新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)Lesson4

1、 Lesson 4An exciting trip 1. Do you like traveling?2. Where would you like to travel?21st CenturyVisiting the worlds famous landmarks Leaning Tower of Pisa The Empire State BuildingSydney Opera House Big Ben Sydney, AustraliaLondon, UK New York,the USItalyAustraliakangaroopouchkoalaSydney Opera Hous

2、e Q1: What can you see in the picture? Thinking:Q2: What happened to the man? Can you guess?1. How long has Tim been in Australia?Listen and answer the question.Tim has been in Australia for six months.2. What does he do in Australia?He is working for a big firm as an engineer.3. Why is Tim finding

3、the trip exciting?Because Tim has never been abroad before. This is his first trip abroad.Free Talk:nDo you have a family abroad？kangarooSydney Opera House koalanexciting 令人興奮的令人興奮的 ndifferent 不同的不同的nreceive 接受，收到接受，收到 ncentre 中心中心nfirm 公司公司 nabroad 在國(guó)外在國(guó)外n receive a letter from take a plane tonwork

4、 for go abroad na great number of hear from nin the centre of work at nfly to amount ofnbe abroad in the middle of excitingadj. 令人興奮的主語(yǔ)是物excited 感到興奮的，主語(yǔ)是人-ed自己感到 interested, bored, -ing令人感到interesting,boring,e.g. I am interested in this book. This is an interesting book.words & phrasesreceive v

5、.接受，收到（客觀的收到）接受，收到（客觀的收到）1.接受，收到，接受接受，收到，接受她收到了一份禮物。她收到了一份禮物。 She received a present. receive a letter from sb. =hear from sb. 收到收到的來(lái)信的來(lái)信I received a letter from my brother.Have you received any letters today?2.接待，接見(jiàn)接待，接見(jiàn)You need a large room if you are going to receive so many guests.如果你要接待這么多客人，你就

6、需要一個(gè)大房間。如果你要接待這么多客人，你就需要一個(gè)大房間。We usually receive guests on Saturday.我們通常星期六招待賓客。我們通常星期六招待賓客。 nfirm1.n. 公司，商號(hào)他在一家工程公司工作。He works for an engineer firm.2.adj. 結(jié)實(shí)的，穩(wěn)固的這部小汽車(chē)非常堅(jiān)固。The car is very firm.ndifferent adj. 不同的 deference n. 不同，差別，差異 be different from.與與不同不同 我的觀點(diǎn)與你的不同。我的觀點(diǎn)與你的不同。 My opinion is diff

7、erent from yours. different adj.不同的不同的 same相同的相同的（1）不同的，相異的（經(jīng)常與）不同的，相異的（經(jīng)常與from連用）：連用）： be different from.與與不同不同Desks are different from tables.My plan/idea is different from yours.We are planning something different this year.（2）各種各樣的，不同的：）各種各樣的，不同的：He has visited many different places in China.他去過(guò)

8、中國(guó)的不少地方。他去過(guò)中國(guó)的不少地方。This department store sells a large number of different things.這家百貨商店出售許多各種各樣的東西。這家百貨商店出售許多各種各樣的東西。 n. differencencenter n. 中心，中央 v. 集中，使聚集在一點(diǎn)盡管倫敦市英國(guó)的首都，但是它并不在這個(gè)國(guó)家的中心。 Although London is Britains capital, it is not at the center of the country.他的興趣都以學(xué)習(xí)為中心。 His interests are center

9、ed round his family. centre n.中心，中央 （美式center）the center of town 市中心市中心town centre= downtown 市中心，市區(qū)市中心，市區(qū)經(jīng)典用法：經(jīng)典用法：in the center of: 在中間在中間, 在中央在中央 in the middle of in the centre (of sp), adj. central中央的，中心的中央的，中心的nabroad adv. 往國(guó)外，到處，海外，廣泛 go abroad 去國(guó)外 live abroad 到國(guó)外定居 study abroad 到國(guó)外學(xué)習(xí)他在國(guó)外生活了許多年

10、。 He lived abroad for many years.你出國(guó)度假嗎？Are you going abroad for your holidays? 課文Listening:True or false1.I have just received a letter from my sister, Tim. False. I have just received a letter from my brother, Tim.2. He has been there for three months. False. He has been there for six months.3. Ti

11、m is a mechanic. He is working for a small firm. False. Tim is an engineer. He is working for a big firm.4. He has already visited a great number of different places in Australia. True. True or false 5. He has just bought an American car . False. He has just bought an Australian car.6. He has gone t

12、o Alice Springs , a small town in the south of Australia. False. He has gone to Alice Springs , a small town in the centre of Australia.7. He will soon visit Perth, and then fly to Darwin. False. He will soon visit Darwin, and then fly to Perth.8. My brother has never been abroad there, so he is fin

13、ding this trip very exciting. True.nWhom have you just received a letter from?收到某人來(lái)信get a letter from sb.have a letter from sb.hear from sb.nWhere is he?nHow long has he been there?nwhat is Tim?nwhat is Tim working for?work for: 在上班、任職,還可以用work at/in3. he has already visited a great number of differ

14、ent places in Australia. a number of+可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)，number前一般可用large, great, small等形容詞強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量大小。a great many of + 可數(shù)名詞A great number of students are fond of music.A great number of boys like playing basketball.nwhat has Tim just bought?nWhere has he gone? have been to +sp.去過(guò)去過(guò) have gone to +sp.去了還未回來(lái)去了還未回來(lái)nwh

15、ere will Tim soon visit?Soon：adv. shortly ; in a short timenShell soon/shortly be here.nSoon got, Soon gone. 來(lái)得容易去得快。nHas Tim ever been abroad before?nIs he finding this trip very exciting?V+賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ) make the text easyFind + n. + adj. find the trip exciting find the room clean Do you find the film

16、disappointing? （失望）（失望） I have just _ a letter_my brother, Tim. He is in Australia. He has _ there for six months. Tim is an engineer. He is working _a big firm and he has already _a great number of different places in Australia. He has just _an Australian car and has _to Alice Springs, a small town

17、 in the centre of Australia. He will soon visit Darwin. From there, he will fly to Perth. My brother has never _ abroad before, so he is finding this trip very exciting. receivedfrombeenforvisitedboughtgonebeenLesson 4 An exciting trip I have just received a letter from my brother, Tim. He is in Aus

18、tralia. He has been there for six months. Tim is an engineer. He is working for a big firm and he has already visited a great number of different places in Australia. He has just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice Springs, a small town in the centre of Australia. He will soon visit Darwi

19、n. From there, he will fly to Perth. My brother has never been abroad before, so he is finding this trip very exciting. 一個(gè)一個(gè)名詞名詞（或短語(yǔ)等）與（或短語(yǔ)等）與另一個(gè)名詞另一個(gè)名詞（或短（或短語(yǔ)）語(yǔ)）并列并列而作為其而作為其說(shuō)明或限定成分時(shí)說(shuō)明或限定成分時(shí)稱為同稱為同位語(yǔ)。位語(yǔ)。 同位語(yǔ)與它所補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的成分之間同位語(yǔ)與它所補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的成分之間 用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。課文中有兩句話含有同位語(yǔ)：I have just received a letter from my brot

20、her, Tim.（Tim是my brother的同位語(yǔ)。它們指的是同一個(gè)人。Tim用來(lái)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明my brother的名字）He has just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice Springs, a small town in the centre of Australia.（在這句話中 a small town in the centre of Australia是Alice Springs的同位語(yǔ)，補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明這是個(gè)多大的鎮(zhèn)子，在什么地方） 同位語(yǔ)如果同位語(yǔ)如果太長(zhǎng)太長(zhǎng)，可以，可以另譯為一句另譯為一句。如課文中。如課文中第二個(gè)例句

21、的后半部分可以譯為：第二個(gè)例句的后半部分可以譯為：“現(xiàn)在去了現(xiàn)在去了艾利斯斯普林斯。這是澳大利亞中部的一個(gè)小艾利斯斯普林斯。這是澳大利亞中部的一個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)。鎮(zhèn)?！?如：如： This is John, one of my best friends. 這位是約翰。他是我最好的朋友之一。這位是約翰。他是我最好的朋友之一。 Mrs. Smith, my neighbour, has never been abroad. 我的鄰居史密斯夫人從來(lái)沒(méi)有出過(guò)國(guó)我的鄰居史密斯夫人從來(lái)沒(méi)有出過(guò)國(guó)。Summary writingAnswer these questions in not more than 50 wo

22、rds.1. What has the writer just received from his brother?2. Is Tim an engineer, or is he a doctor?3. How long has he been in Australia?4. Has he already visited many places or not?5. Where is he now?6. Has Tim ever been abroad before or not?7. Is he enjoying his trip very much or not?Summary writin

23、g nThe writer has just received a letter from his brother, Tim. Tim is an engineer. He has been in Australia for six months. He has just already visited many places. Now he is in Alice springs. Tim has never been abroad before. He is enjoying his trip very much. The present perfect tense現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)n我住在北京。

24、n我曾經(jīng)住在北京。n我一直住在北京。I live in Beijing.I lived in Beijing.I have lived in Beijing.現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在完成完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成形式時(shí)的構(gòu)成形式havehas（單數(shù)第三人稱單數(shù)第三人稱）助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞過(guò)去過(guò)去分詞分詞Grammarcome-came-comego-went-goneget-got-gotthink-thought-thought+現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在完成完成時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)WinterWinter has has alreadyalready comecome. .Grammar: the present perfect tense.Have/h

25、as+過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞用來(lái)表示之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，而其結(jié)果卻和用來(lái)表示之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，而其結(jié)果卻和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系: 動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過(guò)去動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過(guò)去,但它的但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在影響現(xiàn)在還存在。 They have left. -他們已經(jīng)離開(kāi)了他們已經(jīng)離開(kāi)了,也就是說(shuō)現(xiàn)在他們?nèi)瞬辉谶@里也就是說(shuō)現(xiàn)在他們?nèi)瞬辉谶@里 I have had my lunch. -我已經(jīng)吃過(guò)午飯了我已經(jīng)吃過(guò)午飯了,也就是說(shuō)我現(xiàn)在不餓也就是說(shuō)我現(xiàn)在不餓現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在完成完成時(shí)的含義時(shí)的含義也可表示也可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。 He has learned En

26、glish since 2001. -從從2001年開(kāi)始學(xué)的年開(kāi)始學(xué)的,現(xiàn)在還在繼續(xù)學(xué)著呢現(xiàn)在還在繼續(xù)學(xué)著呢3現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),動(dòng)詞一般是動(dòng)詞一般是延續(xù)性的延續(xù)性的,如如live,teach,learn,work,study, know. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)常用的非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞有常用的非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。等。She joined the League three years ago.(加入的動(dòng)作不是延續(xù)的加入的動(dòng)作不是延續(xù)的)

27、She has been in the League for three years (since three years ago).(在團(tuán)內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù)在團(tuán)內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù))She has been a League member for three years (since three years ago).(是團(tuán)員的狀態(tài)可持續(xù)是團(tuán)員的狀態(tài)可持續(xù))Grammarnowpastfuture一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示的是純粹在過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示的是純粹在過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示的是在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間開(kāi)始并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示的是在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間開(kāi)始并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作在的動(dòng)作/狀

28、態(tài)狀態(tài),或者發(fā)生在過(guò)去卻對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或者發(fā)生在過(guò)去卻對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響Grammar 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的比較現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的比較 1）一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純敘述過(guò)去表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純敘述過(guò)去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作； 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)為過(guò)去發(fā)生的，強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的為過(guò)去發(fā)生的，強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響。I saw this film yesterday.強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作發(fā)生過(guò)了。強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作發(fā)生過(guò)了。I have seen this film. 強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在

29、的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。2一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)常與具體的表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用常與具體的表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用;現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常與模糊時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用或無(wú)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。通常與模糊時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用或無(wú)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ): yesterday, last week，ago, in1990, in October, just now, - 具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ): for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in the past

30、few years, recently, -模糊的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)模糊的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)句子中如有過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間副詞（如句子中如有過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間副詞（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）時(shí)，不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，要用過(guò)去時(shí)）時(shí)，不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，要用過(guò)去時(shí)錯(cuò)錯(cuò)Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.對(duì)對(duì)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.Grammar延續(xù)動(dòng)詞表示經(jīng)驗(yàn)、經(jīng)歷；延續(xù)動(dòng)詞表示經(jīng)驗(yàn)、經(jīng)歷；瞬間動(dòng)詞表示行為的結(jié)果瞬間動(dòng)詞表示行為的結(jié)果,不能與表示一段不能與表示一

31、段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。比較延續(xù)動(dòng)詞與瞬間動(dòng)詞比較延續(xù)動(dòng)詞與瞬間動(dòng)詞 He has finished the work.他已完成了那項(xiàng)工作。他已完成了那項(xiàng)工作。 (表結(jié)果表結(jié)果)Ive known him since then.我從那時(shí)起就認(rèn)識(shí)他了。我從那時(shí)起就認(rèn)識(shí)他了。(表經(jīng)歷表經(jīng)歷)Grammarsince 用來(lái)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作起始時(shí)間用來(lái)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作起始時(shí)間 “自從自從”for用來(lái)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作延續(xù)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度用來(lái)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作延續(xù)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度 “長(zhǎng)達(dá)長(zhǎng)達(dá)”I have lived here for more than twenty years.I have lived here since I was bo

32、rn.My aunt has worked in a company since 1949. I have not heard from my uncle for a long time.比較比較since和和for并非有并非有for 作為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的句子都用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)作為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的句子都用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)I worked here for more than twenty years. (我現(xiàn)在已不在這里工作。我現(xiàn)在已不在這里工作。)I have worked here for many years. (現(xiàn)在我仍在這里工作?，F(xiàn)在我仍在這里工作。)GrammarHe has gone to Shang

33、hai.他他(已經(jīng)已經(jīng))去上海了。去上海了。He has been to Shanghai.他他(曾經(jīng)曾經(jīng)) 去過(guò)上海。去過(guò)上海。比較比較 have/has been to , have/has gone toGrammar1. He died 10 years ago. - He _ _ _ for 10 years / since 10 years ago.2. He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago. - He _ _ the book for 2 weeks.3. He bought the motorbike a month ago. -He _ _ the

34、 motorbike for a month.4. He arrived here three days ago. - He _ _ here since three days ago.5. They turned off the light 2 hours ago. - The light _ _ _ for 2 hours.6. He left here 2 years ago. - He _ _ _ from here for 2 years.7. The film began 30 minutes ago. - The film _ _ _ for 30 minutes.8. They

35、 opened the door an hour ago. - The door _ _ _ for an hour.9. They closed the door an hour ago. - The door _ _ _ for an hour.10. He joined the army last year. - He _ _ a _ for a year. - He _ _ _ the army for a year. - It _ a year _ he joined the army. 延續(xù)性延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞和瞬間性瞬間性動(dòng)詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)化動(dòng)詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)化Exercisesum up1.

36、過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響或產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果。常與表示時(shí)間的副詞連用，如yet, just, before, recently, ever, never等。e.g. We have just won the match. I have never been to Australia before.一、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)sum up1.表示從過(guò)去開(kāi)始延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常與表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀態(tài)連用，如so far, up till now, since, for a long time, in the past few years, those days等。e.g. So far, he has bro

37、ken two world records. I have worked here for four years.一、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)sum up3.短暫性動(dòng)詞在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞有die, arrive, leave, go, refuse, finish, marry, buy等。e.g. His grandfather has died for three years. His grandfather has been dead for three years. I have bought the car for half a year. I have got

38、 the car for half a year.一、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)sum up一、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)肯定句：主語(yǔ)+have/has+過(guò)去分詞+其它否定句：主語(yǔ)+have/has not+過(guò)去分詞+其它疑問(wèn)句：Have/Has+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞+其它He has been to Australia.He has not been to Australia.Has he been to Australia?-Will you go shopping with me now?-Sorry, I cant. I _ my shirts.A wash B have washed C washed D am washingHow long have you _ the magazine?About a week. A found B borrowed C received D had_ you _ the film Harry Potter 5?Not yet. I will see it this Sunday.A Did, see B Are, seeingC Have, seen D Do, seeHow is Ann? I _ her for a long time.A dont see B