高中英語(yǔ) Unit10 Money單詞.典句.考點(diǎn) 北師大版必修4

1、【英語(yǔ)】北師大版 單詞典句考點(diǎn)（Unit 10Money）名師導(dǎo)航三點(diǎn)剖析單詞典句考點(diǎn)使有動(dòng)機(jī)，促使,激發(fā)【巧記提示】motive（n.動(dòng)機(jī)）去e+-ate（動(dòng)詞后綴）【經(jīng)典例句】He was motivated only by his wish to help me,and expected nothing in return.他僅僅是為了幫我，沒(méi)有期望得到回報(bào)。Examinations do not motivate a student to seek more knowledge.考試不能促使學(xué)生去追求更多的知識(shí)。Her suicide was motivated by desperat

2、ion.她自殺的誘因是自暴自棄。What motivated you to do such a thing?你做這事的動(dòng)機(jī)是什么?【考點(diǎn)聚焦】1)比較motivation和motive的區(qū)別：motivation只作名詞表示“動(dòng)機(jī)”；motive還可以用作形容詞，表示“發(fā)動(dòng)的；運(yùn)動(dòng)的”。2)motivate的過(guò)去分詞motivated可表示“出于某種動(dòng)機(jī)的；有積極性的”。如：The students are all highly motivated.學(xué)生們的學(xué)習(xí)積極性都很高。【活學(xué)活用】1.單項(xiàng)填空As far as I know,the positive and lively activit

3、ies_our students,who used to focus on just remembering knowledge,to use their knowledge freely.A.motivateB.motivatedC.have motivatedD.had motivated答案：C技術(shù),方法,技能,技巧【巧記提示】techni(c)（技術(shù))+-que（名詞后綴）【經(jīng)典例句】In many sports physical fitness is not as important as technique.在許多體育運(yùn)動(dòng)中,體能沒(méi)有技巧重要。He displayed a flaw

4、less technique in the competition.他在競(jìng)賽中顯示出了精湛的技藝。The technique is still at the experimental stage.這項(xiàng)技術(shù)正處于實(shí)驗(yàn)階段?！究键c(diǎn)聚焦】1)形容詞:technical技術(shù)（上）的；技能的名詞:technician技術(shù)員；技師2)technique作“（總稱(chēng)）技巧，技術(shù)”解時(shí)是不可數(shù)名詞；作“技術(shù)，方法，技能”解時(shí)是可數(shù)名詞。如：He is learning the technique of painting.他正在學(xué)習(xí)繪畫(huà)技巧。The technique holds great medical pr

5、omise.這項(xiàng)技術(shù)很有醫(yī)學(xué)前景?！净顚W(xué)活用】2.選詞填空 （technique,technician,technology,technical）1)He is now studying in a Federal Institute of_.2)My brother works as a_adviser.3)To learn something well does not necessarily mean that you ought to be a craftsman or a_.4)Painting is also a popular_practiced by many teenagers

6、.答案：1)Technology2)technical3)technician4)technique【巧記提示】percent（百分?jǐn)?shù)）+-age（名詞后綴，附于名詞或動(dòng)詞之后，表示“集合，數(shù)量”）【經(jīng)典例句】The figure is expressed as a percentage.這個(gè)數(shù)字是用百分率表示的。A small percentage of the workers are unskilled.少數(shù)工人是非熟練工。A large percentage of the crop has spoiled.大部分莊稼被毀?！究键c(diǎn)聚焦】1)對(duì)percentage提問(wèn)要用what（注意主謂一

7、致）。如：2)當(dāng)percentage與population這樣的集合名詞連用時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單、復(fù)數(shù)都可以?！净顚W(xué)活用】3.完成句子1)缺席的孩子占百分之多少？_ _ _ _was absent?2)中國(guó)有百分之多少的人口超重？_ _ _the population is overweight in China?答案：1)What percentage of children2)What percentage of完成，成就，功績(jī)【巧記提示】achieve(v.取得成就)+-ment(名詞后綴)【經(jīng)典例句】They are proud of their childrens achievement

8、s.他們?yōu)楹⒆觽內(nèi)〉玫某删透械津湴?。Such was Albert Einstein,a simple man of great achievements.阿爾伯特愛(ài)因斯坦就是這樣一個(gè)人，一個(gè)淳樸而又取得巨大成就的人?！究键c(diǎn)聚焦】1)achievement作名詞時(shí)還可表示“實(shí)現(xiàn)，成功”，如：It will give students a feeling of success and achievement.這會(huì)帶給學(xué)生成功感和成就感。2）achievement作“成就，功績(jī)”講時(shí)是可數(shù)名詞，因此須用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：The inventor was rewarded by the governme

9、nt for his scientific achievements.由于取得的科學(xué)成就，他受到了政府的嘉獎(jiǎng)。3)achieve vt.取得（勝利、成功等），實(shí)現(xiàn)（目標(biāo)、目的等）。如：Nothing would stop me from achieving my ambition.什么都不能阻止我實(shí)現(xiàn)我的抱負(fù)。Ive achieved only half of what I hoped to do.我的目標(biāo)只實(shí)現(xiàn)了一半。【活學(xué)活用】4.翻譯下列詞組1)光輝的成就_2)偉大的成就_3)outstanding achievements_4)scientific achievements_5)mak

10、e achievements_答案：1)a brilliant achievement2)great achievements3)杰出的成就4)科學(xué)成就5)取得成就【經(jīng)典例句】That word doesnt exist in English.英語(yǔ)中沒(méi)有這個(gè)單詞。Contradictions exist everywhere.矛盾無(wú)所不在。One cannot exist without air.沒(méi)有空氣人就不能生存?！究键c(diǎn)聚焦】1）同根詞：existencen.存在，生存，生活如：The tree owes its existence to soil.樹(shù)木依賴(lài)泥土生存。2）相關(guān)短語(yǔ)：brin

11、g into existence使產(chǎn)生come into existence出現(xiàn)，產(chǎn)生【活學(xué)活用】5.單項(xiàng)填空Without the sun,none of the living things on earth_.A.existedB.would existC.would have been existedD.exists答案：B【經(jīng)典例句】We defeated Class One in the volleyball match.我們?cè)谂徘虮荣愔袚魯×艘话唷ur hopes were defeated.我們的希望破滅了。【考點(diǎn)聚焦】1)defeat還可以用作名詞，意為“失敗”，同義詞：fa

12、ilure。The football team suffered a defeat.該足球隊(duì)被擊敗了。2）辨析defeat和win：兩者都有“打敗，戰(zhàn)勝”的含義，但defeat常用于敵我對(duì)抗的戰(zhàn)斗中打敗或戰(zhàn)勝對(duì)手，后面跟“sb.,team,school”之類(lèi)的參賽者，表示“擊敗某人或某個(gè)團(tuán)體”；而win所帶的賓語(yǔ)一般是“game,war,match,battle”之類(lèi)的詞，表示“贏(yíng)得某場(chǎng)比賽、某種獎(jiǎng)賞或某種東西”?！净顚W(xué)活用】6.單項(xiàng)填空They were_in the football match.A.hitB.struckC.attacked D.defeated答案：D【經(jīng)典例句】He

13、earned $30 000 a year by writing stories.他每靠寫(xiě)小說(shuō)有3萬(wàn)美元的收入。【考點(diǎn)聚焦】1)固定搭配：earn ones living=make a living意為“謀生，掙錢(qián)生活”。如：He earned a hard living carrying bricks up a ladder ten hours a day.他每天爬梯子運(yùn)磚十小時(shí)，來(lái)艱苦地謀生。2)辨析earn和get：He earned the prize through his hard work while I got nothing.他通過(guò)努力得了獎(jiǎng)，而我什么也沒(méi)得到。從這個(gè)句子可以

14、看出，get是一般意義上的“得到”，只講結(jié)果，不能顯示過(guò)程；而earn強(qiáng)調(diào)經(jīng)過(guò)努力、作貢獻(xiàn)等去贏(yíng)得、獲得，含有不容易得到的意思?！净顚W(xué)活用】7.單句改錯(cuò)Its the first time that I earned money,so I was quite excited._答案：earned前加have【經(jīng)典例句】He has determined to overcome difficulties in his study.他決心要克服學(xué)習(xí)中的困難。This determined him to act immediately.這使他下決心馬上采取行動(dòng)。 He has determined

15、to learn English.他已下決心學(xué)英語(yǔ)?！究键c(diǎn)聚焦】1)同根詞：determined adj.下定決心（做）的determination n.決心，決定determiner n.決定者2)辨析have/has determined to do和be determined to do：He has determined to go abroad.他已決心要出國(guó)。（強(qiáng)調(diào)行為的完成）He is determined to go abroad.他下定決心要出國(guó)。（表結(jié)果的心理狀態(tài)）【活學(xué)活用】8.單項(xiàng)填空They_on an early start.A.carried outB.given

16、C.determinedD.made答案：C【經(jīng)典例句】The problem of environmental pollution concerns people all over the world.環(huán)境污染問(wèn)題關(guān)系到全世界的人民。As far as I am concerned,you can do what you like.就我而言，你想干什么就干什么?！究键c(diǎn)聚焦】1）辨析concentrate和concern：concentrate on sth. 全神貫注于，為主動(dòng)形式be concerned about sth. 關(guān)心某事be concerned with sth. 與有關(guān)，涉

17、及2）同根詞：concerned adj.作“擔(dān)心的，憂(yōu)慮的，有關(guān)的，有牽連的，參與的，感興趣的等”解，注意在系表結(jié)構(gòu)中和介詞的搭配；concerning prep.關(guān)于 3）concern還可用作名詞，當(dāng)意為“擔(dān)憂(yōu)”時(shí)，為不可數(shù)名詞；意為“關(guān)注的事情”為可數(shù)名詞。【活學(xué)活用】9.單項(xiàng)填空_Im concerned,they have no way of keeping away from the danger.A.As long as B.As far asC.Just as D.Even if答案：A【巧記提示】a-(加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣)+ware(adj.知道的，意識(shí)到的)。【經(jīng)典例句】We we

18、re not aware of the fire.我們沒(méi)有意識(shí)到火。We were quite aware (of) how you would respond to our terms.我們十分清楚你們對(duì)我們提出的條件肯定會(huì)有什么反應(yīng)?！究键c(diǎn)聚焦】常用于be aware of/that。如：He doesnt seem to be aware of the coldness of their attitude towards his appeal.他好像沒(méi)有意識(shí)到大家對(duì)他的呼吁態(tài)度冷淡。The principal didnt seem to be aware that there shoul

19、d have been so much dispute about the decision.校長(zhǎng)好像沒(méi)有意識(shí)到這個(gè)決定竟會(huì)有這么多分歧。【活學(xué)活用】10.翻譯句子1）他注意到了危險(xiǎn)。_2）I was aware of what he was aiming at._答案：1）He became aware of the danger.2）我知道他在打什么主意。交易，便宜貨，討價(jià)還價(jià)【巧記提示】bar（阻止）+gain（獲得），阻止輕易獲得（物品）?！窘?jīng)典例句】At that low price the house is a real bargain,which is the great ach

20、ievement I made by bargaining with the seller for at least a week.這么低價(jià)位的房子真是便宜貨，這可是我和賣(mài)主至少一個(gè)星期討價(jià)還價(jià)的成就。If you bargain with them they might reduce the price.你講講價(jià),他們可能會(huì)把價(jià)錢(qián)降低。She bargained with the trader till he sold her the fruit cheaply.她和賣(mài)水果的人討價(jià)還價(jià)，直到他把水果便宜地賣(mài)給了她?！究键c(diǎn)聚焦】1)固定搭配： bargain/make a bargain wi

21、th sb.about/over/for sth.與某人就某事/某物討價(jià)還價(jià)2)常用句式： Thats/Its a bargain.我同意了，成交?！净顚W(xué)活用】11.單項(xiàng)填空$500,but that is my last offer.OK,it is a_.A.costB.priceC.bargainD.deal答案：C【巧記提示】cloth（布）+-ing（名詞后綴） 【經(jīng)典例句】You should pay more attention to your clothing.你應(yīng)該多注意一下你的著裝。He is a wolf in sheeps clothing.他是披著羊皮的狼。Our c

22、lothing protects us from the cold.衣服使我們免受寒冷?！究键c(diǎn)聚焦】辨析cloth，clothe,clothes和clothing：1）cloth為名詞，指“布，織物，布料”。2）clothe為動(dòng)詞，指“給穿衣，為提供衣服，覆蓋”。如：He has to work hard to feed and clothe his large family.他必須努力工作才能使一大家子人有飯吃，有衣穿。3）clothes為名詞，指“衣服，服裝，（總稱(chēng)）被褥，床上用品”；包括“上衣、褲子、內(nèi)衣”等。clothes是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，不能直接與數(shù)詞連用，后面要接復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞。如：The c

23、lothes of men are different from those of women.男女的衣著不同。4）clothing為名詞，指“（總稱(chēng)）衣服，被褥”，還包括“帽子、鞋、襪”等。clothing沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式，后面要跟單數(shù)動(dòng)詞?！耙患路币f(shuō)an article of clothing。打攪，使煩惱，使生氣、不高興，招惹【經(jīng)典例句】If you annoy the cat she will scratch you.要是你惹惱了貓，她會(huì)用爪子撓你。Our boss got a bit annoyed at the slow progress of the project.我們老板對(duì)

24、項(xiàng)目的緩慢進(jìn)展有點(diǎn)惱火。【考點(diǎn)聚焦】annoy的重要派生詞，包括名詞和形容詞形式：1)annoyance n.惱怒，煩惱，打擾，討厭的東西（或人）如：The teacher frowned with annoyance when a student fell asleep during his lesson.看到一個(gè)學(xué)生在課堂上睡著了，老師不快地皺起了眉頭。2)annoying adj.使人不高興的，惱人的如：It is annoying to be interrupted.被打斷總是讓人不舒服。3)annoyed adj.惱怒的，氣惱的【活學(xué)活用】12.單項(xiàng)填空Buying somethin

25、g and then finding it on sale the next day can be very_.A.annoyingB.appealingC.excitingD.interesting答案：A樂(lè)趣，娛樂(lè)活動(dòng)【巧記提示】amuse（vt.使愉快）+-ment（名詞后綴），參加娛樂(lè)活動(dòng)使人愉快?！窘?jīng)典例句】Big cities have many amusements.大城市有許多娛樂(lè)。Sports and games should not be treated only as amusements.體育運(yùn)動(dòng)不應(yīng)看成純粹是娛樂(lè)。His chief amusement is read

26、ing novels.他的主要消遣是看小說(shuō)。【考點(diǎn)聚焦】1)同根詞：amusing adj.引起樂(lè)趣的，逗人發(fā)笑的amuse v.使快樂(lè)同義詞：fun；entertainment2)amusement作“歡樂(lè)，快樂(lè)，發(fā)笑”解時(shí)是不可數(shù)名詞；作“消遣，娛樂(lè)活動(dòng)”解時(shí)是可數(shù)名詞。如：I find amusement in collecting stamps.我以集郵為樂(lè)。（不可數(shù)名詞）There are not many amusements in this city.這個(gè)城市的娛樂(lè)活動(dòng)不多。（可數(shù)名詞）呼吁，懇求；引起興趣，吸引【巧記提示】ap-(綴于p字母前，加重語(yǔ)氣)+peal(詞根，“發(fā)聲

27、，叫”)呼叫，呼吁，吸引。【經(jīng)典例句】An appeal is being made for help for those who lost their homes in the earthquake.人們正在呼吁為在地震中失去家園的人提供幫助。I appeal to your sense of justice.我呼吁你們拿出正義感。She appeals to me.我對(duì)她感興趣?！究键c(diǎn)聚焦】1)固定搭配:appeal for/to sb.to do sth.呼吁某人做某事appeal to sb.使喜歡，投合（心意、興趣）2)同根詞：appealing adj.令人歡喜的，吸引人的如：an

28、 appealing smile 迷人的微笑【活學(xué)活用】13.單項(xiàng)填空Can you give me some advice about the design？I think it should_to all ages and social groups.A.appearB.appealC.suitD.fit答案：B【巧記提示】con-（和，共同，聯(lián)合）+tain（=to hold,keep,maintain）【經(jīng)典例句】His paper contained no mistakes at all.他的論文里沒(méi)有錯(cuò)誤。The album contains many memorable song

29、s.這張唱片中包括許多值得收集的歌曲。The hall can contain 3000 people.這座大廳可以容納3000人?！究键c(diǎn)聚焦】辨析contain和include：contain多指一個(gè)“容器”中包含有別的事物，它的主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)通常不是同一種事物，賓語(yǔ)是處在主語(yǔ)的包容之中；include意為“包括”，指事物的集體中含有不同的種類(lèi)，它的主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)通常是一樣的事物，只是賓語(yǔ)是屬于主語(yǔ)的范圍內(nèi)的?！净顚W(xué)活用】14.完成句子1)那包裹里裝的是一本字典。The parcel_a dictionary.2)字典的價(jià)錢(qián)包括郵費(fèi)在內(nèi)。The price of the dictionary_pos

30、tage charges.答案：1)contained2)includes【經(jīng)典例句】We should maintain a balance between work and play.我們應(yīng)當(dāng)使工作和休閑保持平衡。Dont get excited;keep your balance so as not to fall down.別激動(dòng)；保持平衡，不要掉下來(lái)。【考點(diǎn)聚焦】固定搭配：1)keep the balance of = keep ones balance 保持平衡反義詞：lose ones balance 失去平衡，慌亂2)out of balance 失去平衡如：One of th

31、e wings of the plane was broken and it has been out of balance.一條機(jī)翼斷了，飛機(jī)失去了平衡。3)in balance 處于平衡之中如：Everything is in balance.一切有條不紊，井然有序。4）on balance 總而言之【活學(xué)活用】15.選擇上述短語(yǔ)的適當(dāng)形式填空 (lose ones balance，on balance，keep ones balance)1) The young child_and fell onto the ground.2)Their suggestion has, _,proved

32、 practicable.3)She had to hold onto the railings to_.答案：1)lost his balance2)on balance3)keep her balance【巧記提示】re-（加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣）move（移動(dòng)）【經(jīng)典例句】Please remove the vase from the table.請(qǐng)把桌上的花瓶拿開(kāi)。He removed all traces of having been there.他把去那兒留下的痕跡都清除了。He removed the mud from his shoes.他去掉鞋上的泥?！究键c(diǎn)聚焦】1）同根詞：removal

33、n.移動(dòng)，切除2）辨析remove和move：remove指把事情從原處移走，移至別處;move指移動(dòng)，挪動(dòng)，并不一定從原處離開(kāi)?！净顚W(xué)活用】16.用move 或remove 填空1）Please_your car,its blocking the road.2）He_the child from the class.答案：1）move2）removed【經(jīng)典例句】He behaved with great courage in the battle.他在這次戰(zhàn)斗中表現(xiàn)得非常勇敢。The witness behaved herself with great calmness.目擊者表現(xiàn)得極其冷

34、靜。The child behaved very well last night.孩子昨天晚上表現(xiàn)挺好?！究键c(diǎn)聚焦】1)同根詞：misbehave v.使行為不端behavio(u)r n.舉止，行為，表現(xiàn)misbehavio(u)r n.不良行為behaviour亦作 behavior，是英國(guó)英語(yǔ)和美國(guó)英語(yǔ)在拼法上的區(qū)別。類(lèi)似的詞還有favo(u)r（贊成，贊許）,flavo(u)r（滋味，味道）,vapo(u)r（蒸汽，霧），neighbo(u)r（鄰居）等。2)常用搭配：behave oneself 使舉止好，使舉止規(guī)矩【活學(xué)活用】17.單項(xiàng)填空She is already 16 yea

35、rs old.But she_as if she were still a little girl.A.believes B.absorbsC.accuses D.behaves答案：D【巧記提示】ad-(表“運(yùn)動(dòng)，方向，變化，增加”)+-ance（表動(dòng)作的后綴），取得進(jìn)展，改進(jìn)?！窘?jīng)典例句】We had greatly advanced in our knowledge of the world.我們?cè)谑澜缰R(shí)方面大有長(zhǎng)進(jìn)?！究键c(diǎn)聚焦】1)名詞：advancement 促進(jìn)，推進(jìn)，改進(jìn)形容詞：advanced 高級(jí)的2)常用搭配：in advance 在前面，預(yù)先如：The rent must be paid in advance.租金必須預(yù)付。in advance of 在的前面，在之先如：The guide walked in advance of the others.導(dǎo)游走在其他人前面?！净顚W(xué)活用】18.詞組翻譯1）advance notice_2）advance booking_3）advance payment_4）advance party of_答案：1）預(yù)先通知2）預(yù)訂/預(yù)售（票）3）預(yù)先付款4）先頭部隊(duì)【巧記提示】focus諧音為“?？怂埂?，是20世紀(jì)電影業(yè)的焦點(diǎn)?！窘?jīng)典例句】The cafe is the