職稱英語歷年真題及答案

1、全國職稱英語考試歷年真題及答案理工類 -A 級(jí)2003-2010目錄1.2003年全國職稱英語考試 （理工類A 級(jí)）真題及答案22.2004年全國職稱英語考試（理工類A級(jí)）真題及答案163.2005年全國職稱英語考試（理工類A級(jí)）真題及答案354.2006年全國職稱英語考試（理工類A級(jí)）真題及答案545.2007年全國職稱英語考試（理工類A級(jí)）真題及答案686.2008年全國職稱英語考試（理工類A級(jí)）真題及答案767.2009年全國職稱英語考試（理工類A級(jí)）真題及答案898.2010 年全國職稱英語考試（理工類 A級(jí)）真題及答案 102522003 年職稱英語等級(jí)考試?yán)砉ゎ怉 級(jí)試題及答案第一

2、部分：詞匯選項(xiàng)（第1 15 題，每題 1 分，共 15 分）下面共有 15 個(gè)句子，每個(gè)句子中均有1 個(gè)詞或短語畫有底橫線，請(qǐng)從每個(gè)句子后面所給的 4 個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇1 個(gè)與畫線部分意義最相近的詞或短語。答案一律涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。1. The union representative put across her argument very effectively. AexplainedBinventedCconsideredDaccepted2. He talks tough but has a tender heart. AheavyBstrongCkindDwild3. It is

3、no use debating the relative merits of this policy. AmakingBtakingCdiscussingDexpecting4. Our statistics show that we consume all that we are capable of producing.AwasteBbuyCuseDsell5. The fuel tanks had a capacity of 140 liters. AfunctionBabilityCpowerDvolume6. Our lives are intimately bound up wit

4、h theirs. AtenselyBnearlyCcarefullyDclosely7. Her faith upheld her in times of sadness. AsupportedBexcitedCinspiredDdirected8. The book provides a concise analysis of the countrys history. AcleanBperfectCrealDbrief9. It is laid down in the regulations that all members must carry their membership car

5、ds at all times.AsuggestedBwarned CstatedDconfirmed10. The council meeting terminated at 2 oclock.AbeganBcontinuedCendedDresumed11. Red flag was placed there as a token of danger. AsignBsubstituteCproofDtarget12. However bad the situation is, the majority is unwilling to risk change. AreluctantBeage

6、rCpleasedDangry13. Ithas been saidthatthe Actsprovideda new courseofactionand didnot merely regulate or enlarge an old one.AlimitBcontrolCreplaceDoffset14. The secretaryisexpectedtoexploreideasforpost-warreconstructionof the area.AdenyBinvestigateCstressDcreate15. The steadilyrisingcostoflaboron the

7、 waterfronthas greatlyincreased the cost of shipping cargo by water.AgraduallyBsuddenlyCexcessivelyDexceptionally第 2 部分：閱讀判斷（第16 22 題，每題 1 分，共 7 分）閱讀下面這篇短文，短文后列出了7 個(gè)句子，請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對(duì)每個(gè)句子做出判斷。如果該句提供的是正確信息，請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡上把 A 涂黑； 如果該句提供的是錯(cuò)誤信息，請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡上把 B 涂黑；如果該句的信息文章中沒有提及，請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡上把C 涂黑。A Dolphin and an AstronomerOne day

8、 in 1963,a dolphinnamed Elvarand a famous astronomer,CarlSagan, were playing a little game. The astronomer was visiting an institute which was lookinginto the way dolphins communicate with each other. Sagan was standing on the edge of one of the tanks where several of these friendly, highly intellig

9、ent creatureswere kept. Elvar had just swum up alongside him and had turned on his back.The dolphin wanted Sagan to scratch his stomach again, as the astronomer had done twice before. Elvar looked up at Sagan, waiting. Then, after a minute or so,the dolphinleaptup throughthe waterand made a sound ju

10、stlikethe word “more”. The astonished astronomer wentto the directorof the instituteand told him about the incident.Oh, yes. Thats one of the words he knows, the director said, showing no surprise at all.Dolphins have bigger brain in proportion to their body size than humans have, and it has been kn

11、own for a long time that they can make a number of sounds. Whatis more, these soundsseem to have different functions, such as warningeach other ofdanger.Sound travelsmuch fasterand much furtherin waterthanitdoes in air.That is why the parts of the brain that deal with sound are much better developed

12、in do lphin than in humans. But can it be said that dolphins have alanguage , in the real sense of the word? Scientists dont agree on this.A language is not just a collection of sounds, or even words. A language hasa structureand what we calla grammar. The structureand grammar of a languagehelp to g

13、ive it meaning. For example, the two questions“Who loves Mary? ” and“Who does Mary love?” mean very different things. If you stop to think about it, youwillsee thatthisdifferencedoesntcome from the words in the questionbut fromthe differenceinstructure.That is why the question“Can dolphinsspeak?” ca

14、nt be answered untilwe findout ifdolphinsnot onlymake sounds but alsoarrangethem in a grammatical order which affects their meaning.16 The astronomerwas not interestedin the way dolphinscommunicate witheach other.ARightBWrongCNot mentioned17 The dolphin leapt up into the air because Sagan was too ne

15、ar the water. ARightBWrongCNot mentioned18 Parts of the dolphins brain are particularly well developed to handle different kinds of sound.ARightBWrongCNot mentioned19 Dolphins are the most useful animals to humans. ARightBWrongCNot mentioned20 Dolphins travel faster in water than any other animals.

16、ARightBWrongCNot mentioned21 Some scientists believe that dolphins have a language of their own. ARightBWrongCNot mentioned22 Sounds can be calleda language onlywhen they have a structureand a grammar.A RightBWrongCNot mentioned第 3 部分：概括大意與完成句子（第 2330 題，每題 1 分，共 8 分）閱讀下面這篇短文， 短文后有 2 項(xiàng)測(cè)試任務(wù)： （ 1）第 23

17、26 題要求從所給的 6 個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為第 2、3、5 和 6 段每段選擇 1 個(gè)正確的小標(biāo)題； （ 2）第 27 30 題要求從所給的 6 個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇 4 個(gè)正確選項(xiàng)，分別完成每個(gè)句子。請(qǐng)將答案涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。The Weight ExperimentNicolaWaltershas been takingpartinexperimentsin Scotlandtodiscoverwhy humans gainand lost weight. Being locked in asmall room calleda calorimeter（熱量測(cè)量室 )is one way to fin

18、d out.1. The sighsabove the two rooms read simply“Chamber One” and “Chamber Two”. These are the calorimeters:4m by 2m white-walledrooms where human volunteersare locked up in the name of science. Outside these rooms another sign reads“Please do not enter-work in progress” and in front of the rooms a

19、dvanced machineryregisters every move the volunteers make. Each day, meals measured to the last gram are passed through a hole in the wall of the calorimeter to the resident volunteer.2. Nicola Walters is one of twenty volunteers who, over the past eight months, have spent varying periods inside the

20、 calorimeter. Tall and slim, Nicola does nothave a weight problem, but thought the strict diet might help with her training and fitness programme. A self-employed community dance worker, she was able to fit the experiment in around her work. She saw an advert for volunteers at her local gymand as sh

21、e is interested in the whole area of diet and exercise, she thought she would help out.3. The experiment on Nicola involved her spending one day on a fixed diet at home and the next in the room. This sequence was repeated four times over six weeks. She arrived at the calorimeter at 8:30 am on each o

22、f the four mornings and from thenon everythingshe ate or drank was carefullymeasured.Her every move was noted too, her daily exercise routine timed to the last second. At regular intervals, aftereating, she filled in forms about how hungry she felt and samples were taken for analysis.4. The scientis

23、ts help volunteers impose a kind of order on the long days they face in the room.“The first time, I only took one video and a book, but it wasOK because I watched TV the rest of the time,” says Nicola. And twice a day sheused the exercise bike. She pedaled () for half an hour, watched by researchers

24、 to make sure she didnt go too fast.5. It seems that some foods encourageyou to eat more, while others satisfyyou quickly. Volunteers are already showing that high-fat diets are less likely to make you feel full. Believing that they may nowknow what encourages people to overeat,A、What does the calor

25、imeter look like inside?B、What program was designed for the experiment?C、What is a calorimeter?D、What is the first impression?E、How do the volunteers kill the time?F、Whydid Nicolajoinin the experiments?the researchers are about to start testing a high-protein weight-loss diet. Volunteers are require

26、d and Nicola has signed up for further sessions.23 Paragraph 1 24 Paragraph 1 25 Paragraph 1 26 Paragraph 1 27.The machinery outside the calorimeters records everything. 28.Nicola Walters had time for the experiments.29.Volunteershave to get preparedforthe timein the calorimeter. 30.The experiments

27、show that high-fat diets.A the volunteers doB because she does not have a weight problem Cbecause the life there can be very boringD make people overeatE because she was her own boss Fafter passing a high-protein test第 4 部分：閱讀理解（第31 45 題，每題 3 分，共 45 分）下面有 3 篇短文，每篇短文后有5 道題，每道題后面有4 個(gè)選項(xiàng)。請(qǐng)根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容， 從每題所給

28、的4 個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇 1 個(gè)最佳答案，涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。第一篇 “Salty ” Rice Plant Boosts HarvestsBritish scientists are breeding a new generation of rice plants that will beable to grow in soil containing salt water. Their work may enable abandoned farms to become productive once more.Tim Flowers and Tony Yeo, from Sussex Univ

29、ersitys School of Biological Sciences, have spent several years researching how crops, such as rice, could be made to grow in water that has become salty.The pairhave recentlybegun a three-yearprogramme, funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, to establish which genes e

30、nable someplantstosurvivesaltyconditions.The aim isto breedthiscapabilityintocrops, starting with rice.It is estimated that each year more than 100 hectares (公頃) of agricultural land are lost because salt gets into the soil and stunts (妨礙生長 )plants. Theproblem iscaused by severalfactors.In the tropi

31、cs,mangroves ( 紅樹林 ) thatcreate swamps ( 沼澤 ) and traditionally formed barriers to sea water have been cut down.In the Mediterranean, a series of droughts have caused the water table to drop, allowing sea water to seep (滲透 ) in. in Latin America, irrigation often causesproblemswhen waterisevaporated

32、( 蒸發(fā) ) by the heat,leavingsaltdepositsbehind.Excess saltthen entersthe plantsand preventsthem functioningnormally.Heavy concentrations of minerals in the plants stop them drawing up the water they needto survive.To overcome these problems, Flowers and Yeo decided to breed rice plants that take in ve

33、ry little salt and store what they do absorb in cells that do not affectthe plants growth. They have started to breed these characteristics into a newricecrop,but itwilltakeabout eightharvestsbeforethe resultingseeds are ready to be considered for commercial use.Once the characteristics for survivin

34、g salty soil are known, Flowers and Yeo will try to breed the appropriate genes into all manners of crops and plants. Land that has been abandoned to nature will then be able to bloom again, providing much needed food in the poorer countries of the world.31. Which of the following statements about F

35、lowers and Yeo is true? A.They are students at Sussex University.B. They are rice breeders.C. They are husband and wifeD. They are colleagues at an institution of higher learning.32. Flowers and Yeo have started a programme A.to find ways to prevent water pollution.B. to identify genes that promote

36、growth in salty soil.C. to breed rice plants that taste salty.D. to find ways to remove excessive salt from soil.33. Which ofthe following is NOTmentioned as a cause of the problem discussed in the passage?A. Natural barriers to sea water have been destroyed.B. The water table has gone down after dr

37、oughts.C. Sea level has been continuously rising. D.Evaporation of water leaves salt behind.34. The word“affect” in Paragraph 6 could be best replaced byA. “influence”B. “effect”C. “stop ”D. “present ”35The attitude of the author towards the research project is A.positiveB.negative. C.suspicious D.i

38、ndifferent.第二篇 Living with ComputerAfter too long on the Net, even a phone call can be a shock. My boyfriends Liverpudianaccentsuddenlybecomes hard to understandafterthe clarityof his words on screen;a secretary stone seems more rejectingthan I d imagineditwould be. Time itselfbecomes fluid hoursbec

39、ome minutes,and alternatelyseconds stretch into days. Weekends, once a highlight of my week, are now just two ordinary days.For the lastthreeyears,sinceI stoppedworkingas a producerforCharlieRose,I have done much of my work as a tele-commuter (遠(yuǎn)程交談?wù)?). I submit articles andeditthem viaE-mailand comm

40、unicatewithcolleagueson Internetmailinglists.My boyfriends lives in England, so much of our relationship is computer-mediated.IfI desired,I couldstayinsideforweeks withoutwantinganything.I can order food, and manage my money, love and work. In fact, at times I have spent as longas three weeks alone

41、at home, going out only to get mail and buy newspapers and groceries. I watched most of the blizzard (暴風(fēng)雪 )of96 on TV.But aftera while,lifeitselfbeginstofeelunreal.Istarttofeelas though I ve merged withmy machines,takingdatain,spittingthem back out,justanother node ( 節(jié)點(diǎn)) on the Net.Otherson linerepo

42、rtthe same symptoms. Westartto strongly dislike the outside forms of socializing. Its like attending an A.A. meeting ina bar witheveryoneholdinga half-sippeddrink.Wehave become the Net opponents worst nightmare.What first seemed like a luxury, crawling from bed to computer, not worrying about hair,

43、and clothes and face, has become an avoidance, a lack of discipline.And once you startreplacingrealhuman contactwithcyber-interaction( 網(wǎng)上交流 ),coming back out of the cave can be quite difficult.At times,I turnon the televisionand justleaveitto chatterin the background, something that Id never done pr

44、eviously. The voices of the programs soothe (安 慰) me,but then Im jarred (使感不快 )by the commercials.I find myself suckedin by soapoperas, or compulsively (強(qiáng)制性地 ) needing to keep up with thelatestnews and the weather.“Dateline,” “Frontline,” “Nightline,” CNN, every possibleangle of every story over and

45、 over and over, even when they are of no possible use to me. Work movers from foreground to background.36. Compared with the clear words of her boyfriend on screen, his accent is A.obscure.B.distinct.C.unreal.D.misleading.37. The passage implies that the writer and her boyfriend live in A.England.B.

46、 different countries.C. the same city.D. the same country.38. Living alone in a house, the writer seems to A.have totally forgotten her work.B. be afraid of her neighbors.C. get some comfort from TV programs.D. have gone crazy.39. We learn from the passage that the writer A.is fed up with the Net op

47、ponents.B. prefers people to the computer.C. is addicted to the computer.D. does not like human contact.40. The phrase“coming back out of the cave” in the fifth paragraph meansA. “coming back home ”.B. “giving up the present job”.C. “l(fā)iving a luxurious life”.D. “restoring real human contact”. 第三篇 Th

48、e Body ClockWhy isitthatflyingtoNew York from London willleaveyou feelinglesstired than flying to London from New York? The answer may be a clear case of biology notbeing able to keep up with technology.Deep inside the brain there is aclock that governs every aspect of thebodys functioning:sleepand

49、wake cycles,levelsof alertness,performance,mood, hormone levels, digestion, body temperature and so on. It regulates all of thesefunctions on a 24-hour basis and is called the biological clock.The body clockprogrammes us tobe sleepytwicea day,between 3-5 am and again between 3-5 pm. Afternoon tea an

50、d nap are all cultural responses to our naturalbiological sleepiness in the afternoon.One of the major causes of the travellers malady known as jet lag is thenon- alignment of a person s internal body clock with clocks in the external world. Crossing different time zones confuses the biological cloc

51、k, which then has to adjust to the new time and patterns of light and activity. To make matters more complex,not allinternalbody functionsadjustat the same rate.So your sleep/wakemay adjust toa new timezone atone rate,whileyour temperatureadjustsata differentpace. Your digestion may be on a differen

52、t schedule altogether.Though we live in a 24-hour day, the natural tendency of the body clock is to extend our day beyond 24 hours. It is contrary to our biological programming to shrink our day.That iswhy travelingin a westwarddirectionismore body-clockfriendlythanflying east. NASA studies of long

53、haul pilots showed that westward travel was associated with significantly better sleep quantity and quality than eastward flights.When flying west, you areextending your day, thus traveling in the natural directionof your internal clock. Flying eastward will involveshrinking or reducing your day and

54、 is in direct opposition to your internal clocks natural tendency.One of the more common complaints of travelers is that their sleep becomes disrupted. There are many reasons for this: changing time zones and schedules, changing light and activity levels, trying to sleep when your body clock is programmed to be awake, disruption of the internal biological clock and working longer hours.It is often suggested that you adjust your watch as soon as you board a plane,supposedlytotrytohelpyou adjust