2021年上海市市八高級(jí)中學(xué)高三英語(yǔ)第一次聯(lián)考試題及參考答案

1、2021 年上海市市八高級(jí)中學(xué)高三英語(yǔ)第一次聯(lián)考試題及參考答案第一部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分40 分）第一節(jié)（共15 小題；每小題2 分，滿(mǎn)分30 分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)AYou have to praise the smoothness（順暢） of ants on the move. No matter how many of them are goingtoward a place, there's never a hold-up. A new research paper shows how ants keep traffic flow

2、ing by changingtheir behavior to meet changing conditions.For their experiments, researchers from the University of Toulouse focused on Argentine ants, animals thatoften move from colony （ 群落）to colony depending on where the food is. Making use of Argentine ants' talent forfast travel, the resea

3、rchers built bridges connecting their colonies. The bridges were different in width from a fifthto three -quarters of an inch. The colonies, too, were of different sizes, ranging from 400 to more than 25,000 ants.Then the researchers sat back andmonitoredthe traffic. To their surprise, even when tho

4、se narrower bridgeswere full of ants, there were no "trafficaccidents". "When the numberof ants on the bridge increased, ants seemed to be able to understand the situation and adjusted（調(diào)整） their speed accordingly to avoid making the traffic flow stop. "the authors note. "Mor

5、eover, ants avoided entering a busy road and made sure that the bridgewas never too packed to cross.”The lesson for humans? The traffic problem may lie in our inability to adjust our driving habits for the good of the whole. Driving is fun when there are few cars on the road. Then the traffic moves

6、very slowly. And yet, some impatient driver still acts like he's alone on the road.The research suggests that projects, like the ever-widening of highways, may never free us from traffic jams.As long as we drive along with our own habits, no matter how many other people are on the road, we'l

7、l always end up in a traffic jam. Indeed, less space may actually be a good thing. It leaves less room for individual choice and forces us to take a page from the driving book of ants.1. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?A. The results of the experiments.B. The purpose of the experimentsC. The prepar

8、ation of the experiments.D. The requirements of the experiments2. What does the underlined word "monitor" in paragraph 3 probably mean?A. watch and check.B. seek and improveC. design and planD. discuss and practise3. What is the best title for the text?A. Is widening highways a solution?B.

9、 Why don't ants need traffic lights?C. Can we learn safe driving from ants?D. What can ants teach us about traffic jams?BThere are 8.8 million blind people in India. In fact, there are 36 million blind people worldwide and a quarter of them are in India; however, many cases of blindness in India

10、 are curable. The poor in India have limited access to primary eye healthcare and often do not eat foods rich in micronutrients, like vitamins and minerals, which play an important role in maintaining good eye health.Many people worldwide are not even aware that they may have a vision (視力 ) problem

11、simply because they do not get their eyes tested every year with a doctor, who tests for the functioning of the eye muscles (肌肉 ), as well as commondiseases like night blindness. This exam is strongly recommendedby experts because somechanges in vision, which the patient may take longer to notice, c

12、an be found easily in this way.Certain simple changes in diet and lifestyle can ensure better eye health for you. These include drinking plenty -of water, not smoking, and eating brightlycolor1 ed and leafy fruitand vegetables. Wearing sunglasses protects your eyes from the sun, which damages otherw

13、ise healthy eyes. Learn about your family's eye disease history, and be on the lookout for any problem about your vision. Make sure that you see a doctor immediately forearly intervention( 干預(yù) ) if you see any of these signs of worsening eye health.If you or a loved one needs to cure blindness or

14、 other eye diseases, turn to a crowdfunding (眾籌 ) platform. A groupof eye healthcaregivers have fundraisedwithcrowdfundingplatformImpactGuruto raise moneytoperform operations on the eyes of blind women in south Asia. Running an online fundraiser enables both doctors and patients to find a way out of

15、 the dark. If you want eye care to develop, start a fundraiser today.4. Why are there so many blind people in India?A. There is a lack of eye hospitals in India.B. People pay no attention to their eyes at all.C. Poor Indians lack food good for eye health.D. The environment damages their eyes.5. What

16、 does the author suggest in Paragraph 2?A. Examining your eyes annually.B. Strengthening muscles every day.C. Raising the awareness of physical health.D. Attaching importance to self -examination.6. Which of the following may do harm to your eyes?A. Smoking a lot.B. Wearing sunglasses.C. Drinking mu

17、ch water.D. Watching brightly -color1 ed pictures.7. What does the author want to show in the last paragraph?A. How to start a fundraiser online.B. The importance of raising money.C. The role of crowdfunding in eye care.D. What should bedone to raise money.CWater keeps us alive. When it runs out, we

18、 have a problem.About one out of four people on the planet are facing a shortage of water. Seventeen countries around the world are dealing with high-water stress. This means they are using almost all the water they have access to. Many are dry countries. Some waste much of their water. Some may cur

19、rently use too much of their groundwater thatthey should be saving. Several big cities face acute shortages. These include Sao Paulo, Brazil; Chennai, India; and Cape Town, South Africa. A year ago, Cape Town faced nay Zero-the day when all its dams would he dry.Climate change adds tothe risk of wat

20、er shortages. Rainfall isless steady. The water supply becomes lessreliable.The days grow hotter.More water evaporates( 蒸 發(fā) )from lakes and rivers even as demand for water increases. By 2030, the number of cities in the high-stress category may have risen to 45 and include almost 470million people.A

21、ll over the world, farmers compete with city residents for water. Rich urban places, such as Los Angeles, use too much water for pools and golf courses. But the worst problem is the growth of cities. Bangalore, India, for example, had a few years with little rain. It built over its many lakes or fil

22、led them with city waste. The lakes are no longer the rain water storage tanks they once were. Bangalore now imports water. A lot of the imported water, however, gets lost on the way to Bangalore.To address this issue, what can be done? First, cities can plug leaks in theirwater distributionsystem.W

23、astewater can be recycled. Rain can be harvested and saved for hard times. Lakes and wetlands can be cleaned up and old wells can be restored. And farmers can switch from water-intensive crops like rice to less -thirsty cropslike millet( 小米 ).Experts are looking at ways to reduce the number of peopl

24、e on the planet. They are looking at ways to reduce the size of cities. They are looking for ways to encourage people, factories and farmers to use less water.8. What can we know from Paragraph 2?A. A quarter of the world's population is living with water shortages.B. Nearly all countries are fa

25、cing acute water shortages now.C. Underground water should he used to meet the water demand.D. Measures have been taken to deal with the water shortage in India.9. What is the main idea of the third paragraph?A. Rainfall is not as steady as before.B. Climate change may lead to water shortages.C. The

26、 water supply relies more on rainfall.D. Hotter weather changes the water demand.10. What can farmers do to deal with water shortage?A. Plug leaks in the water distribution system.B. Clean up lakes and wetlands and restore wells.C. Reduce the number of people in the cities.D. Grow less-water consump

27、tion crops instead.11. What will be discussed if the passage continues?A. How to prevent from climate change.B. How to inspire people to save water.C. How to recycle wastewater in citiesD. How to make people get access to clean water.DHumans have found an easy way to tell if others are lying. Recent

28、 research shows that the best way so far is being clever at how you ask questions and listen to the answers.Much of this research is based on the idea that telling a lie is simply harder mental work than telling the truth.Making up a story takes more effort than simply recording something that happe

29、ned. And like a writer, a liar has to keep all the unreal details in his memory and sound believable when he explains them.One method that seems to work is asking them to tell their story in reverse order. This is harder when the story isn't true and makes it easier for you to tell they are lyin

30、g. An even more basic way that helps is to just ask more questions, especially unexpected ones. Truth-tellers can easily find more to say, but it's a challenge for a liar to come up with something that's not in his prepared story.Researchers suggest that you shouldn't lay all your cards

31、on the table at the start, but only gradually present what proof you have. The liars' stories may not agree with that proof, making it clear that they're lying.So it looks like there are ways to increase the chances of catching a liar; we've just been basing our methodson the wrong stori

32、es. Low -tech ways of causing people to make mistakes in conversation seem to work better than any science about eye movement or machines used to recognize a liar. To find a liar, watch less and listen more.12. Why does the author mention the writer?A. To show it's hard to make up lies.B. To sho

33、w it's hard to recognise a liar.C. To show writers know liars best.D. To show writers are very clever.13. What do we know about liars?A. They often have much to say.B. They often ask many questions.C. They usually prepare a made -up story.D. They usually feel good about themselves.14. What advic

34、e is given to help people catch liars?A. Asking them to set their stories down.B. Presenting your proof one by one.C. Telling different stories to them.D. Letting them ask questions.15. Which can be the best title for the text?A. Why People LieB. How to Stop People LyingC. Low-tech Ways to Find a Li

35、arD. LiarsAre Smarter than Thought第二節(jié)（共5 小題；每小題2 分，滿(mǎn)分 10 分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)Tricks to fight post -holiday fatigue"After any big event- a vacation, a wedding or the holidays- there can be a breakafter, "says psychologist Linda Smith. Here, she shares her tips on figh

36、ting post -holiday - fatigue （疲勞）：Plan something to look forward to.Getting back to daily boring work,especially in the darker days of winter, may cause seasonal upset to sink in.16This will give your brain something positive to focus on and can help overcome sadness and post -holiday tiredness.Orga

37、nize your desk.Nothing can make you feel more stressed than staring at a mountain of paperwork uponreturning to the office. While it's best to organize your desk before leaving for a holiday, take a couple of hours to clear your desk before settling in.17 Meditate( 冥想 ).Taking a timeout to simpl

38、y listen to your breath go in and out can re energizefind yourself feeling very tired, take a five-minute break to breathe deeply or take a walk outdoors.18 Make a to -do list.Before stepping back into theoffice, make a to-do list to help focus your mind. That said, Smith warns against making a list

39、 the night before returning to the office.19"A lack of sleep will affect how you feel and perform the next day," she says.Put up a new picture.Decorate your office witha new photo of your family or a trip you took during the holidays.20And this will help improve your energy levels.A. It

40、9;s back to your normal routine.B. You may find yourself feeling less energizedC. Starting with a clean desk can help your mind focus on the tasks.D. That's because it can then be difficult to turn off your brain and go to sleepE. Many studies have shown breathing in fresh air can help re energi

41、ze the brain.F. To relieve these blues, walk into the office with a plan for a party or a challenge.G. You will be reminded of the positive thoughts you had when you look at the picture.第二部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分45 分）第一節(jié)（共20 小題；每小題1.5 分，滿(mǎn)分30 分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)The first -grade teacher Su

42、san Reid atNorth BayHavenCharterAcademyhas been giving reading classes online.But one night she21one of her students Kayla was unusually22. Her classmates tried talking to her but they could tell something was23her. Kayla left the class a little early so Reid24her mom to checkwhat was the matter. Re

43、id was told that her sweet student was unhappy but didn t know the25.if she could26Kayla the next day. Reid came over and27the 7 -year-old girl.Mrs. Reid seated herself at the end of the driveway ( 私 人 車(chē) 道 ) and kept a28from Kayla. She readseveral books to her and also29all of their feelings during

44、COVID-19. She reminded Kayla that it s OK to get upset 30 ,itOsK to relaxand itevsen OK to cry if she needs to. She 31 Kayla that eventhough they are separated, they are all32the same thing at the same time.Reid has five children of her own. She is now homeschooling all of them as well as33reading c

45、lasses for another 18 students. She and her husband also34a cake business out of their home.They keep themselves fully35. Even with all of that, she sat on the drive-way talking to her student for an hour just to make sure she was OK.Seeing her student upset, Reid knew she had to show36. Her student

46、 didn t need morepractice;Kayla neededher37toshowherthatherfeelingswereunderstoodandthatshewasn t38. The girl s mom, Teresa Miller, said,“ When my daughter has children of her own, I w torememberwe should39timeforthethingsthatmattered40weare all busy andstressed.”21. A. forgotB. admittedC. thoughtD.

47、 noticed22. A. curiousB. afraidC. silentD. excited23. A. stoppingB. protectingC. followingD. bothering24. A. phonedB. invitedC. arrangedD. ordered25. A. excuseB. reasonC. resultD. purpose26. A. care forB. come acrossC. call onD. agree with27. A. surprisedB. embarrassedC. interestedD. disappointed28.

48、 A. planB. distanceC. diaryD. secret29. A. sharedB. acceptedC. forgaveD. reported30. A. completelyB. constantlyC. mostlyD. occasionally31. A. warnedB. answeredC. praisedD. comforted32. A. looking intoB. finding outC. going throughD. applying for33. A. takingB. givingC. cuttingD. developing34. A. los

49、eB. wantC. runD. dream35. A. occupiedB. preparedC. informedD. abandoned36. A. concernB. fairnessC. regretD. gratitude37. A. doctorB. teacherC. grandmotherD. monitor38. A. happyB. aloneC. patientD. lucky39. A. controlB. keepC. wasteD. spare40. A. so thatB. in caseC. even thoughD. as if第二節(jié)（共10 小題；每小題1

50、.5 分，滿(mǎn)分15 分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1 個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式I was reading a blog the otherday when I41.(find)a list of fundamentalskills American kids should learn before graduating from high school.42.number of skills were included, like how to do thewashing and change a tire.I d add to the list that young people

51、should be taught what it takes43.(get) their food from the farm to the dinner table.Agricultural education often gets44.(drop)from curricula.This leaves a gaping hole (漏洞) in a student s education45.they can learn practical lessons that will benefit them throughout their adultlives.As a result, today s46.(consume) in our nation is more disconnected from the farm than his or her parents.Agricultural education isn t 47. (mere)鄉(xiāng)fo村r r的ura)l s(chool kids; it should be a requirement inevery urbanschool.Kids should be outside,working48.handsand learning the meaningofhard work.Besides, ag