廣州中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)博士口語試題及答案2019

1、 Questions for PhD students (2019)1. Should a country give free medical care to its citizens? Free medical care is a beautiful wish of people, which depends on the level of development of a country, but since medical resources in most countries are generally scarce, it is difficult to achieve truly

2、free medical care.2. Would you check your DNA to find a fatal incurable disease?Everybody dies，Since I will suffer from incurable diseases, knowing that the condition cannot change anything, it is better to live ignorantly.3. Why are people given vaccinations? How do vaccinations work?It is the safe

3、st and most effective way of giving protection against many diseases. After given vaccination, people are less likely to catch diseases if there are many cases around them.When a person is vaccinated, their body produces an immune response in the same way their body would after exposure to a disease

4、, but without the person suffering symptoms of the disease. When a person comes in contact with that disease in the future, their immune system will respond fast enough to prevent the person developing the disease.4. Please describe some types of pollution and how they affect the body.Common polluti

5、ons include air pollution, water pollution, land pollution, light pollution, etc.Air pollution can directly cause diseases of the respiratory tract and trachea.Land and water pollution can endanger human health through the food chain.Light pollution can cause vision damage, affect sleep quality, and

6、 more.5. What are some differences between Western medicine and Traditional Chinese medicine?TCM and western medicine, the two systems differ in many ways.western medicine prides itself on using scientific methodology.TCM is largely evidence-based.Western doctors examine bodily fluids and tissues, a

7、nd they use high-tech instruments to produce visual maps of the internal organs. TCM assesses illness with different kinds of measurements, namely “l(fā)ooking”, ”listening and smelling”, “asking” and “touching”. western medicine frequently attributes sickness to the intrusion of a foreign element such

8、as bacteria, viruses, or cancer cells, while TCM often views illness an imbalance between the various bodily systems.6. Do you believe that people who spend too much time on the internet is unhealthy?Yes,I believe.Surfing on the Internet too much will do harm to our health,especially to our eyes.Peo

9、ple sitting in front of a computer for a long time can cause health problems such as obesity, fatigue, and vision loss.7. Do you think cell phones give radiation that can cause health problems?I don't think so, at least for the moment there is no strong evidence shows that cell phone radiation i

10、s a serious danger to human health.8. How many hours should a person sleep on average every night? What time should a person go to sleep and rise?The scientists believe that adults sleep best for 8 hours a day.According to personal biological clocks, some people are used to sleeping early and gettin

11、g up early, but some people are used to sleeping late and getting up late.A few hours difference is also possible,but if the day and night are reversed, it is harmful to our health.9. What organs are affected by smoking and which diseases can be caused?The chemical in tobacco smoke harm our blood ce

12、lls and damage the function of our heart、lungs、eyes.It can harm nearly every organ of body. Smoking increases our risk for atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease (CHD), heart attack, stroke. Smoking cigarette is the number one risk factor for lung cancer, and is known to cause: bladder cancer, bloo

13、d and bone marrow cancer, mouth, nose, and throat cancer, stomach cancer and so on.10. What organs are affected by drinking alcohol and which diseases can be caused?The alcohol can harm nearly every organ of the body such as brain, heart, liver, pancreas, stomach, and so on.Long-term heavy drinking

14、weakens the heart muscle, causing a condition called alcoholic cardiomyopathy.Chronic heavy drinking can cause fat to build up in the liver. This condition called fatty liver, is the earliest stage of alcoholic liver disease and the most common alcohol-induced liver disorder. The excessive fat makes

15、 it more difficult for the liver to operate and leaves it open to developing dangerous inflammations, like alcoholic hepatitis. It may also cause disease of pancreas like acute pancreatitis.11. Do you believe modern lifestyles and technologies are leading to healthier people? Why or why not?The mode

16、rn lifestyle is characterized by fast-paced, low exercise, excessive stress, and excess nutrition. The evolution of the human body cannot keep up with changes in lifestyle and will inevitably cause mental and physical health problems, such as insomnia, obesity, depression and anxiety.Modern technolo

17、gy can extend human life.12. Please describe one of the bodys systems and the function(s) it performs.The digestive system breaks down and absorbs food into the body.It supplies the energy that the body needs for growth and repair.After digestion, excess food is turned into waste and eliminated from

18、 the body.13. Which do you believe is more effective, Chinese medicine or Western medicine?Both Chinese medicine and Western medicine have their uses and have been helpful to many people in one way or another. Chinese medicine more of a preventive medicine and deals more with root causes of the prob

19、lem instead of symptoms. While western medicine focus on some local lesions, and relies on drugs, surgery and radiation to cure them.we choose western medicine for infections or acute symptoms while Chinese medicine may be better in some chronic diseases.14. Do you think food is an important factor

20、in keeping healthy? Why or why not?As the saying goes, “illness finds its way in / by the mouth.”Eating too much can cause obesity, partial eclipse can cause malnutrition, eating contaminated food can cause poisoning or cancer, etc.To get all the nutrition the human body needs, we should eat a balan

21、ced diet including fruits, vegetables, grains, protein and so on. By eating a balanced diet, well have a healthy body and a functional immune system.15. What are the differences between an acute and chronic disease?First of all, an acute disease lasts for just a short time, but can begin rapidly and

22、 have intense symptoms.In contrast, a chronic disease produces symptoms for quite some time, lasting for three months or more. Then, both an acute disease and chronic disease can be mild, severe, or fatal. However, a chronic disease is likely to develop overtime while an acute disease often has a su

23、dden onset. 16.What is a better way to feed a baby, breastfeeding or using baby formula?Health experts agree that breastfeeding is the healthiest option for both mom and baby.Breast milk naturally has all the nutrients babies need to grow and develop.Breast milk has antibodies that can help prevent

24、your baby from getting sick.Breastfeeding is also more convenient.17. Do you think acupuncture is an effective method for anaesthesia? YES,I do.Accumulated evidences from clinical trials and updated reviews suggest that Acupuncture anaesthesia is safe,economical and effective.But its related mechani

25、sm is not clear.Perioperative acupuncture reduces not only the consumption of anaesthetics and analgesics, but also anaesthesia-related complications, and protects organs in the perioperative period. 18. What is the correct and healthy way to lose weight?The common sense advice is “eat less, move mo

26、re”. There are a few tips:1. Eat a healthy breakfast every morning. 2.Avoid eating anything 3 hours before sleeping. 3.Avoid chocolate, cake, potato chips, ice cream, or dizzy drinks. 4.Eat plenty of fruit and vegetables, especially if you feel like snacking or for dessert. 5. Drink plenty of water.

27、 6. Sleep at least 8 hours a night. This will boost your metabolism. 7. Dont forget about doing exercise at least 30min a day.19. What eating or exercise habits do you feel are good for heart health?First, control your portion size. How much you eat is just as important as what you eat. Second, eat

28、more vegetables and fruits which are good sources of vitamins and mineral. Third, limit unhealthy fats and cholesterol.A good goal for many people is work up to exercising 5 times a week for 30 to 60 minutes at a time. Third, select whole grains which are good sources of fiber and other nutrients th

29、at play a role in regulating blood pressure and heart health. 20. Do you feel it should be illegal to smoke in public places?Yes, I do believe it should be illegal to smoke in public places. People shouldnt have the right to smoke wherever they want. First of all, it will reduce the risk of heart at

30、tacks and other diseases.Whats more, it will help public places be less toxic and we wont have to deal with air pollution. Finally, it could also help some people quit smoking.21. Do you think there should be high taxes on cigarettes to help pay for health costs for people with lung problems?Yes, I

31、think so. a large number of lung cancer and smoking cigarettes cause very close relationship. And many lung diseases are caused by cigarettes, So in my opinion, high taxes on cigarettes may lead to a decrease in smoking rates, which will reduce the lung problem.22. What are the reasons for people to

32、 avoid or protect themselves from direct sunlight?There are two reasons: for beauty and for health. In Asia, most women think white skin is a sign of beauty, so they protect themselves from direct sunlight to avoid to become dark. Another reason is that sunlight contains ultraviolent light that can

33、have deleterious effect on human skin. which can accumulate to produce skin cancers.Aside from skin aging these energetic light waves produce mutations in the DNA of skin cells which can accumulate to produce skin cancers.23. Who do you feel holds the responsibility of caring for the elderly?I belie

34、ve that adult children should take care of their elderly parents as necessary.While it is not a legal obligation, it is a moral obligation.Since parents were responsible for their childrens care, there is moral obligation for those children to take care of their parents when they become elderly. And

35、 the government should services available to them, too.24. Do you feel that doctor assisted suicide is moral or immoral and why?I think it is moral in some way.Even without the help of a doctor, people who really want to commit suicide will still kill themselves in some way. When such people beg for

36、 a merciful end to their pain and indignity, it is cruel and inhumane to refuse their pleas we ourselves have an obligation to relieve the suffering of our fellow human beings and to respect their dignity.25. Should embryos be screened for genetic diseases?I suppose embryos be screened for genetic d

37、iseases is a good thing.the technology of screening embryos can indeed help humans to promote good prenatal and postnatal care, especially for people with hereditary diseases. Screening embryos can avoid the continuation of genetic diseases, reduce the risk of disease in offspring, and enable people

38、 to have a healthy body after birth. 26. Why do you feel that women live longer than men on average?I think that one important reason is women develop the lethal disease such as cardiovascular disease, like heart attack and stroke usually in their 70s and 80s, about 10 years later than men who devel

39、op them in their 50s and 60s.Men like smoking and drinking, these habits are bad for the body.And perhaps men tend not to deal with their stress as well as women.27. What do you think is the healthiest way to cook food?The healthiest way to cook is one that locks in flavor and retains valuable nutri

40、ents.The key is to avoid overcooking your food, so that it retains as much natural flavor and nutrient content as possible. Steaming is a healthful method of cooking. Grilling, is one of the tastiest ways to cook a healthful meal, which makes added fat unnecessary and helps to keep calories low. 28. Do you think it is better for women to give birth n