現(xiàn)在分詞,過去作定語,意義上接近一個定語從句,表示一個正在進(jìn)行的動作或者表示一個主動的動作ppt課件

1、1、意義如今分詞可以單獨(dú)作定語，也可以構(gòu)成復(fù)合詞作定語，包括限定性和非限定性用逗號與其他部分分開，在意義上相當(dāng)于一個定語從句包括限定性定語從句和非限定性定語從句。2、構(gòu)造(以do為例)自動式：doing被動式：being doneThe Present Participle as Attributive3、用法單個如今分詞作定語常位于被修飾詞之前。Dont wake up the sleeping boy.On the following day, the poor girl died.如今分詞短語作定語放在被修飾詞之后。The bird singing in the tree is very

2、 beautiful.My uncle working in the south will be back in a few days.如今分詞作定語，意義上接近一個定語從句，表示一個如今分詞作定語，意義上接近一個定語從句，表示一個正在進(jìn)展的動作或者表示一個自動的動作。例如：正在進(jìn)展的動作或者表示一個自動的動作。例如：China is a developing country.China is a developing country. = China is a country which is developing. = China is a country which is develop

3、ing.中國是一個開展中國家。中國是一個開展中國家。 I saw a girl who is sleeping in the waiting room. =在候車室里我看見一個熟睡的女孩。在候車室里我看見一個熟睡的女孩。The man who is talking with our headmaster is Toms father. =I saw a sleeping girl in the waiting room.The man talking with our headmaster is Toms father.Practice正和校長說話的那個人是湯姆的父親。正和校長說話的那個人是湯

4、姆的父親。留意留意:用如今分詞短語作定語時，要留意如今分詞所表示動作發(fā)用如今分詞短語作定語時，要留意如今分詞所表示動作發(fā)生的時間。生的時間。 1.如今分詞表示正在進(jìn)展的動作變?yōu)閺木鋾r要用進(jìn)展如今分詞表示正在進(jìn)展的動作變?yōu)閺木鋾r要用進(jìn)展時態(tài)時態(tài)The boy standing there is a classmate of mine.= The boy who is standing there is a classmate of mine.There were a lot of boys on the playground playing football.= There were a lot

5、 of boys on the playground who were playing football.Did you see the man talking to the headmaster?=Did you see the man who was talking to the headmaster? 2.如今分詞表示經(jīng)常性的動作或如今當(dāng)時如今分詞表示經(jīng)常性的動作或如今當(dāng)時形狀，變?yōu)閺木鋾r用普通如今時或普經(jīng)過去時。形狀，變?yōu)閺木鋾r用普通如今時或普經(jīng)過去時。They lived in a room facing the south.= They lived in a room that f

6、aced the south.The house standing at the corner of the street was built in 1955.= The house that stands at the corner of the street was built in 1955. 并不是一切的定語從句可以用分詞短語交換。并不是一切的定語從句可以用分詞短語交換。The man who came this morning is our class teacher.Can you tell me the accident that happened yesterday?Those

7、 who have finished their work can go home now.Is there anyone who can answer this question?(The Past Participle as Attributive)1、意義、意義作定語用的過去分詞相當(dāng)于描畫詞，其邏輯主語就是作定語用的過去分詞相當(dāng)于描畫詞，其邏輯主語就是它所修飾的名詞。它所修飾的名詞。及物動詞的過去分詞作定語，既表被動又表完成；不及物動詞的過去分詞作定語，既表被動又表完成；不及物動詞的過去分詞作定語，只表完成。及物動詞的過去分詞作定語，只表完成。 I cant find the lost

8、pen. The retired man goes to the park every morning.2、用法、用法單個的過去分詞作定語，常置于其所修飾的詞之前，單個的過去分詞作定語，常置于其所修飾的詞之前， 有時也可置于所修飾的詞之后。有時也可置于所修飾的詞之后。 We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions. 我們必需使我們的思想順應(yīng)改動了的情況。我們必需使我們的思想順應(yīng)改動了的情況。 We have no time left. 過去分詞短語用作定語時，普通置于其所修飾的名過去分詞短語用作定語時，普通置于其所修飾的名詞之后，其意

9、義相當(dāng)于一個定語從句，但較從句簡詞之后，其意義相當(dāng)于一個定語從句，但較從句簡約，多用于書面語中。約，多用于書面語中。 The concert given by their friends was a success.= The concert which was given by their friends was a success.他們朋友舉行的音樂會大為勝利。他們朋友舉行的音樂會大為勝利。 過去分詞短語有時也可用作非限制性定語，過去分詞短語有時也可用作非限制性定語，前后常有逗號。前后常有逗號。 The meeting, attended by over five thousand peo

10、ple, welcomed the great hero. 他們舉行了歡迎英雄的大會，到會的有五千他們舉行了歡迎英雄的大會，到會的有五千多人。多人。 用來修飾人的過去分詞有時可以轉(zhuǎn)移到修用來修飾人的過去分詞有時可以轉(zhuǎn)移到修飾非人的事物，這種過去分詞在方式上雖飾非人的事物，這種過去分詞在方式上雖不直接修飾人，但它所修飾的事物仍與人不直接修飾人，但它所修飾的事物仍與人直接有關(guān)。直接有關(guān)。 The boy looked up with a pleased expression. 男孩帶著稱心的表情舉目而男孩帶著稱心的表情舉目而視。視。 留意如今分詞與其它非謂語方式作定語的區(qū)別：留意如今分詞與其它非謂

11、語方式作定語的區(qū)別： 1 1、如今分詞作定語，表示一個自動的、正在進(jìn)、如今分詞作定語，表示一個自動的、正在進(jìn)展的動作。如：展的動作。如：The professor giving a speech about The professor giving a speech about pollution now is from Harvard University.pollution now is from Harvard University.正在做關(guān)于污染報告的教授來自哈佛大學(xué)。正在做關(guān)于污染報告的教授來自哈佛大學(xué)。2、 如今分詞的被動語態(tài)如今分詞的被動語態(tài)being+V-ed表示一個被動表示一

12、個被動的、正在進(jìn)展的動作。它包含的意思是的、正在進(jìn)展的動作。它包含的意思是: 正在被正在被The freeway being built now will lead to Xingang Seaport.=The freeway which is being built now will lead to Xingang Seaport.正在建立的高速公路將直通新港碼頭。正在建立的高速公路將直通新港碼頭。The question which is being discussed is very important. Do you know the boy who is being punishe

13、d by his parents? =The question being discussed is very important.=Do you know the boy being punished by his parents?3 3、如今分詞的完成式、如今分詞的完成式“having+V-edhaving+V-ed不能作定不能作定語，此時可以用一個定語從句替代。例如：語，此時可以用一個定語從句替代。例如：他了解昨天發(fā)生的事故嗎？他了解昨天發(fā)生的事故嗎？Do you know anything about the accident Do you know anything about th

14、e accident that happened yesterday? that happened yesterday? ( ) ( ) Do you know anything about the accident Do you know anything about the accident having happened yesterday? having happened yesterday? ( ( ) )4 4、 及物動詞的過去分詞作定語，表示一個被動的、及物動詞的過去分詞作定語，表示一個被動的、曾經(jīng)完成的動作。曾經(jīng)完成的動作。 例如：例如：The computer center,

15、 built last term, is very The computer center, built last term, is very popular among the students in the school.popular among the students in the school.The computer center, which was built last term, is very popular among the students in the school.上學(xué)期建成的計算機(jī)中心很受學(xué)校學(xué)生的歡迎。上學(xué)期建成的計算機(jī)中心很受學(xué)校學(xué)生的歡迎。多數(shù)不及物動詞

16、的過去分詞不能作定語，只需少數(shù)不多數(shù)不及物動詞的過去分詞不能作定語，只需少數(shù)不及物動詞的過去分詞能作定語，及物動詞的過去分詞能作定語， 表示該動作在謂語表示該動作在謂語動詞動作之前完成。如：動詞動作之前完成。如：The path to the library was covered with fallen leaves.I need some boiled water now.PracticeThis is a picture which was painted by my father. = This is a picture painted by my father. The new tr

17、ain which was designed by this expert will be tested next month. = The new train designed by this expert will be tested next month.The letter which was mailed last night will reach him tomorrow. =The letter mailed last night will reach him tomorrow. 5 5、 不定式不定式to+V.to+V.作定語表示一個未來要發(fā)生的作定語表示一個未來要發(fā)生的動作。如：動作。如：The patient to be exami