高中英語動(dòng)詞不定式的用法完整版課件

1、1. 動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式的用法的用法 作主語作主語 作賓語作賓語 作定語作定語 作表語作表語 作賓補(bǔ)作賓補(bǔ) 作狀語作狀語動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式2.動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)3. 鞏固練習(xí)鞏固練習(xí)1. 動(dòng)詞不定式作主語動(dòng)詞不定式作主語動(dòng)詞不定式作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用第三動(dòng)詞不定式作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)人稱單數(shù)。To get there by car will take a whole day.How to get enough money is still a question.1. 動(dòng)詞不定式作主語動(dòng)詞不定式作主語有時(shí)候?yàn)榱吮３志渥悠胶?，常用有時(shí)候?yàn)榱吮３志渥悠胶?，常用i

2、t作形式主語，放到句首，而將作真作形式主語，放到句首，而將作真實(shí)主語的動(dòng)詞不定式放到句末。實(shí)主語的動(dòng)詞不定式放到句末。It will take a whole day to get there by car.It is impossible for me to finish the work in a week.復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：1)for sb. to do sth2) (It is +性格性格adj+)of sb. to do sth性格性格adj：nice, kind, cruel, thoughtful, careful, carelessIt is very important f

3、or us to learn English.It is difficult for him to finish the task in such a short time.It is very nice of you to help me.2. 動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語常用于下列動(dòng)詞后：動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語常用于下列動(dòng)詞后：want, agree, decide, manage, wish, hope, ask, like, love , choose, promise, continue, plan, learn, expect, offer, prepare, ref

4、use, pretend, attempt, intend, threaten, seek, hesitate, long, desire, fail等等等等。動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語應(yīng)注意的問題動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語應(yīng)注意的問題1.有些動(dòng)詞后跟動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)名詞有些動(dòng)詞后跟動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)名詞作賓語意義截然不同作賓語意義截然不同try, go on, stop, mean, regret, remember, forget等等try to do sth. 盡力去做某事盡力去做某事try doing sth. 試一試，試試看試一試，試試看Try knocking at the back door if nob

5、ody hears you at the front door.Try to get there on time.mean to do sth.打算做某事打算做某事mean doing sth.意味著做某事意味著做某事I wont wait if it means delaying a week.I meant to help you, but I was busy at that moment.forget to do sth. 忘了去做某事忘了去做某事forget doing sth.忘了做過某事忘了做過某事I forget telling her about itI forget to

6、bring the purse with me when I left home this morning.remember to do sth.記住去做某事記住去做某事remember doing sth.記得做過某事記得做過某事I remember reading the story in some book.Remember to post the letter for me when you go to the post office.動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語應(yīng)注意的問題動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語應(yīng)注意的問題2. 如果不定式作賓語而后面又有一個(gè)如果不定式作賓語而后面又有一個(gè)賓語補(bǔ)足語，這時(shí)要用賓語補(bǔ)足語

7、，這時(shí)要用it作形式賓語作形式賓語而把這個(gè)動(dòng)詞不定式放到補(bǔ)語后。而把這個(gè)動(dòng)詞不定式放到補(bǔ)語后。I feel it my duty to help you.I once thought it impossible for us to finish the job in such a limited time.3.動(dòng)詞不定式作定語動(dòng)詞不定式作定語動(dòng)詞不定式作定語，它與所修飾的名動(dòng)詞不定式作定語，它與所修飾的名詞或代詞可能是主謂關(guān)系，也可能是詞或代詞可能是主謂關(guān)系，也可能是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。如果是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，不定式動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。如果是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，不定式主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)。主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)。He was the last on

8、e to leave school yesterday.We have much homework to do everyday.4.動(dòng)詞不定式作表語動(dòng)詞不定式作表語1主語和表語都是不定式（其含義主語和表語都是不定式（其含義往往一是條件，一是結(jié)果），如：往往一是條件，一是結(jié)果），如： To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people. To do that would be to cut the foot to fit the shoe.2主語是以主語是以aim, duty, hope, idea, intention, mistake,

9、 plan, proposal, job, suggestion 等為中心詞的名詞詞組，或以等為中心詞的名詞詞組，或以 what 引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句表示，表語用不定引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句表示，表語用不定式說明其內(nèi)容，如：式說明其內(nèi)容，如： My idea is .My suggestion is . What I would suggest is . ：在某些句型中，當(dāng)主語部分有動(dòng)作：在某些句型中，當(dāng)主語部分有動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞時(shí)，作表語的不定式可以省略符時(shí)，作表語的不定式可以省略符號(hào)號(hào) “”，如：，如： All we have to do is . The only thing I can do now

10、is . All I could do was . 5.動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)常跟動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：常跟動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：（1）可接帶）可接帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)的不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：詞有：ask, get, allow, forbid, prefer, force, inspire, advise, cause, tell, order, warn, teach, permit, wish, invite, encourage等等（2）可跟?。┛筛o的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)的的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：動(dòng)詞有：在部分感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞后，如：在部分感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)

11、詞后，如：see, watch, notice, observe, look at, listen to, feel, make, let, have注：注：help后可跟省后可跟省to或帶或帶to的不定式的不定式作賓補(bǔ)。作賓補(bǔ)。The teacher had us recite the text every day.I was let to do the experiment alone.Was he noticed to leave the house?動(dòng)詞不定式在主動(dòng)語態(tài)中用省動(dòng)詞不定式在主動(dòng)語態(tài)中用省to的形的形式作賓補(bǔ)，但在被動(dòng)語態(tài)的句子中，式作賓補(bǔ)，但在被動(dòng)語態(tài)的句子中，要用帶要用

12、帶to的形式作主語補(bǔ)語。的形式作主語補(bǔ)語。6.動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語用來修飾動(dòng)詞、動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語用來修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子，通常表形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子，通常表示目的、原因、結(jié)果、程度等。示目的、原因、結(jié)果、程度等。 They ran over .He stood up What have I said He came round Would you be so kind as to lend me your bicycle / tell me the time? Im not such a fool as to believe that. The boy

13、 is old enough to go to school. 當(dāng)當(dāng)too前有前有only時(shí)，時(shí)，only too to譯譯作肯定。作肯定。 I am only too pleased to help you.當(dāng)不定式前有表否定意義的詞時(shí)，譯作當(dāng)不定式前有表否定意義的詞時(shí)，譯作肯定?？隙āe are never too old to learn.動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)1. I opened the door to enter the room. 3. Mr. Smith is going to attend the meeting to be held tomorrow. 一般式一

14、般式( to do ).不定式的一般式所不定式的一般式所表示的動(dòng)作（狀態(tài)）表示的動(dòng)作（狀態(tài)）同時(shí)（或幾乎同時(shí)）同時(shí)（或幾乎同時(shí)）發(fā)生，或之后發(fā)生。發(fā)生，或之后發(fā)生。2.saw her enter the room.進(jìn)行式進(jìn)行式( to be doing)1. I am very glad to be working with you.2.He pretended to be reading when his mother came into his room.不定式的進(jìn)行式表示正不定式的進(jìn)行式表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,和謂語動(dòng)和謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行。行。動(dòng)詞不

15、定式的時(shí)態(tài)動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài).完成式（完成式（to have done)1. I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long.2. You seemed to have read the novel written by Mr. Smith.不定式的完成不定式的完成式表示的動(dòng)作式表示的動(dòng)作在謂語表示的在謂語表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生。動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生。鞏固練習(xí)1. Several of these washes and dryers are out of order and_. need to be repairingB. repair

16、ing is required of themC. require that they be repaired.D. need to be repaired.解析：and并列謂語動(dòng)詞， need to be repaired相當(dāng)于need repairing.D2. I wish you had brought your family with you. Ill get them _ next time. A. coming B. to come C. come D. have comeB解析：使役動(dòng)詞get后跟帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)，let，make, have后跟省to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)

17、。3. We climbed to the top of the tower _a better view of the area. getting B. got C. having got D. to getD解析：動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語，其余幾個(gè)沒這功能。4. What is the way Smith thought of _ enough money to buy the new house. A. getting B. having got C. being got D. to getD解析：名詞the way后跟有兩個(gè)定語，一個(gè)是定語從句Smith thought of， 一個(gè)是動(dòng)詞

18、不定式to get enough money to buy the new house.5. The young assistant was noticed _ the bank alone last night. A. entering B. enter C. to enter D. enteredC解析：感官動(dòng)詞后可跟現(xiàn)在分詞和省to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)。不定式表示全過程，現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進(jìn)行。在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中用帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作主語補(bǔ)語。6. Wang Dong wanted to surf the Internet, but his father told him _. A. not to do B. not do it C. do not to D. not toD解析：tell sb. (not) to do sth. 為了避免重復(fù)，后面省略了surf the Internet.7. The party was successful, but we thought it a pity no