必修三Module12知識(shí)點(diǎn)教師版

1、單元知識(shí)梳理Module1重點(diǎn)詞匯及拓展1prep.橫過；穿過2vt.面向；面對(duì)3n山脈4n象征；符號(hào)5n特點(diǎn)6adj.坐落(某處)的；位于(某處)的n情境7adj.位于 n位置8n建筑師n建筑學(xué)9n文明vt.使文明adj.文明的；國(guó)家的10adj.古代的 adj.現(xiàn)代的11prep.在對(duì)面vt.反對(duì)12vt.簽署n簽名13n協(xié)議；契約n分歧14vt.統(tǒng)治；治理n政府15n代表vt.代表重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)1because因?yàn)?；由?be known作為而出名/聞名3ever 自從一直4 the coast 離海岸不遠(yuǎn)(的海上) 5have. common (with.) 與有共同點(diǎn)6in of 據(jù)；依照

2、 7 the other hand 另一方面；反過來說8littlelittle 一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)地；逐漸地9belong屬于經(jīng)典句式1完全倒裝句 Between France and Spain is another mountain rangethe Pyrenees. 2ever since自從以來 Their work has influenced other writers ever since .3倍數(shù)as.as The expanded European Union has a population of more than half a billion people，twice as b

3、ig asthe population of the United States. Module2重點(diǎn)詞匯及拓展1_ n收入2_ vt.測(cè)定；測(cè)量；評(píng)估3_n目標(biāo)4_ n位置5_n數(shù)字6_ n交換7_ n饑餓_ adj.饑餓的8_ n貧窮_ adj.貧窮的9_ n發(fā)展_ v發(fā)展_ adj.發(fā)展中的_ adj.發(fā)達(dá)的10_ vt.教育；培養(yǎng)；訓(xùn)練_n教育11_ adj.擁擠的_ n人群 vt.圍攏12_n類似；相似_adj.相似的_ adv.相似地13_ adj.不幸的；遺憾的_ adj.幸運(yùn)的_ n運(yùn)氣；財(cái)富14_ adj.受到污染的_ vt.污染_ n污染15_ n娛樂_ vt.使娛樂；款待

4、重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)1up _達(dá)到；直到；到為止2_ progress 取得進(jìn)步3_ the top of 在頂端4_ the bottom of 在底部5make _努力6be connected _與有聯(lián)系；與有關(guān)7make comparisons _對(duì)進(jìn)行比較8be close _接近；靠近9increase._ (以幅度)增加經(jīng)典句式1完全倒裝From this agreement came the Human Development Report. 2while表示對(duì)比轉(zhuǎn)折，意思是：然而Norway is at the top of the list，while the US is at num

5、ber 7 3because引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句This is because living with a foreign family for one or two weeks means that you have to speak their language，and as a result you improve fast. 一、重點(diǎn)單詞 1. facevt. 面向；面對(duì) n.面孔Your face is firm and young-looking.(2012·高考，閱讀E) 你的面孔細(xì)膩緊致，看起來很年輕。歸納拓展(1)_面對(duì)著face the music由于自己的決定

6、或行動(dòng)而接受批評(píng)、承擔(dān)后果等(2)_面對(duì)面save/lose face 挽回/丟面子make a face 做鬼臉【鏈接訓(xùn)練】The building_the big river is likely to be destroyed by the flood. 面向著大河的這座大樓有可能被洪水沖毀。His ambition was to meet his favourite pop star _他一心向往的是要面對(duì)面地見見他最喜歡的流行歌星。注意：(1)be faced withbe confronted with，側(cè)重指“面對(duì)著”這種狀態(tài)，而face sb/sth側(cè)重動(dòng)作；(2)facetof

7、ace與face to face的區(qū)別在于：前者通常只能作前置定語(yǔ)，后者可以作狀語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。2.opposite prep.在對(duì)面/對(duì)過n. 對(duì)立面；對(duì)立物adj.相對(duì)的，對(duì)立的，對(duì)面的adv.在對(duì)面，在對(duì)過I had mistakenly boarded a bus that was taking me in the opposite direction. (2012·高考，完形) 我錯(cuò)上了開往相反方向的公交車。歸納拓展be opposite(to)sb/sth_ just the opposite_ The man sitting _looked very familiar. 坐在

8、我們對(duì)面的人看上去很面熟。The library is on the opposite side of the road from our school.圖書館在學(xué)校門前的馬路對(duì)面。3.position n.地點(diǎn)，位置，所在地；姿勢(shì)，姿態(tài)；地位；位次；立場(chǎng)，處境；職位 The UK is in the thirteenth ,while China is in the middle of the list. 英國(guó)處于第十三的位置，而中國(guó)則在名單的中間。 (回歸課本P12)觀察思考 Where would be the best position of the lights?這些燈在什么位置最好

9、？ The chairs are all out of position. 椅子全都放得不是地方。 She got a position as an interpreter in the company.她獲得了在那家公司當(dāng)翻譯的工作。歸納拓展out of/in position不在/在適當(dāng)位置get a position獲得某職位take up a position 占據(jù)位置；就位in a good position情況好hold a position 擔(dān)任職務(wù)shift ones position改變立場(chǎng)【鏈接訓(xùn)練】Sales director is a position _ commun

10、ication ability is just as important as sales. (2012·重慶卷，29) Awhich Bthat Cwhen Dwhere 答案D 4. across prep. & adv.橫過；穿過；橫跨；橫穿；從一邊到另一邊；在對(duì)面He also had to fight his way across deserts, through jungles and over mountains. (2012 · 上海卷，閱讀A) 他也不得不跨過沙漠，穿過叢林，翻山越嶺地去尋找他的路。【輕巧辨析】across/through/over

11、/past (1)across表示動(dòng)作是在某一物體的表面進(jìn)行的。(2)through則表示動(dòng)作是在某一空間內(nèi)部進(jìn)行的。(3)over指從上方跨越而過。(4)past指從某物旁邊經(jīng)過?！炬溄佑?xùn)練】The Great Wall winds its way from west to east，_the deserts，_ the mountains，_ the valleys，till at last it reaches the sea. 長(zhǎng)城從西向東，跨過沙漠，越過高山，穿過深谷，蜿蜒而行，最后直達(dá)海邊。Do you think this shirt is too tight_the shoul

12、ders？ (2012·北京卷，34) Aat Bon Cto Dacross 答案D 5.measure v測(cè)定；測(cè)量；評(píng)估；考慮n.尺寸；大小；度量單位；措施Each of his ears measured approximately 11.5 inches long. (2012·浙江卷，閱讀B) 經(jīng)測(cè)量，他的耳朵每個(gè)都大約有11.5英寸長(zhǎng)。歸納拓展(1)make clothes _ one's measure為某人量體裁衣(2)take measures(to do sth)_ adopt/take measures (to do sth.)采取措施(做某

13、事）measure the length/width/height of.測(cè)量的長(zhǎng)/寬/高注意：(1)measure表示“措施”時(shí)，常用其復(fù)數(shù)形式measures。(2)measure表示“測(cè)定；測(cè)量；評(píng)估”時(shí)，是及物動(dòng)詞，后直接加名詞作賓語(yǔ)。(3)measure表示“量；有長(zhǎng)(寬、高)等”時(shí)，是不及物動(dòng)詞，后跟量的結(jié)果，不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)及進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。作定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，要用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。【鏈接訓(xùn)練】I would rather have my clothes made _than buy those which are readymade. 我寧愿讓人根據(jù)我自己的尺寸定制衣服也不愿意買現(xiàn)成的。The

14、bridge _as long as 200 metres needs repairing. 長(zhǎng)達(dá)200米的那座橋需要修理了。The clotheasily ifon a table.A.measures;spreading B.measures;spread C.will be measured;spreadD.has been measured;spread 解析 由句子的意思“如果把布鋪到桌子上，就容易測(cè)量了。”知measure應(yīng)為不及物動(dòng)詞，而spread為及物動(dòng)詞,且過去式、過去分詞和原形一致，和cloth構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系。B欣賞滿分作文之佳句 aThere are five measu

15、res that need to be taken before you can get the most out of a team. (2011·浙江卷) bIt's necessary to take some measures to solve the problem between you and your mother. (陜西卷) cWhat we should do is that we must take action to solve the problems. (安徽卷) dThis is one of many steps we are taking

16、to make our country an even cleaner place. (安徽卷) 二、重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)1.in terms of 據(jù)；依照；就來說；從角度 This increase in the number of adolescents might be a contributing factor to the increase in adolescent peer culture in terms of growth in size.(2012·上海卷，Section D) 就青少年一代文化的發(fā)展規(guī)模來說，青少年人口的增長(zhǎng)也許是一個(gè)推動(dòng)因素。In terms of mo

17、ney，I was better off in my last job. 就掙錢而言，我上一份工作掙得更多。He is talking in terms of starting a completely new career.他正在談?wù)撻_創(chuàng)全新的事業(yè)。歸納拓展in the long/short term長(zhǎng)/短期be _ good/friendly/bad，etc，terms(with sb) (與某人)關(guān)系好/密切/不好等_(與某人)達(dá)成協(xié)議；妥協(xié)【鏈接訓(xùn)練】_，the plan is practical. 從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來看，這個(gè)計(jì)劃是切實(shí)可行的。We _our neighbours. 我們與鄰居和

18、睦相處。Shylock thinks of everything _ money. Ain view of Bin terms of Cin term of Din views of 解析：句意：“Shylock從錢的角度考慮一切?！笨疾榱?xí)語(yǔ)in terms of.“從角度”，“就而論”。 答案：B2.up to達(dá)到；直到；到為止；高達(dá)(程度)；由決定；忙于 make sure that all children have education the age of 11 確保所有的孩子都能接受教育一直到11歲(回歸課本P12) 觀察思考 The tent can hold up to ten

19、men. 這個(gè)帳篷可以睡10個(gè)人。 My German isnt up to translating that letter.我的德語(yǔ)達(dá)不到能翻譯那封信的程度。 What in the world are you up to? Stop it at once.你到底在搞什么鬼？還不快住手。歸納拓展up to是介詞短語(yǔ)，用于表示地點(diǎn)、數(shù)量、程度、時(shí)間等的詞前。be up to打算做/正做(某種不好的事)be up to sth.從事于；勝任Its up to sb.to do.應(yīng)由某人做Its up to you.由你來決定?！炬溄佑?xùn)練】 (1)This kind of car can trav

20、el (速度達(dá)每小時(shí)200公里).(2)I have never heard from her(直到現(xiàn)在).(3)As for the job,（他勝任這份工作）.(4)What (你在忙什么)？3.make an effort努力The report shows that we are making some progress but that we need to . 這個(gè)報(bào)告表明我們正在取得一些進(jìn)步，但是我 們需要做出更大的努力。 (回歸課本P12) 觀察思考The local clubs are making every effort to interest more young pe

21、ople.地方俱樂部正在盡一切努力來吸引更多的年輕人。We should spare no effort to beautify our environment.我們應(yīng)該不遺余力地美化我們的環(huán)境。Every effort is being made to deal with the issues you raised at the last meeting.正在盡一切努力處理你在上次會(huì)議上提出的問題。歸納拓展put effort into在上努力through ones effort通過某人的努力make every effort盡一切努力spare no effort不遺余力make an

22、effort to do/at sth.盡力做某事注意： effort作“努力”講時(shí)，為不可數(shù)名詞；作“費(fèi)力的事情,花精力的事情”講時(shí)是可數(shù)名詞。They have put a lot of effort into their garden this summer.這個(gè)夏天，他們對(duì)他們的花園傾注了不少心血。It was a real effort to stay awake in the lecture.在講座過程中不打瞌睡，真得費(fèi)很大的勁?！炬溄佑?xùn)練】 (1)I wouldno effort to fill it to your satisfaction. A.spare B.spend C

23、.have D.tend 解析 spare no effort 不遺余力,是固定搭配。(2)Great efforts must beto improve the living conditions here. A.taken B.made C.put D.through 解析 考查固定搭配make efforts to do.。三、重點(diǎn)句型1.Between France and Spain is another mountain rangethe Pyrenees.法國(guó)和西班牙之間是另一座山脈，即比利牛斯山脈。當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)放在句首時(shí)，所引導(dǎo)的句子應(yīng)用完全倒裝，即“地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+主語(yǔ)+其他”

24、。On her left sat her husband.她左邊坐著她丈夫。Beyond the river lives an old fisherman.有個(gè)老漁夫住在河的對(duì)岸?！局R(shí)整合】所謂完全倒裝，就是將謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞置于主語(yǔ)前。完全倒裝一般具有以下兩個(gè)條件：(1)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是單個(gè)(即不帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞或be動(dòng)詞)的不及物動(dòng)詞，且只限于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過去時(shí)；(2)主語(yǔ)只能是名詞。完全倒裝一般有以下四種情況：以here等副詞開頭引出的完全倒裝。在描述情景時(shí)，為了使景象更生動(dòng)，有時(shí)把here，there，now，then，out，in，up，down，off，away等方向性副詞位于句子開頭時(shí)

25、,句子用完全倒裝。Here comes the bus.汽車來了。There goes the bell.鈴響了。以表語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)開頭引出的完全倒裝。有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)，或者為了使句子平衡,或者為了使上下文連接得更加緊密，就將表語(yǔ)和地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)(多為介詞短語(yǔ))置于句首,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也常置于主語(yǔ)前，構(gòu)成完全倒裝。Among the people was a man named Brown.在這些人中有一個(gè)叫布朗的人。On the top of the hill stands an old temple.這個(gè)山頂上有一座古老的廟。there be結(jié)構(gòu)及其變體的完全倒裝There is a tall tree in

26、front of the house.這所房子前面有一棵大樹。注意：在there be結(jié)構(gòu)中，可以代替be的還有以下動(dòng)詞：live，lie，stand，appear，rise，remain，happen，come，go等。Once there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea. 從前，在海邊的一個(gè)村子里住著一位老漁夫。直接引語(yǔ)放在句首引起的完全倒裝。若直接引語(yǔ)的部分或全部放在句首，并且說話人是名詞時(shí)，將say或ask置于說話人前，構(gòu)成完全倒裝?！癆re you ready？” asked the teacher.“準(zhǔn)備好了沒有？”老師

27、問道?！癐t is unbelievable！” said Alfred Butts.“這真叫人難以置信！”阿爾弗雷德·布滋說道?！炬溄佑?xùn)練】In the dark forests _，some large enough to hold several English towns. Astand many lakes Blie many lakesCmany lakes lie Dmany lakes stand 解析：這是倒裝句，句子的主語(yǔ)是lakes。其語(yǔ)序是“介詞短語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ) (表語(yǔ))+主語(yǔ)(名詞)”。lie意為“位于”，句意：“在黑暗的樹林中有好幾個(gè)湖泊，有些大的足以容納好幾個(gè)

28、英國(guó)的城鎮(zhèn)”。答案：BAt the end of the trail,in which many kinds of pictures used to be published.A.was there a factoryB.a factory stoodC.stood a factoryD.a factory was there解析 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)位于句首且句子的主語(yǔ)是名詞,故句子用全部倒裝，即C正確。A項(xiàng)改為there was a factory就正確了。2.Italy is in the south of Europe on the coast of the Mediterranean Sea.意

29、大利在歐洲的南端，位于地中海沿岸。表示“某物在哪個(gè)方向”可用south/west/north/east等，構(gòu)成如下幾種表達(dá)方式：.is in the south of在的南部(在內(nèi)部) .is on the south of.在的南面/邊(強(qiáng)調(diào)兩者毗鄰，接壤) .is to the south of.在的南邊(在某一范圍以外的地方) Guangdong is in the south of China.廣東在中國(guó)的南部。Jiangsu is on the south of Shandong.江蘇在山東南面?！緶剀疤崾尽堪驯硎痉轿?、地點(diǎn)的介詞或副詞短語(yǔ)放在句首，句子用倒裝語(yǔ)序。In the so

30、uth/west/north/east of the city is the house. =South/West/North/East of the city is the house. 那幢房子是在城市的南方(西方、北方、東方)。【鏈接訓(xùn)練】_ of the Pacific Ocean _ Canada. AThe east；lies BEast；lies CTo the east；does lie DOn the east；does lie 解析：east of the Pacific Ocean同on the east of the Pacific Ocean，位于句首表示地點(diǎn)，用全部

31、倒裝，即lies提到主語(yǔ)Canada前。答案：B 3.The index has some surprises，Norway is at the top of the list，while the US is at number 7.這項(xiàng)指標(biāo)顯示了一些令人感到意外的情況，挪威高居榜首，而美國(guó)卻排在第七。while在此句中作并列連詞，意為“然而”，表示一種對(duì)比關(guān)系。(1)while可引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“當(dāng)時(shí)候”。(2)while可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“雖然，盡管”，一般放在句首，相當(dāng)于although?！纠?】I wonder how much you charge for your se

32、rvices.The first two are freethe third costs $30. （安徽高考） A.while B.until C.when D.before 解析 句意為:我想知道你的服務(wù)收費(fèi)多 少？前兩個(gè)是免費(fèi)的,但第三個(gè)收費(fèi)30美元。根據(jù)句意,“前兩個(gè)免費(fèi)”和“第三個(gè)收費(fèi)30美元”之間是前后對(duì)比關(guān)系。而until表示“直到時(shí)候”;when表示“當(dāng)時(shí)候”;before表示“在之前”，均不合題意。單元練習(xí)題【例1】 Hiking by oneself can be fun and good for health.It may also be good for _ build

33、ing. (2009·湖北，25) Arespect Bfriendship Creputation Dcharacter 【解題方法指導(dǎo)】 本題考查名詞詞義辨析。respect尊重；方面；friendship友誼；reputation名聲；character性格，品格。句意為：獨(dú)自遠(yuǎn)足可能是一件有趣的事，也是對(duì)健康有好處的事。它還有利于一個(gè)人品格的發(fā)展。build培養(yǎng)，發(fā)展(思想、品格等)。答案：D【例2】 It was _ he came back from Africa that year _ he met the girl he would like to marry. (2

34、009·江西，27) Awhen；then Bnot；until Cnot until；that Donly；when 【解題方法指導(dǎo)】 此題考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句。判斷其是否是強(qiáng)調(diào)句。方法很簡(jiǎn)單，去掉It is/was和that，如果句子結(jié)構(gòu)還完整，那么就是強(qiáng)調(diào)句；如果句子結(jié)構(gòu)不完整則不是強(qiáng)調(diào)句。從題干以及選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)可以判斷出此題是強(qiáng)調(diào)句，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是not.until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，再根據(jù)強(qiáng)調(diào)句的特點(diǎn)可以斷定此題應(yīng)該選C。答案：C【例3】 It is often _ that human beings are naturally equipped to speak. (2009·全

35、國(guó)，6) Asaid Bto say Csaying Dbeing said 【解題方法指導(dǎo)】 本題考查固定句式It is said that.，類似的還有It isreported that.，意為“據(jù)報(bào)道”。句意：經(jīng)常聽人說人類天生有說話的能力。It is said that.為固定句式，意為“據(jù)說”。 答案：A1_with a sudden job loss，would you consider it a failure，or an opportunity for a new start in your career? AFacing BFaced CTo face DFace 2The

36、 post office which is a landmark in our city is just _the street. Aover Bthrough Cacross Dopposite 3The leaders of the company are having a meeting to discuss where the new officebranch_ Ashould situate Bshould be situated Cshould be lied Dwas located 4In the agreement I saw his name_in larger lette

37、rs. Awritten Bwriting CSigned Dsigning 5This restaurant has become popular for its wide _of foods that suit all tastes and pockets.(2010·湖北卷) Adivision Barea Crange Dcircle 答案1.B2.D3.B4.C5.C 【例2】 Hearing the dog barking fiercely，away _.(2009·上海，28) Afleeing the thief Bwas fleeing the thief

38、 Cthe thief was fleeing Dfled the thief 【解題方法指導(dǎo)】 考查倒裝語(yǔ)序。注意away，in，out，down，up等置于句首時(shí)句子應(yīng)用全部倒裝形式。away置于句首時(shí)，句子應(yīng)用全部倒裝語(yǔ)序。A項(xiàng)不是完整的句子;B項(xiàng)倒裝語(yǔ)序不正確；C項(xiàng)是正常語(yǔ)序，此三項(xiàng)可排除。 答案：D1The present situation is very complex，so I think it will take me some time to _its reality. (2011·湖北卷，27) Amake up Bfigure out Clook throug

39、h Dput off 2I havent seen Sara since she was a little girl，and she has changedbeyond_ (2010·安徽卷，25) Ahearing Bstrength Crecognition Dmeasure 3The number of the students in the school has increased _10 percent and has got _5，000. Aby；by Bto；by Cby；to Dto；to 4The _you make，the _you will make. Amo

40、re efforts；more progress Bgreater progress；greater efforts Cmore efforts；more progresses Dmany more efforts；much progress 5Where and when the meeting is to be held _our headmaster. Adepend on Bis up to Crelies on Ddecides by 答案1.B2.C3.C4.A5.B 3.The tree is so tall.Yes.Itnearly 20 metres. A.measures

41、B.is measuredC.measure D.to be measured 解析 measure此處意為“測(cè)量,量起來”, 為不及物動(dòng)詞，后接量的結(jié)果不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)或進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。A4.When Iher,I realized that she was not Jane. A.got close with B.got close toC.closed to D.was close at 解析 get close to接近，靠近，為習(xí)慣搭配 短語(yǔ)。B7.At the top of the mountain,in which an old monk used to tell stories. A.

42、a temple stoodB.was there a temple C.stood a temple D.a temple was there 解析 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)前置，句子發(fā)生全部倒裝。C9.What do you want to do next?We will have half an hour before the basketball game begins.Whatever you want to do is fine with me. A. It just depends B.Its up to youC. All right D.Glad to hear that 解析 Its up to you.由你決定。It just depends.視情況而定。；All right.好吧！Glad to hear that.聽到這種情況我很高興。B1_volleyb