英語必修ⅰ外研版 module 5 a lesson in a lab 教案4

1、Period 2 Grammar: Degrees of ComparisonTeaching procedures:Step 1. Lead-in Present the Ss the following sentences on the Bb and ask them to discover what kind of degrees of comparison .Jack speak English as fluently as Tom.This school is better than that one.This book is more interesting than that o

2、ne.This room is less beautiful than that one.The weather is getting hotter and hotter.The harder you study, the more you will make progress.He works (the) hardest in his class.Then call the answers from the class.Answers: 1.原級; 2、3、4、5、6、均為.比較級; 7.最高級.Step 2. Grammar structureFirstly ask the Ss to m

3、ake a summary about the structures of the degrees of comparison. Then check the answers. Answers：3 forms 原級、比較級和最高級。Step 3. Detailed Notes about Grammar Usage原級的構(gòu)成和用法1）構(gòu)成：形容詞和副詞的原級形式是形容詞和副詞的原形。2）用法：當(dāng)表示雙方在程度、性質(zhì)、特征等某方面相等時(shí)，用“as+原級adj./adv.+as”的結(jié)構(gòu)；當(dāng)表示雙方不相等時(shí)，用“not as(so)+ 原級adj./adv.+as”的結(jié)構(gòu)；當(dāng)表示一方是另一方的若干倍

4、時(shí)，用“倍數(shù)+as+原級adj./adv.+as”的結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：He is as tall as Jack. / I speak English as fluently as you.Your bike is not as(so) new as hers.This road is three times as long as that one.比較級和最高級的構(gòu)成和用法1）構(gòu)成：規(guī)則變化單音節(jié)形容詞以及少數(shù)以er,or結(jié)尾的形容詞和副詞加er，est例如：fast-faster-fastest; few-fewer-fewest; great-greater-greatest;clever-c

5、leverer-cleverest norrow-norrower-norrowest.以e結(jié)尾的單音節(jié)形容詞和副詞后以及少數(shù)以-ble,-ple結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)形容詞和副詞后，加r，st例如：large-larger-largest, able-abler-ablest, simple-simpler-simplest以一個(gè)輔音結(jié)尾的單音節(jié)形容詞，其前面的元音字母發(fā)短元音時(shí)，該輔音字母要雙寫，然后加er，est例如：hot-hotter-hottest以輔音加y結(jié)尾的形容詞和少數(shù)不是形容詞加ly構(gòu)成的副詞要將y改寫為i，再加er，est例如：easy-easier-easiest, happy-

6、happier-happiest early-earlier-earliest一般雙音節(jié)詞、多音節(jié)形容詞和副詞在原級前more或most例如：beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful; carefully-more carefully-most carefully少數(shù)單音節(jié)或雙音節(jié)形容詞也加more和most構(gòu)成比較級和最高級。例如：tired-more tired-most tired; pleased-more pleased-mos pleased;crowded-more crowded-most crowded不規(guī)則變化原級比較級最高級good,

7、 wellbetterbestbad, illworseworstmany, muchmoremostlittlelessleastoldolder(較老、較舊),elder（較年長）oldest(最老、最舊)，eldest(最年長)farfarter(較遠(yuǎn)的),further(進(jìn)一步地)farest（最遠(yuǎn)的）furthest（最深刻地）注意辨析few-fewer-fewest和little-less-least的差別: 前者是規(guī)則變化，后者是不規(guī)則變化；前者用來修飾可數(shù)名詞，后者用來修飾不可數(shù)名詞。2）用法：比較級的用法雙方比較，表示一方超過另一方時(shí)，用“比較級+than”的結(jié)構(gòu)表示。例如：

8、This book is better than that one.表示一方不及另一方時(shí)，用“l(fā)ess+原級adj./adv.+than”的結(jié)構(gòu)表示。例如：This room is less beautiful than that one.表示一個(gè)方面隨另一個(gè)方面的程度而變化時(shí)，用“the +比較級（+主語+謂語），the +比較級（+主語+謂語）”的結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：The harder he works, the happier he feels.The harder you study, the more knowledge you will get.表示自身程度的改變“越來越-”時(shí)，用“比較

9、級+and+比較級”結(jié)構(gòu)表示。如：The weather is getting colder and colder.The little girl becomes more and more beautiful.表示倍數(shù)的比較級有如下幾種句型：a)“倍數(shù)+as+原級adj.+as+被比較對象”，例如：This river is four times as long as that one.（這條河是那條河的四倍長）b)“倍數(shù)+the+size(length, width, depth, height)+of+被比較對象”，例如：This river is four times the leng

10、th of that one.（這條河是那條河的四倍長）c)“倍數(shù)+比較級adj.+than+被比較對象”，例如：This river is three times longer than that one.（這條河是那條河的四倍長/這條河比那條河長三倍）注意：在比較級的前面可以加上如下一些表示程度的狀語，但要注意其含義的差別。a)any加比較級, 表示疑問程度，譯為“-一些”，“-一點(diǎn)”。例如：Are you feeling any better?b)no/not(any)加比較級, 表示否定程度，譯為“并不-”。例如：Some grow no higher than your ankles

11、.This film is not more interesting than that one.c)a bit, a little, slightly加比較級, 表示“稍微，一點(diǎn)（些）”。例如：May I stay here a little longer?This problem is a bit more difficult than that one.d)many, much, a lot, greatly, (by)far, rather, a good(great) deal等加比較級, 表示“-得多”。例如：Our school is much more beautiful th

12、an theirs.The people here are a great deal richer now than before.附 by far通常用于強(qiáng)調(diào)最高級。用于比較級時(shí)，一般放在比較級的后面，如在前面，應(yīng)在二者中間加“the”。例如：He is taller by far than his brother./ He is by far the taller of the two brothers.e)even, still加比較級, 表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，譯為“甚至更/還要-”。例如：He gets even stronger.Jack is tall, but Tom is still ta

13、ller.f)“數(shù)詞+名詞+比較級”表示確定的程度。例如：He is five years older than I.I got up an hour earlier than the others.最高級的用法三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度時(shí)，用“the +最高級”的結(jié)構(gòu)表示。這種句式一般常有表示比較范圍的介詞短語。例如：Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three.He works (the) hardest in his class.The Three Gorges area is one of the most beautiful areas of Ch

14、ina.最高級可被序數(shù)詞以及by far, by no means, much, nearly, almost, not quite, nothing like等詞語修飾。例如：The Yangtze River is the worlds third longest river.How much did the second most expensive hat cost?This hat is by far / by no means / much / nearly / not nearly / almost / not quite / nothing like the biggest.注

15、意：a)作狀語的副詞最高級前可以不加定冠詞。例如：He came (the) earliest of all the boys.b)excellent(優(yōu)秀的、極好的)，extreme（極端的），favorite(最喜愛的)，perfect（完美的）等詞本身含有最高級的含義，所以它們沒有比較級和最高級。c)形容詞最高級修飾作表語或介詞賓語的名詞、代詞時(shí)，被修飾的詞往往省略。He is the tallest (boy) in his class.使用形容詞、副詞的比較等級時(shí)要注意的幾個(gè)問題在as-as之間只能使用原級形容詞（副詞）。例如：誤：I have as less money as yo

16、u do.正：I have as little money as you do.切忌采用雙重比較比較級前可以用表示程度的修飾語來表示強(qiáng)調(diào)或程度，但不可用more加比較級形式。例如：誤：His health is more worse than before.正：His health is worse than before.應(yīng)避免自我比較使用比較級時(shí)，進(jìn)行比較的雙方必須是互相分離、互不包含的獨(dú)立概念或事物，否則比較就不合邏輯。例如：誤：Bamboo probably has more uses than any plant in the world.正：Bamboo probably has

17、more uses than any other plant in the world.附比較的另一方如果是不定代詞anyone, anything, 前面不能加other, 而要在其后加else. 例如：She studies harder than anyone else in her class.但是，若比較的雙方不屬于同一范圍，句中則不加other。例如：She runs faster than any boy in her class.表示“兩者中較-”時(shí)，比較級前要加the。例如：The older of the two noblemen took a light and led

18、me into a back room.被比較的雙方必須具有可比性。例如：誤：There are more students in this school than that school.正：There are more students in this school than in that school.連詞than后使用代詞主格和賓格有時(shí)意義不同。例如：I know you better than him.我對你的了解比對他的了解更透徹些（或：“我比他更了解你”，此時(shí)與同義）。使用最高級時(shí)，主語不可被排除在最高級所指的范圍之外。例如：誤：He is the tallest of all

19、 his brothers.正：He is the tallest of all the brothers.most前面加不定冠詞a/an，或者不加冠詞修飾形容詞時(shí)，它的意思等于very。此時(shí)， most已失去最高級的意義。試比較：a most interesting film(一部很有趣的電影) / the most interesting film(最有趣的電影)Step 4. Practice 1. There is no way for us to book apartment. Thus we will have to make full use of what we have no

20、w. A. a bigger B. the bigger C. the biggest D. a big 2. At present of the experiments done in labs after the new building has been finished. A. four fifth; is B. four fifths; are C. four fifth; are D. four fifths; is3. If object A weighs 100 kg, and object B is , object B is 400 kg. A. four times he

21、avy as object AB. four times the weight in object AC. four times heavier D. four times as heavier as object A 4. You can never be too careful when crossing the street. _ you are, the safer you will be. A. Be careful B. More carefully C. The most carefully D. The more careful 5. How do you think of y

22、our visit to Qingdao? I enjoyed it. It was than I expected. A. far more interesting B. even much interestingC. very more interesting D. a lot much interesting 6. Of the two teachers, my English teacher is one, and she often plays games with us after class.A. a younger B. a youngest C. the younger D.

23、 the youngest 7. is a fact that simple scientific experiments are becoming more and more important in physics.A. There B. It C. This D. That 8.With nothing to burn, the fire became weak and died out. A. leaving B. left C. leave D. to leave 9. I to be quite afraid to live in the cold area, but now I

24、have to the life there. A. used; been used B. used; usedC. was used; got used D. got used; been used 10. Do you like that place of interest? On the contrary, its the place that I want to visit. A. worst B. last C. best D. latest 11. Who is going to read the text? I didnt catch what our teacher had s

25、aid. . You should listen carefully. A. Go ahead B. Its your turn now. C. Youve got it D. Not at all 12. There appeared an look on her face on hearing the story.A. astonished; astonishing B. astonished; astonishedC. astonishing; astonishing D. astonishing; astonished 13. I dont think the students kno

26、w what the result of the experiment was. Well, surprisingly they do. A new result has been found out and into a paper now. A. has been formed B. is being formed C. is forming D. has formed 14. Professor White has written some short stories, but he is _ known for his plays. A. the best B. more C. better D. the most15. My glasses cost me _ the last pair I bought.A. three times B. three times as much as C. three times more as D. three times as many as16. Some oil _the water, and this will k