He said that they _ members of the Party since 1948. (be) will be goes were playing have returned had been 6. I didnt know what time he _ the letter. (write)7. Could you tell me who _ away the book already? (take)8. Ling Feng told me he _ t

15、o the Great Wall several times. (be) wrote has taken had been 3. 否定的轉(zhuǎn)移否定的轉(zhuǎn)移:若主語謂語動詞為若主語謂語動詞為think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, guess, imagine等等,其后的賓語從句若其后的賓語從句若含有否定意義含有否定意義,一般要把否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到一般要把否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句謂語上主句謂語上,從句謂語用肯定式。從句謂語用肯定式。 I dont think this dress fits you well. (我認(rèn)為這件衣服不適合你穿。我認(rèn)為這件衣服不適合你穿。)4.

16、 it?？梢苑旁趧釉~?？梢苑旁趧釉~think, find, consider, believe, feel, make等后作為形式賓語等后作為形式賓語:it不僅可以作為形式主語，還可以作為不僅可以作為形式主語，還可以作為形式賓語而真正的賓語形式賓語而真正的賓語-that從句則放從句則放在句尾在句尾,特別是在帶復(fù)合賓語的句子中。特別是在帶復(fù)合賓語的句子中。 We heard it that she would get married next month.CI dont know when he _ (come) . I cant wait here any more . When he _ (

17、come) , would you please ask him to call me ?will comecomesTranslate these sentences into English using noun clauses.1.這是我們所想要的東西。這是我們所想要的東西。 This is what we want. 2. 我認(rèn)為你是對的。我認(rèn)為你是對的。 I think you are right. 3. 我想知道他是否能幫助我。我想知道他是否能幫助我。 Id like to know whether he can help me or not.4. 天氣不是昨天那樣了。天氣不是昨天

18、那樣了。 The weather is not what it was yesterday.5. 問題是我們怎么能完成任務(wù)。問題是我們怎么能完成任務(wù)。 The problem is how we can finish the task.Predicative Clauses 表語從句表語從句表語從句表語從句在句子中作表語，在系動詞之后在句子中作表語，在系動詞之后 The question is whether we can complete the difficult task. The fact is that we will have two days off.常見的系動詞分為三種：常見的

19、系動詞分為三種：A表示特征和狀態(tài)：表示特征和狀態(tài)： be, look, sound, taste, smell, seem,appear等等 B表示由一類狀態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)為另一類狀態(tài)：表示由一類狀態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)為另一類狀態(tài)： get, become, grow, turn, fall, go, come, run等等C表示某種狀態(tài)的：表示某種狀態(tài)的： remain, keep, prove, rest, continue, stay等等3.表語從句表語從句 表語從句就是從句在主句中作表語從句就是從句在主句中作表語表語的名詞性從的名詞性從句，放在系動詞之后句，放在系動詞之后1.The trouble is (tha

20、t )I have lost his address. 2.The question is whether they will be able to help us.3.That is what he has done.4.The problem remains how to get some financial support.表語從句：表語從句：注注 意：意： 在表語從句中，表在表語從句中，表“是否是否” 時，只能用時，只能用 “whether”不能用不能用“If”。 一般情況下，一般情況下，“that”不能省。不能省。 It is /was because . It is /was wh

21、y. 3. The reason (why/for)is /was that. 4 The reason is because /whythat .名詞主語+be+that引起的表語從句在這種句型中，常用表示事實，真理的名詞，如：fact, truth 或表示看法，觀點(diǎn)的名詞，如：idea,opinion,belief,view,feeling,suggestion,plan等作主語。如：1.The fact is that our team has won the game.2.The truth is that she was the very person who informed ag

22、ainst her husband.注意注意表語從句的引導(dǎo)詞與主語從句和賓語表語從句的引導(dǎo)詞與主語從句和賓語從句相同從句相同. . 但但: 1. : 1. that引導(dǎo)表語從句時不能省引導(dǎo)表語從句時不能省. . 2. 2. if不能引導(dǎo)表語從句不能引導(dǎo)表語從句. . 1. Thats _ the Party called on us to do. A. why B. what C. how D. that 2. The reason is _ he is unable to operate the machine. A. because B. why C. that D. Whether3 .

23、That is _ they separated. A. that B. what C. which D. where 4.Jane is no longer _ she was four years ago. A. what B. which C. that D. when Subject Clauses 主語從句主語從句1. 主語從句：從句在句中充當(dāng)主語成分主語從句：從句在句中充當(dāng)主語成分1). That he will succeed is certain .2) Whether he will go there is not known .3) What he said is not

24、true .4) Where he hid the money is to be found out .5) Whoever comes is welcome.6) Its certain that he will succeed .7) How we can help the twins will be discussed at the meeting. 8)When theyll start the project has not been decided yet. 考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)一:主語從句后置主語從句后置! 為了避免主語冗長免主語冗長,句子頭重腳輕句子頭重腳輕,經(jīng)常用經(jīng)常用it作作形式主語

25、形式主語,主語從句放在后面作真正的主語主語從句放在后面作真正的主語. 例:That we shall be late is certain.- Its certain that we shall be late.1. That the earth is round is known to all.- 2. That you missed the chance is a pity.- 由連詞由連詞 whether 和和 if, 連接代詞連接代詞 what,who,which 和連接副詞和連接副詞 when,where,why,how 等引導(dǎo)等引導(dǎo).也也 常常后置常常后置:It is a pity

26、 that you missed the chance.Its known to all that the earth is round.It 的用法：的用法： （形式主語）（形式主語） It possible/important/necessary/clear that很可能很可能/重要的是重要的是/必要的是必要的是/很清楚很清楚 Its said/ reported that.據(jù)說據(jù)說/據(jù)報道據(jù)報道 Its been announced/declared that.已經(jīng)通知已經(jīng)通知/宣宣布布 It seems/appears/happens. that顯然、明顯、顯然、明顯、 碰巧碰巧.

27、Its no wonder that并不奇怪并不奇怪/無疑無疑 Its a pity/a fact /a common knowledge (眾所周知）眾所周知） / a common saying.（俗話說）俗話說） 考點(diǎn)二 注意：主語從句中 ，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù) What引導(dǎo)的主語從句，可根據(jù)表語決定 What he needs _is_ that book. What he needs _are_ some book. what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時在從句中引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分充當(dāng)句子成分,如主語如主語,賓語賓語,表語表語,而而that則不然則不然,它在句子中只起連接它在句子中

28、只起連接作用。例如：作用。例如：(1) What you said yesterday is right.(2) That she is still alive is a puzzle.What 與與 that 引導(dǎo)主語從句引導(dǎo)主語從句 由由 that 引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo):1. That we shall be late is certain.2. _ is known to all. (地球是圓的地球是圓的)3. _ is a pity. (你錯過了這次機(jī)會你錯過了這次機(jī)會) that 無意義無意義, 后接一個完整的句子后接一個完整的句子. that 不可省不可省That the earth is r

29、oundThat you missed the chance注注 意：意： What you left are only several old books. What you said is of great importance. What he says and does doesnt concern me. What he says and does dont agree.“if” 不能引導(dǎo)主語從句，應(yīng)有不能引導(dǎo)主語從句，應(yīng)有“whether”引導(dǎo)。引導(dǎo)。主語從句的主語從句的 “that” 一般不能省。一般不能省?！皐hat”引導(dǎo)主語從句時，謂語動詞：引導(dǎo)主語從句時，謂語動詞： 1）常

30、與其后的名詞作表語一致）常與其后的名詞作表語一致 2）根據(jù)句子的語境而定。）根據(jù)句子的語境而定。 _ he made an important speech at the meeting was true. A. That B. Why C. What D. How 2. _well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather . A If B Whether C That D Where 3._ is known to us all is that America is a developed country_the First World. Whi

31、ch; belong to b. As, belonged to a.c. What; belonging to d. It; belonging to4. Its known to us all _ a form of energy . A. water is B. that water is C. is water D. that water to 5. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning gray. A. whether B. that C. what D. when6.What I say and think _ none of yo

32、ur business. A. is B. are C. has D haveAppositive Clauses 同位語從句同位語從句同位語從句在句中充當(dāng)同位語從句成分，其一般同位語從句在句中充當(dāng)同位語從句成分，其一般跟在一些抽象名詞（跟在一些抽象名詞（ idea ；belief ； fact ； truth ； problem ；news 等）后面，對名詞作等）后面，對名詞作進(jìn)一步解釋說明進(jìn)一步解釋說明. n.+ 連接詞連接詞 + 從句從句同位語從句常用同位語從句常用 that 引導(dǎo)或用連接副詞引導(dǎo)或用連接副詞when / where/why / how / whether 1) The

33、idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people .2).Sydney kept his promise that he would always do anything he could for Lucie to make sure of her happiness.注注: 1. 1. 同 位語從句多用that 引導(dǎo)2. 2. 在在have no idea 之后常用之后常用wh-引導(dǎo)同位語引導(dǎo)同位語從句從句. I have no idea where he has gone.I have no idea

34、when he did it.I have no idea what he did.I have no idea when he will be back.how he can get the treasure.where the concert will be hold.who can finish the work.why it happened.which pen is mine.what we should do next.whom they are talking about.whether itll rain tomorrow.that our football team won

35、the game. 1.Two thirds of all girls in Britain are on a diet./ The fact worries their parents and teachers a lot.2.The Queen of England was on a three-day visit in China./ We heard the news last night._ The fact that two thirds of all girls are on a diet worries their parents and teachers a lot._We

36、heard the news last night that the Queen of England was on a three-day visit in China.4.Time travel is possible./ There is no scientific proof for the idea.5.Chinese students should be given more free time./ The suggestion is welcomed by many people, especially kids in school.3.Teenagers should not

37、spend too much time online./ Many British parents hold the view._Many British parents hold the view that teenagers shouldnt spend too much time online._There is no scientific proof for the idea that time travel is possible._The suggestion that Chinese students should be given more free time is welco

38、med by many people, especially kids in school.名詞名詞demand, suggestion, proposal, advice 等詞后的同位語從句的語氣要用虛擬語氣等詞后的同位語從句的語氣要用虛擬語氣,結(jié)構(gòu)為結(jié)構(gòu)為 should + do, should 可省略可省略 He gave me a suggestion that I ( should ) be calm now.I have heard the news that he visited our factory .I have heard the news that he told yo

39、u the other day .同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別：同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別：1 同位語從句同位語從句that 只起連接作用，不作任何成分只起連接作用，不作任何成分 定語從句定語從句 that 是關(guān)系代詞，起連接作用和充是關(guān)系代詞，起連接作用和充 當(dāng)賓語和主語當(dāng)賓語和主語2同位語從句同位語從句同位語從句和前面的名詞是同位關(guān)同位語從句和前面的名詞是同位關(guān)系，對名詞進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明系，對名詞進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明 定語從句定語從句 定從和前面的名詞是所屬關(guān)系，對定從和前面的名詞是所屬關(guān)系，對名詞進(jìn)行修飾，加以限定名詞進(jìn)行修飾，加以限定3同位語從句同位語從句that 不能省不能省 定語從句定語從句 t

40、hat 在從句中作賓語時，可以省在從句中作賓語時，可以省Practice :判斷下列各句是同位語判斷下列各句是同位語從句還是定語從句從句還是定語從句 1.They expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again. 2. The hope that she expressed is that they would come to visit China again. 3.The fact that she works hard is well known to us all. 4. I cant stand the ter

41、rible noise that she is crying loudly. 同位語從句同位語從句定語從句定語從句同位語從句同位語從句同位語從句同位語從句1.We expressed the hope that they had expressed2. We expressed the hope that they would come to China again.1.The information has been announced that more middle school graduates will be admitted into university.2.The infor

42、mation that he revealed at the meeting is of great value.Attributive or Appositive ATAPAPAT1. _made the school proud was _more than 90%of the students had been admitted to key universities . A What / because B What / that C That / what D That / because2._she couldnt understand was _ fewer and fewer

43、students showed interest in her lessons . A What / why B That / what C What / because D Why / that BAB3. He is absent from school . It is _ he is seriously ill. A. why B. because C. that D. the reason4 _has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising . A Who B The one C Anyone D Whoever 5. In

44、formation has been put forward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities . A that B how C where D what DA6 I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week . - Is that _you had a few days off ? A why B when C what D where 7 Are you still thinking about yesterdays game ?- Oh ,that

45、s _. A what makes me feel excited B whatever I feel excited about C how I feel about it D when I feel excited AA ._ fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect . A What B That C This D Which 10. When you answer questions in a job interview ,please rem

46、ember the golden rule :Always give the monkey exactly _ he wants . A what B which C when D that 11. We made the suggestion that he _ his work . A continues B continue C continued D had continued BAB12.There will be a special price for _ buys things in large number here.A. who B. whom C. whoever D. W

47、homever13. Mary wrote an article on _ the team had failed to win the game . why B. what C. who D. that (05) 14.The poor young man is ready to accept _ help he can get. (05)A. A. whichever B. however C. whatever D.whenever14.Many newspaper printed the governors statement _ would support a tax cut. an

48、d he B. was that he C which he D that he 15._ man must fear when traveling in space is radiation from the sun. Which B. How C. What D. That 16.It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants.A. A. However B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever 1. Can you make sure _ the gold rings?

49、A. where she had put B. where had she put C. where she has put D. where has she put2.The reason that has been such a success _ he never gives up. A. is B. is because C. is that D. is what3. _ breaks the law should be punished. A Whoever b. No matter who c. anyone. d. who 4. That is _ I had to take the risk of being washed away. A. why B. reason