新人教必修3_Unit1_[情態(tài)動(dòng)詞]

1、GrammarModal verbs情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表說話人的某種感情情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表說話人的某種感情或語氣，對(duì)某一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的或語氣，對(duì)某一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的某種態(tài)度。表示某種態(tài)度。表示“需要、可以、需要、可以、必須、應(yīng)當(dāng)必須、應(yīng)當(dāng)”等。等。 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 ( modal verbs)1. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有一定的意義，只表示期待或估計(jì)某事的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有一定的意義，只表示期待或估計(jì)某事的發(fā)生，不能表示正在發(fā)生或已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情。發(fā)生，不能表示正在發(fā)生或已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情。 2. 沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，即情態(tài)動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)不沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，即情態(tài)動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)不加加-s。 3. 不能獨(dú)立使用，它和后面的動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成謂語。不

2、能獨(dú)立使用，它和后面的動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成謂語。4. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 除除ought 和和have 外，后面只能接動(dòng)詞原外，后面只能接動(dòng)詞原形形5. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒有非謂語形式，即沒有不定式，分詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒有非謂語形式，即沒有不定式，分詞等形式。等形式。 只作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的只作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的 can/could, may/might, ought to, must可情態(tài)可實(shí)義的可情態(tài)可實(shí)義的 need, dare/dared可情態(tài)可助動(dòng)詞的可情態(tài)可助動(dòng)詞的shall/should, will/would相當(dāng)于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的相當(dāng)于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的have to, used to情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的語法特征情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的語法特征 (EB p6

3、)1) Some of us can use the computer now, but we couldnt last year.2) The new-built theatre can seat 1500 people.3) Can she be in the computer center?4) I thought what he said could not be true.5) Can/Could I use your dictionary?6) Could you lend me a hand?1. 1.表能力表能力3. 表示表示“請(qǐng)求請(qǐng)求” “允許允許”(表請(qǐng)求時(shí)，口語中常用表請(qǐng)

4、求時(shí)，口語中常用 could 代替代替 can 使語氣更委婉，回答時(shí)用使語氣更委婉，回答時(shí)用can)2. 表示推測(cè)，意為表示推測(cè)，意為“可能可能”“”“或許或許”，用于疑問句或否定句，用于疑問句或否定句1. can 與與could4. 表示表示“許可許可”，可與，可與may 換用。換用。You can go home now.5. can 用于疑問句或否定句中時(shí)，表驚異、用于疑問句或否定句中時(shí)，表驚異、不相信等，意思是不相信等，意思是“可能、能夠可能、能夠”。How can you say that you really understand the wholestory if you hav

5、e covered only part of the article?6. cant/ couldnt +have + done 表示對(duì)過去情況的否定表示對(duì)過去情況的否定推測(cè)推測(cè), “不可能做過不可能做過”Susan cant have written a report like this.7. could + have + done 表示對(duì)過去能做而未做的事情表示對(duì)過去能做而未做的事情感到惋惜，遺憾感到惋惜，遺憾, “本來可以做實(shí)際沒能做本來可以做實(shí)際沒能做”Its a pity. Your class could have got the first prize.cant用來表示由于特定事

6、實(shí)或環(huán)境某事肯定不會(huì)發(fā)生。用來表示由于特定事實(shí)或環(huán)境某事肯定不會(huì)發(fā)生。“不可能不可能”Eg: 1) -Listen, someone is knocking at the door, who can it be? - It cant be Tom. He has gone abroad. 2) - Can/ Could they have finished the work? - No, they cant have finished the work so soon. Michael _ be a policeman, for hes much too short. A. neednt B.

7、 cant C. should D. may 2. Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How _ it be that he was late for the opening ceremony(開幕式開幕式)? A. can B. should C. may D. must 3. - I stayed at a hotel while in New York. - Oh, did you? You _ with Barbara. A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have st

8、ayed My sister met him at the Grand Theater(大劇院大劇院) yesterday afternoon, so he _ your lecture. A. couldnt have attended B. neednt have attended C. mustnt have attended D. shouldnt have attendedBAAA2. may 與與might1. 表示表示“許可許可”或或“請(qǐng)求請(qǐng)求”，有，有“可以可以”的意思，口語中的意思，口語中 常用常用 might 代代 may ,表示委婉語氣。表示委婉語氣。 否定回答時(shí)用否定回

9、答時(shí)用“must not”表表“禁止，阻止禁止，阻止”， 不用不用 “may not”. “may not” 表示表示“可能不可能不” 。(EB p6)Eg: 1)- May I watch TV after supper? - Yes, you may. / No, you mustnt.2) Today is Sunday. She may not be in the office. 2. 表示可能性。表示可能性。 意為意為“或許，可能或許，可能” might 比比 may 可能性小?？赡苄孕?。Eg: 1) It might be true. 2) They may be in the l

10、ibrary now.3. may/ might as well + 動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形 “還是還是的好的好” Eg: You may as well go and have a look.4. May you +動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形 表表“希望、祝愿、祈求希望、祝愿、祈求” “祝你祝你”Eg: May you succeed.1.Sorry Im late. I _ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again. A. might B. shouldC. can D. will2.Peter _ come with us

11、tonight, but he isnt very sure yet. A. must B. may C. can D. willAB3. will 與與would 1. 表請(qǐng)求、建議等，用表請(qǐng)求、建議等，用 would 比用比用will 委婉，客氣些委婉，客氣些Eg: 1)Will you lend me your book? 2) Would you like a cup of tea?2. 用于表示意志或意愿。用于表示意志或意愿。 will 指現(xiàn)在，而指現(xiàn)在，而 would 指過去。指過去。Eg: 1) Ill never do that again. 2) They said that

12、 they would help us.3.表示習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。表示習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。 譯作譯作 “總是、慣于總是、慣于” will 指現(xiàn)在，指現(xiàn)在， would 指過去指過去(would&used to 見見EB p7)。Eg: 1)He will often read all night. 2) Fish will die without water. 3) Every evening, she would sit by window, deep in thought.4. 表示功能，譯作表示功能，譯作“能、行能、行”Eg: 1) That will be all right. 2) Thi

13、s door wont open.5. 用于否定句用于否定句(will not/wont)中，表示中，表示“不肯、不樂意不肯、不樂意”Eg: No matter what I said, he wont listen to me.4. should1. 用于表勸告、建議。用于表勸告、建議。 意為意為”應(yīng)該、應(yīng)當(dāng)應(yīng)該、應(yīng)當(dāng)”。Eg: You should keep your promise.2. 用于表推測(cè)。用于表推測(cè)。 意為意為 “可能、該可能、該”Eg: 1) Its 7 oclock, he should be at home. 2) They should have arrived by

14、 now.3. should在一些結(jié)構(gòu)中，還可表惋惜、憂慮、驚訝、在一些結(jié)構(gòu)中，還可表惋惜、憂慮、驚訝、 歡樂、責(zé)備等感情色彩歡樂、責(zé)備等感情色彩e.g. Why shouldnt you invite him? I dont see why we shouldnt make friends. How should I know? 2) 在在that引導(dǎo)的從句中，引導(dǎo)的從句中，should也可表感情色彩。也可表感情色彩。 e.g. Im sorry that you should think so badly of me. It is absurd that such things shoul

15、d happen to a family like theirs. 3) should還用于一些特殊結(jié)構(gòu)表感情色彩。還用于一些特殊結(jié)構(gòu)表感情色彩。That it should come to this! 事情竟到了這種地步。事情竟到了這種地步。 To think that it should have happened to me! 誰想到這種事竟發(fā)生在我身上。誰想到這種事竟發(fā)生在我身上。1) should表感情色彩，常用在以表感情色彩，常用在以why, how開頭的疑問句中。開頭的疑問句中。5. shall 與與will1. shall 與第一、三人稱連用，且用在疑問句中時(shí)，與第一、三人稱連

16、用，且用在疑問句中時(shí)， 表說話人征求聽話者的允諾。表說話人征求聽話者的允諾。 will 與第二人稱連用，且出現(xiàn)在疑問句中時(shí)，與第二人稱連用，且出現(xiàn)在疑問句中時(shí)， 表示請(qǐng)求。表示請(qǐng)求。 would 更客氣。更客氣。Eg: 1) Shall we begin our discussion? 2) Shall the driver wait? 3) Will you speak louder, please?2. shall的主語是第二、三人稱的陳述句，表示說話人的主語是第二、三人稱的陳述句，表示說話人 的允諾、警告、命令等語氣。的允諾、警告、命令等語氣。 will 的主語是第一、二、三人稱的陳述句

17、，的主語是第一、二、三人稱的陳述句， 表意志、意愿。表意志、意愿。Eg: 1)You shall get the book tomorrow. 2) He shall be punished. 3) You shall go with me. 4) If you will come to my house, I will show you my new painting.允諾允諾警告警告命令命令6. must1. 表示義務(wù)或強(qiáng)烈的勸告，意為表示義務(wù)或強(qiáng)烈的勸告，意為“必須必須”“”“應(yīng)該應(yīng)該”， 其否定式表示其否定式表示 “不準(zhǔn)不準(zhǔn)”“”“禁止禁止”。Eg: 1) You must finis

18、h your homework first. 2) Children mustnt speak like that to their parents.2. 回答回答 must 所在的一般疑問句時(shí)，否定回答用所在的一般疑問句時(shí)，否定回答用 “neednt” “dont have to”.Eg: -Must we finish the work tomorrow? -No, you neednt/ dont have to, but you must finish it in three days.3. 表推測(cè)，用于肯定句，意為表推測(cè)，用于肯定句，意為“一定一定”“”“務(wù)必務(wù)必”。Eg: 1) B

19、etty must be in the next room. 2) He must be watering the flowers in his garden. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + have done (EB p23)這是歷年高考熱點(diǎn)之一，這是歷年高考熱點(diǎn)之一，可表示可表示“推測(cè)、責(zé)備、懷疑推測(cè)、責(zé)備、懷疑”等多種意義。等多種意義。一、表示對(duì)過去事情的推測(cè)或估計(jì)一、表示對(duì)過去事情的推測(cè)或估計(jì)1. must have done “想必或肯定已經(jīng)做了某事想必或肯定已經(jīng)做了某事” eg: The ground is rather wet, so it must have rained last n

20、ight.2. may/might have done “可能可能/大概已經(jīng)做了某事大概已經(jīng)做了某事” eg: Tom may have gone to shanghai, but Im still not sure about it.3. cant/couldnt have done “不可能已經(jīng)做了某事不可能已經(jīng)做了某事” eg: The ground is very dry, so it cant have rained last night.注：在疑問句中注：在疑問句中 can/could have done表示對(duì)過去情況的表示對(duì)過去情況的疑問性推測(cè)，疑問性推測(cè)，“可能已經(jīng)可能已經(jīng)了嗎？了嗎？” eg: Someone must have broken into our bedroom. Who could have done it?He neednt have come.He didnt need to come. 他本沒有必要來（實(shí)際也沒來）他本沒有必要來（實(shí)際也沒來）他本沒有必要來（實(shí)際卻來了）他本沒有必要來（實(shí)際卻來了）4. neednt have done “原本不必做的事卻做了原本不必做的事卻做了” eg: Your home is not far from your school