2019年高考英語語法專題考點梳理與練習---定語從句

1、精選優(yōu)質文檔-傾情為你奉上2019年高考英語語法專題考點梳理與練習定語從句一、考點梳理。1.考查which/who(m)引導的非限制性定語從句which引導非限制性定語從句，用以指代整個主句的內容，或主句中某個詞或短語的內容。 【例】She brought with her three friends, none of I had ever met before. A. them B. who C. whom D. these【答案】C【例】 By serving others, a person focuses on someone other than himself or herself

2、,_can be very eye-opening and rewarding. A. who B.which C.what D.that【答案】B【解析】which在此引導非限制性定語從句，which在定語從句中作主語，表示前面所提到的情況?！纠?Chan's restaurant on Baker Street,_used to be poorly run, is now a successful business. A. that B.which C.who D. where【答案】B【解析】which used to be poorly run為非限制性定語從句，其中的whi

3、ch指代前面的Chan's restaurant。2.考查as引導的非限制性定語從句 as也可指代整個主句的內容，但不同于which的是，它引導的定語從句既可以位于主句的前面，也可以位于主句的后面。它的意思是“正如”，as在這些從句中作主語或賓語。 【例】_I explained on the phone, your request will be considered at the next meeting. A. When B.After C.As D. Since【答案】C【解析】as引導非限制性定語從句，其意為“正如”。句意：正如我在電話中解釋的那樣，你的要求將在下次會議上予以

4、考慮?！纠縚is often the case, we have worked out the production plan. A. Which B.When C.What D. As【答案】D【解析】引導非限制性定語從句且位于主句之前，用as引導。句意：總是這樣，我們已經制定出了生產計劃。3.考查由“介詞十關系代詞”引導的定語從句 “介詞十關系代詞”結構中的關系代詞主要是which或whom，不能是that;其中的介詞則要根據(jù)句子中的相關搭配來確定。 【例】 He was educated at the local high school, _he went on to Beijing

5、University. A. after which B.after that C.in which D.in that【答案】A4.考查由.of which引導的定語從句這類結構主要表示所屬關系、同位關系或整體與部分的關系。 (1) It is reported that two schools,_are being built in my hometown, will open next year. A. they both B.which both C.both of them D. both of which【答案】D【解析】both of which are being built

6、in my hometown為非限制性定語從句，其中的which指代前面的two schools。(2) We shouldn't spent our money testing so many people, most of_are healthy. A. that B.which C.what D. whom【答案】D【解析】由于先行詞為so many people，故關系代詞只能用whom，而不能用其他三個選項。其中的of表示整體與部分的關系，most of whom意為“他們當中的大多數(shù)”。5.考查由where，when，why引導的定語從句 關系副詞where，when，wh

7、y引導定語從句時，它們分別在從句中充當?shù)攸c狀語、時間狀語和原因狀語。 【例】Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity_sight matters more than hearing A. when B.whose C.which D. where【答案】D【例】The book was written in 1946, _the education system has witnessed great changes. A. when B.during which C.since then D. since

8、when【答案】D【解析】since when中的when指1946，since when指的是since 1946，即指“自1946年起”。注意不要誤選C，如果將C改為and since then，則可選C。6.考查whose引導的定語從句此時要注意三點：(1) whose引導的定語從句，其后應緊跟名詞，構成“whose+名詞”；(2) whose引導的定語從句，其先行詞不僅可以指人，還可以指物；(3) whose引導的定語從句指物時，可用of which代替whose，但詞序不同，即whose+名詞=the+名詞+of which。【例】Last month, part of Southe

9、ast Asia was struck by floods, from_effects the people are still suffering. A. that B.whose C.those D. what【答案】B【解析】whose引導的定語從句，表示所屬關系。此處whose effects指the floods effects.句意：上個月亞洲的東南部受到洪水的襲擊，現(xiàn)在人們仍然遭受其苦?！纠?George Orwell, _was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays. A. the real name B.wh

10、at his real name C. his real name D. whose real name【答案】D【解析】whose引導的定語從句，表示所屬關系。此處whose real name指George Orwells real name.7.考查分隔式定語從句 即所考查的定語從句與先行詞之間插有其他修飾語。做題時應撇開其中的修飾語，直接將先行詞與定語從句聯(lián)系起來。 【例】The film brought the hours back to me_I was taken good care of in that faraway village. A. until B.that C.wh

11、en D. where【答案】C【解析】先行詞是the hours，back to me是插入先行詞與定語從句之間的干擾成分?！纠?It was an exciting moment for these football fans this year,_for the first time in years their team won the World Cup. A. that B.while C.which D.when【答案】D【解析】定語從句修飾的先行詞是an exciting moment。其在定語從句中作時間狀語，故用when。8.考查關系詞省略的限制性定語從句 能被省略的關系

12、代詞主要是用作賓語的that，which，whom，who等，且只限于限制性定語從句中。另外，the way后接定語從句修飾時，也可省略關系代詞。 【例】-Why does she always ask you for help? -There is no one else_,is there? A. who to turn to . B.she can tum to C. for whom to turn D. for her to turn【答案】B【例】 What surprised me was not what he said but_he said it. A. the way B

13、. in the way that C. in the way D. the way which【答案】A【解析】考查the way后接定語從句的用法。the way后接定語從句有三種用法：用in which引導；用that引導；省略關系詞。此題屬于第三種用法。9.考查定語從句與其他知識點的綜合運用【例】 He is the only one of the students who_a winner of scholarship for three years. A. is B.are C.have been D. has been【答案】D【解析】此題形式上好像只是考查主謂一致和時態(tài)的運用，

14、實際上關鍵是確定先行詞。代詞one前是否有定冠詞決定定語從句中的謂語動詞的單復數(shù)形式，one of the students中的先行詞是the students，定語從句的謂語動詞要用復數(shù)形式；但此處the only one of the students中的先行詞是the only one，所以定語從句中的謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。而且句中因為有狀語for three years，要用現(xiàn)在完成時，所以綜合判斷后答案是D?！纠?Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, _I will always tr

15、easure. A. that B.one C.it D. what【答案】B二、要點點撥在復合句中修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句，被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞，引導定語從句的詞叫關系代詞或關系副詞，關系代詞有that, which, who, whom, whose, as，關系副詞有when, where, why。一、關系詞的基本用法who 指人，在從句中作主語、賓語或表語關系代詞whom 指人，在從句中作賓語whose 指人或物，在從句中作定語that 指人或物，在從句中作主語、賓語或表語which 指物，在從句中作主語或賓語關系副詞as 指人、物，在從句中作主語、賓語或表語when 指

16、時間，在從句中作時間狀語where 指地點，在從句中作地點狀語why 指原因，在從句中作原因狀語（1）The man (whom /who/that) my mother saw in the street is my teacher.（2）The book which/ that tells us about the earth is interesting.（3）She lives in a house whose windows faces south.（4）Do you know the boy whose father is an English teacher?（5）I have

17、never heard such stories as he tells.（6）Ill never forget the day when /on which I joined the army.（7）I wont forget the factory where / in which my father worked.（8）Tell me the reason why you came late.二、必須用“that”引導的定語從句1、當先行詞是不定代詞all，little, few, much, anything , everything, none, nothing, no one, s

18、ome等時。He did everything that he could to help us.2、先行詞被all, every, no , some, any , little, much, the only, the very, the right, last , few , just 等修飾時。The only thing that we can do is to give you some advice.3、先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾時，或先行詞本身就是序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級時。This is the most interesting film that Ive ever see

19、n.4、當先行時前有such 或the same修飾時，先行詞和關系代詞指同一物時。She is wearing the same dress that she wore yesterday.5、先行詞既有人又有物時，Later they talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school.6、當主句是以who或which開始時的特殊疑問句時，Who is the boy that won the gold medal?7、在同一個句子里，若有兩個定語從句，其中一個關系詞已用了which， 另一個宜用that.Edis

20、on built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.8、當關系代詞在從句中作表語時。（只限于限制性定語從句中）China is no longer the country that it used to be.9、當先行詞是集體名詞時，多用that，He wants to join the team that won the game.10、that在有些句型中可作為關系副詞，且可省略。I dont like the way (that) he talks to me.三、只用which不用th

21、at時情況1、引導非限制性定語從句時：Bruce went toward the fire, which was still smoking.2、先行詞在從句中作介詞的賓語且介詞前置。This is the house in which Lu Xun lived.3、先行詞本身是that時：Whats that which flashed in the sky just now?4、先行詞后有插入語時，Here is the English grammar book which, as Ive told you, will help improve your English.5、which 用

22、作表語，指人時，一般指從事某種職業(yè)或是有某種特性、品質或才能的人。He is an engineer, which I am not。關系代as：在限制性定語從句中用在such, the same, as, so之后，as引導的定語從句常采用省略形式。I have the same book as you（have）.Take as many as you want.Here is so big a stone as no man can lift.This is such a book as was given to me.四、關系代詞的省略情況1、關系代在從句中作賓語時。Have you

23、received the book (that) I sent you last week?2、關系代詞在從句中作表語時。Mary is no longer the girl (that) she used to be.3、關系代詞在從句中作介詞的賓語，而這個介詞又在句末時。This is the artist (whom) I spoke to you about.注意：關系代詞的省略是指在限制性定語從句中，在非限制性定語從句中，關系代詞不能省略。五、帶介詞的定語從句1、固定詞組，介詞置于后，關系代詞使用靈活。This is the child (whom / who/ that) she

24、is looking after.2、非固定詞組，介詞位置靈活，關系代詞使用嚴格。The man (whom/ who/ that) I spoke to is a friend of mine.The man to whom I spoke is a friend of mine.3、介詞詞組（關系代詞遠離先行詞）In front of, on top of ,at the foot of, with the help of, as a result of.We stand in a building in front of which stands a lab.We arrived at

25、a hill, on top of which stood a tower.4、代詞/數(shù)詞+of +關系代詞He has written many books, most of which are for children.We have many students, two of whom have won prizes of international competitions.5、介詞+關系代詞+代詞/數(shù)詞：He has written many books, of which most are in Chinese.6、介詞+whose 修飾后面的名詞：He is the very m

26、an in whose pocket I found my lost money.六、限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別限制性定語從句對先行詞起限制確定作用。如果沒有它，主句的意思就不完整，這種定語從句和主句的關系十分密切，不可用逗號隔開，在口語中前后沒有停頓。He is the man whose father died last week.That is the reason why I didnt open the door.非限制性定語從句與主句的關系不十分密切，只是對先行詞起描述或補充說明的作用，省略后也不影響全句的意思，非限制性定語從句可以修飾名詞、代詞、短語、主句的一部分或全

27、句，它和主句之間常用逗號隔開，朗讀時前后有停頓。I live in Beijing where my parents worked ten years ago.His sister, who works in WuHan, is coming to see him tomorrow.七、as 引導非限制性定語從句與which 的區(qū)別1、用于非限制性定語從句時，可以指代整個主句的內容，as 和which 可以換用。He left her, as/ which was strange.2、as 引導非限制性定語從句，指代整個主句的內容，從句可置于句首，句中和句尾。As everyone knows

28、, Tom is good at English.The earth, as we know, moves round the sun.3、非限制性定語從句中謂語為被動時，常用as 作主語。as is said/ known/ announced/ reported/ mentioned/ expected/ disused等。As is known to all, Taiwan is part of China.4、as引導非限制性定語從句，有“正如”的含義，因此，下列句式中多用as:as has been said aboveas anybody can seeas we had expe

29、ctedas (it) appearsThings are not always as they appear.5、which 引導非限制定語從句，指代整個主句的內容，從句只能置于句尾。The decision was postponed, which was exactly what he wanted.6、which 引導非限制性定語從句，指代主句中的一個詞（先行詞）從句置于先行詞后，可在句中或句尾。The football match, which I watched yesterday, is very interesting.7、which 引導非限制性定語從句，指代整個主句的內容，

30、從句的謂語帶有賓語，有的還帶賓語補足語。After that things improved, which astonished me.Water changes into steam, which is known to be a physical change.8、which 引導非限制性定語從句，指代整個主句的內容，從句意思可與主句相反，即從句為否定式或帶否定前綴的形容詞。He can write a letter in English, which I cannot.He was married again, which was unexpected.八、定語從句運用中的注意點1、是用

31、the one還是用that , which, where.（1）Is this school _ you study in?（2）Is this the school _ you study in?（3）Is this the school _ you study?（4）Is this school _ is a senior one?A. that/whichB. whereC. the oneD. the one where E. the one that / which 遇到這類句子，先將其變成肯定句，再看主句是否缺少表語。若缺表語，則必須用the one的形式，接著再看the one

32、在從句中作什么成分，若作狀語，則必須用the one where，若作主語或賓語時，則用the one (that/ which)2、是用when還是用that, which （1）May 1 is the day _ we spent together.（2）May 1 is the day _i joined the army.A. that/ whichB. when當先行詞是表示時間的名詞時，作時間狀語時，用when, 若作主語或賓語時，就用that/ which.3、定語從句與強調結構的區(qū)別（1）It was in this house _ he was born.（2）It was

33、 this house _ he was born.（3）It was in the house _ he used to live that the exhibition was held.A. whereB. thatC. whichD. there判斷是否是強調結構的方法是去掉it is /was that, 若整個句子結構和意義不受影響，則為強調結構，否則為定語從句。4、定語從句與其他從句的區(qū)別（1）定語從句與地點狀語從句的區(qū)別是看有無表示地點的名詞作先行詞，有則是定語從句，試比較：You should leave the toy where you can find. I still

34、 remember the bus stop where / at which I met you.（2）定語從句與結果狀語從句的區(qū)別是看從句的邊接詞是否在從句中作成分，作成分的是定語從句；若連接詞在句中不作成分時，則為結果狀語從句。試比較：He is such a kind person as everybody likes. He is such a kind person that everybody likes him.（3）定語從句與同位語從句的區(qū)別主要是看連接詞是否在從句中作成分，作成分的是定語從句，不作成分而只是表示前面名詞的具體內容的則是同位語從句。試比較：The news t

35、hat he had been back surprised us all. The mews (that) he told us surprised us all.5、way 后面的定語從句（用that/ in which 或省略）：Please tell me the way (that/ in which) you did the job.【即時鞏固】1The results of the experiment proved to be very good, _ was more than we expected. A. which            B. what         C. that &