英語四級聽力原文及答案

1、 英語四級聽力原文及答案Part 1 短對話Question 1- M: Do you remember the wonderful film on space exploration we watched together last month?- W: Sure. It's actually the most impressive one I've seen on that topic.Q:What do we learn about the speakers?Question 2- W: Are you looking for anything in particular

2、?- M: Yes. My son is graduating from high school, and I want to get him something special.Q:Where does the conversation most probably take place?Question 3- M: Mike told me yesterday that he had been looking in vain for a job in the art gallery.- W: Really? If I remember right, he had a chance to wo

3、rk there, but he turned it down.Q:What does the woman say about Mike?Question 4- W: Would you like to come to Susan's birthday party tomorrow evening?- M: I'm going to give a lecture tomorrow. I wish I could be in two places at the same time.Q:What does the man mean?Question 5- W: Aren't

4、 you discouraged by the slow progress your staff is making?- M: Yes. I think I will give them a deadline and hold them to it.Q:What is the man probably going to do?Question 6- W: Excuse me. Could you tell me where the visitors' parking is? I left my car there.- M: Sure. It's in Lot C. Over t

5、hat way.Q:What does the woman want to know?Question 7- W: You look great! Now that you've taken those fitness classes.- M: Thanks. I've never felt better in my life.Q:What does the man mean?Question 8- W: I really admire the efficiency of your secretaries.- M: Our company selects only the be

6、st. They have a heave workload and we give them a lot of responsibilities.Q:What are the speakers talking about?Part 2 長對話Conversion 1W: Hi Leo, why do you say English would become the world language?M: Well. For one thing, it's so commonly used, the only language that is used by more people is

7、Chinese.W: Why is English spoken by so many people?M: It's spoken in many countries of the world because of the British empire. And now of course is the influence of America as well.W: Many students find English a difficult language to learn.M: Oh, all languages are difficult to learn. But Engli

8、sh does have two greatest advantages.W: What are they?M: Well, first of all, it has a very international vocabulary. It has many German, Dutch, French, Spanish and Italian words in it. So speakers of those languages will find many familiar words in English. In fact, English has words for many other

9、languages as well.W: Why is that?M: Well, partly because English speakers have travelled a lot, they bring back words with them. So English really does have an international vocabulary.W: And what is the other advantage of English?M: It that English grammar is really quite easy. For example, it does

10、n't have dozens of different endings for its nouns, adjectives and verbs, not like Latin, Russian and German for example.W: Why is that?M: Well, it's quite interesting actually, it's because of the French. When the French ruled England, French was the official language, and only the comm

11、on people spoke English. They tried to make their language as simple as possible. So they made the grammar easier.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you've just heard.Q9: What does the man say about Chinese?Q10: What made English a widely used language?Q11: What is said to be specia

12、l about English vocabulary?Conversation 2Man: Hello. Yes?Woman: Hello. Is that the sales department?M: Yes, it is.W:Oh, well. My name is Jane Kingsbury of GPF limited. We need some supplies for our design office.M: Oh, what sort?W:Well, first of all, we need one complete new drawing board.M: DO44 or

13、 DO45?W:Ah, I don't know. What's the difference?M: Well, the 45 costs 15 pounds more.W:So what's the total price then?M:It's 387 pounds.W:Dose that include valued-added tax?M: Oh, I'm not sure. Most of the prices do. Yes, I think it does.W:What are the boards actually made of?M:

14、Oh, I don't know. I think its a sort of plastic stuff these days. It's white anyway.W:And how long does it take to deliver?M: Oh, I couldn't really say. It depends on how much work we've got and how many other orders there are to send out, you know.W:Ok, now we also want some drawing

15、 pens, ink and rulers, and some drawing paper.M: Oh dear. The girl who takes all those supplies isn't here this morning. So I can't take those orders for you. I only do the equipment you see.W:Ok, well, perhaps I'll ring back tomorrow.M: So do you want the drawing board then?W:Oh, I have

16、 to think about it. Thanks very much. I'll let you know. Good-bye.M: Thank you. Good-bye.Question 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you just heard.Question 12: What is the woman's purpose in making the phone call?Question 13: What do we learn about the man from the conversation?Question

17、 14: What does the man say about delivery?Question 15: What does the woman say she will possibly do tomorrow?Part 3 短文短文 1No one knows for sure just how old kites are. In fact, they have been in use for centuries. 25 centuries ago, kites were well-known in China. These first kites were probably made

18、 of wood. They may even have been covered with silk, because silk were used a lot at that time. Early kites were built for certain uses. In ancient China, they will use to carry ropes to cross rivers. Once across, the ropes were tear down and wooden bridges would hang for them. Legend tells of one G

19、eneral who flew musical kites over the enemies' camp. The enemy fled, believing the sounds to be the warming voices of angels. By the 15th century, many people flew kites in Europe. Marco Polo may have brought the kite back from his visit to China. The kite has been linked to great names and eve

20、nts. For instance, Benjamin Franklin used kite to prove the lightening electricity. He flew the kite in the storm. He did this in order to draw lightening from the clouds. He tied a metal key and a strip of silk to the kite line. The silk ribbon would stop the lightening from passing through his bod

21、y. Benjamin's idea was first laughed at. But later on, it enlightened the invention of the lightening rod. With such grand history, kite flying is short remain an entertaining and popular sport.Question 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.Question 16: What does the speaker say

22、about kite?Question 17: What did ancient Chinese use cats to do?Question 18: Why did BF flied a kite in the storm?短文2I have learnt many languages, but I'm not mastered them the way the professional interpreter or translator has. Still, they have open doors for me. They have allowed me the opport

23、unity to seek jobs in international contexts and help me get those jobs. Like many people who have lived overseas for a while, I simply got crazy about it. I can't image living my professional or social life without international interactions. Since 1977, I have spent much more time abroad than

24、in the United States. I like going to new places, eating new foods and experiencing new cultures. If you can speak the language, it's easier to get to know the country and its people. If I had the time and money. I would live for a year in as many countries as possible. Beyond my career, my faci

25、lity with languages has given me a few rare opportunities. Once, just after I returned my year in Vienna. I was asked to translate for a German judge at Olympic level horse event and learned a lot about the sport.In Japan, once when I was in the studio audience of a TV cooking show, I was asked to g

26、o up on the stage and taste the beef dish that was being prepared and tell what I thought. They asked” Was it as good as American beef?” It was very exciting for me to be on Japanese TV, speaking in Japanese about how delicious the beef was.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the passage you've just

27、 heard.Question 19 What does the speaker say about herself?Question 20 What does the speaker say about many people who have lived overseas for a while?Question 21 How did the speaker experience of living in Vienna benefit her?Question 22 What was the speaker asked to do in the Japanese studio?短文3Dr.

28、 Ben Carsen grew up in a poor single parent house-hold in Detroit. His mother, who had only a 3rd grade education helds two jobs cleaning bathrooms. To his classmates and even to histeachers he was thought of as the dummest kid in his class. According to his own not so fond memories.He had a terribl

29、e temper, and once threatened to kill another child. Dr. Carsen was headed down part of seld distraction until a critical moment in his youth. His mother convinced that he had to do something dramatic preventing leading a life of failure laid down some rules. He could notwatch television except for

30、two programs a week, could not play with his friends after schooluntil he finished his homework. And had to read two books a week, and write book reports about them. His mother's strategy worked. “Of course, I didn't know she couldn't read. So there I wassubmitting these reports.” he sai

31、d. She would put check marks on them like she had been reading them. As I began to read about scientists,economists and philosophers. I started imaging myself in their shoes. As he got into the hobbit of hard work, his grade began to soar. Ultimately he received a scholarship to attending YaleUniver

32、sity, and later he was admitted to the University of Michigan Medical School.He is now a leading surgeon at Johns Hopkins Medical School and he is also the author of the three books.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you've just heard.Q23 What do we learn about Ben Carsen ?Q24 What

33、 did Ben Caren's classmates and teachers think of him whenhe was first at school?Q25 What did Ben Carsen's mother tell him to do when he was a school boy?Part 4 聽寫題When you look up at the night sky, what do you see? There are other (26) heavenly bodies out there besides the moon and stars. O

34、ne of the most (27) fascinating of these is a comet.Comets were formed around the same time the Earth was formed. They are (28) made up of ice and other frozen liquids and gases. (29) Now and then these "dirty snowballs" begin to orbit the sun, just as the planets do.As a comet gets closer

35、 to the sun, some gases in it begin to unfreeze. They (30) combine with dust particles from the comet to form a huge cloud. As the comet gets even nearer to the sun, a solar wind blows the cloud behind the comet, thus forming its tail. The tail and the (31) generally fuzzy atmosphere around a comet

36、are (32) characteristics that can help identify this (33) phenomenon in the night sky.In any given year, about a dozen known comets come close to the sun in their orbits. The average person cant see them all, of course. Usually there is only one or two a year bright enough to be seen with the (34) n

37、aked eye. Comet Hale-Bopp, discovered in 1995, was an unusually bright comet. Its orbit brought it (35) relatively close to the Earth, within 122 million miles of it. But Hale-Bopp came a long way on its earthly visit. It wont be back for another four thousand years or so.參考答案1. B. They enjoyed the

38、movie on space exploration.2. A. At a gift shop.3. C. He declined a job offer from the art gallery.4. D. He will be unable to attend the birthday party.5. B. Set a deadline for the staff to meet.6. A. They way to the visitor's parking.7. D. He has benefited from exercise.8. D. The secretaries in

39、 the man's company.9. B. It is used by more people than English.10. C. The influence of the British Empire.11.It includes a lot of words from other languages.12.To place an order13.He is not familiar with the exact details of goods.14.It depends on a number of factors.15.Ring back when she comes

40、 to a decision.16. No one knows for sure when they came into being.17.Carry ropes across river.18.To prove the lighting is electricity.19.She can speak several languages.20.They have an intense interest in cross-cultural interactions.21.She was able to translate for a German sports judge.22.Taste th

41、e beef and give her comment.23.He grew up in a poor single parent household.24.Stupid25.Write two book reports a week. 高考語文試卷一、語言文字運(yùn)用（15分）1在下面一段話的空缺處依次填入詞語，最恰當(dāng)?shù)囊唤M是（3分）提到桃花源，許多人會(huì)聯(lián)想到瓦爾登湖。真實(shí)的瓦爾登湖，早已成為 的觀光勝地，梭羅的小木屋前也經(jīng)常聚集著 的游客，不復(fù)有隱居之地的氣息。然而虛構(gòu)的桃花源一直就在我們的心中，哪怕 在人潮洶涌的現(xiàn)代城市，也可以獲得心靈的寧靜。A名聞遐邇 聞風(fēng)而至 雜居 B名噪一時(shí) 聞風(fēng)而至

42、 棲居C名噪一時(shí) 紛至沓來 雜居 D名聞遐邇 紛至沓來 棲居2在下面一段文字橫線處填入語句，銜接最恰當(dāng)?shù)囊豁?xiàng)是（3分）在南方，芭蕉栽植容易，幾乎四季常青。 至于月映蕉影、雪壓殘葉，那更是詩人畫家所向往的了。它覆蓋面積大，吸收熱量大，葉子濕度大。古人在走廊或書房邊種上芭蕉，稱為蕉廊、蕉房，饒有詩意。因此蕉陰之下，是最舒適的小坐閑談之處。在旁邊配上幾竿竹，點(diǎn)上一塊石，真像一幅元人的小景。在夏日是清涼世界，在秋天是分綠上窗。小雨乍到，點(diǎn)滴醒人；斜陽初過，青翠照眼。A BC D3下列詩句與“憫農(nóng)館”里展示的勞動(dòng)場景，對應(yīng)全部正確的一項(xiàng)是（3分）笑歌聲里輕雷動(dòng)，一夜連枷響到明種密移疏綠毯平，行間清淺縠紋

43、生分疇翠浪走云陣，刺水綠針抽稻芽陰陰阡陌桑麻暗，軋軋房櫳機(jī)杼鳴A織布插秧車水打稻 B織布車水插秧打稻C打稻插秧車水織布 D打稻車水插秧織布4閱讀下圖，對VR（即“虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)”）技術(shù)的解說不正確的是一項(xiàng)是（3分）AVR技術(shù)能提供三個(gè)維度的體驗(yàn)：知覺體驗(yàn)、行為體驗(yàn)和精神體驗(yàn)。 B現(xiàn)有的VR技術(shù)在精神體驗(yàn)上發(fā)展較快，而在知覺體驗(yàn)上發(fā)展較慢。CVR技術(shù)的未來方向是知覺體驗(yàn)、行為體驗(yàn)和精神體驗(yàn)的均衡發(fā)展。 D期許的VR體驗(yàn)將極大提高行為體驗(yàn)的自由度和精神體驗(yàn)的滿意度。二、文言文閱讀（20分）閱讀下面的文言文，完成58題。臨川湯先生傳鄒迪光先生名顯祖，字義仍，別號若士。豫章之臨川人。生而穎異不群。體玉立，眉

44、目朗秀。見者嘖嘖曰：“湯氏寧馨兒。”五歲能屬對。試之即應(yīng)，又試之又應(yīng)，立課數(shù)對無難色。十三歲，就督學(xué)公試，補(bǔ)邑弟子員。每試必雄其曹偶。庚午舉于鄉(xiāng)，年猶弱冠耳。見者益復(fù)嘖嘖曰：“此兒汗血，可致千里，非僅僅蹀躞康莊也者?！倍〕髸?huì)試，江陵公屬其私人啖以巍甲而不應(yīng)。曰：“吾不敢從處女子失身也。”公雖一老孝廉乎，而名益鵲起，海內(nèi)之人益以得望見湯先生為幸。至癸未舉進(jìn)士，而江陵物故矣。諸所為附薰炙者，骎且澌沒矣。公乃自嘆曰：“假令予以依附起，不以依附敗乎？”而時(shí)相蒲州、蘇州兩公，其子皆中進(jìn)士，皆公同門友也。意欲要之入幕，酬以館選，而公率不應(yīng)，亦如其所以拒江陵時(shí)者。以樂留都山川，乞得南太常博士。至則閉門距躍，

45、絕不懷半刺津上。擲書萬卷，作蠹魚其中。每至丙夜，聲瑯瑯不輟。家人笑之：“老博士何以書為？”曰：“吾讀吾書，不問博士與不博士也?！睂ひ圆┦哭D(zhuǎn)南祠部郎。部雖無所事事，而公奉職毖慎，謂兩政府進(jìn)私人而塞言者路，抗疏論之，謫粵之徐聞尉。居久之，轉(zhuǎn)遂昌令。又以礦稅事多所蹠戾，計(jì)偕之日，便向吏部堂告歸。雖主爵留之，典選留之，御史大夫留之，而公浩然長往，神武之冠竟不可挽矣。居家，中丞惠文，郡國守令以下，干旄往往充斥巷左，而多不延接。即有時(shí)事，非公憤不及齒頰。人勸之請托，曰：“吾不能以面皮口舌博錢刀，為所不知后人計(jì)。”指床上書示之：“有此不貧矣。”公于書無所不讀，而尤攻文選一書，到掩卷而誦，不訛只字。于詩若文無

46、所不比擬，而尤精西京六朝青蓮少陵氏。公又以其緒余為傳奇，若紫簫、還魂諸劇，實(shí)駕元人而上。每譜一曲，令小史當(dāng)歌，而自為之和，聲振寥廓。識(shí)者謂神仙中人云。公與予約游具區(qū)靈巖虎丘諸山川，而不能辦三月糧，逡巡中輟。然不自言貧，人亦不盡知公貧。公非自信其心者耶？予雖為之執(zhí)鞭，所忻慕焉。（選自湯顯祖詩文集附錄，有刪節(jié)）注江陵公：指時(shí)相張居正，其為江陵人。蹠戾：乖舛，謬誤。5對下列加點(diǎn)詞的解釋，不正確的一項(xiàng)是（3分）A每試必雄其曹偶 雄：稱雄B酬以館選 酬：應(yīng)酬C以樂留都山川 樂：喜愛D為所不知后人計(jì)計(jì)：考慮6下列對原文有關(guān)內(nèi)容的概括和分析，不正確的一項(xiàng)是（3分）A湯顯祖持身端潔，拒絕了時(shí)相張居正的利誘，海

47、內(nèi)士人都以結(jié)識(shí)他為榮幸。B因?yàn)樯蠒u當(dāng)權(quán)者徇私情、塞言路，湯顯祖被貶官至廣東，做了徐聞尉。C湯顯祖辭官回家后，當(dāng)?shù)毓賳T爭相與他交往，而湯顯祖不為私事開口求人。D湯顯祖與鄒迪光相約三月份到江南一帶游玩，但沒準(zhǔn)備好糧食，因而作罷。7把文中畫線的句子翻譯成現(xiàn)代漢語。（10分）（1）見者益復(fù)嘖嘖曰：“此兒汗血，可致千里，非僅僅蹀躞康莊也者?！保?）然不自言貧，人亦不盡知公貧。公非自信其心者耶？予雖為之執(zhí)鞭，所忻慕焉。8請簡要概括湯顯祖讀書為文的特點(diǎn)。（4分）三、古詩詞鑒賞（11分）閱讀下面這首唐詩，完成910題。學(xué)諸進(jìn)士作精衛(wèi)銜石填海韓 愈鳥有償冤者，終年抱寸誠?？阢暽绞?xì)，心望海波平。渺渺功難見，

48、區(qū)區(qū)命已輕。人皆譏造次，我獨(dú)賞專精。豈計(jì)休無日，惟應(yīng)盡此生。何慚刺客傳，不著報(bào)讎名。9本讀前六句是怎樣運(yùn)用對比手法勾勒精衛(wèi)形象的？請簡要分析。(6分)10詩歌后六句表達(dá)了作者什么樣的人生態(tài)度？（5分）四、名句名篇默寫（8分）11補(bǔ)寫出下列名句名篇中的空缺部分。（1）名余曰正則兮，_。（屈原離騷）（2）_，善假于物也。（荀子勸學(xué)）（3）艱難苦恨繁霜鬢，_。（杜甫登高）（4）樹林陰翳，_，游人去而禽鳥樂也。（歐陽修醉翁亭記）（5）_，抱明月而長終。（蘇軾赤壁賦）（6）浩蕩離愁白日斜，_。（龔自珍己亥雜詩）（7）道之以德，_，有恥且格。（論語·為政）（8）蓋文章，經(jīng)國之大業(yè)，_。（曹丕典論

49、·論文）五、現(xiàn)代文閱讀（一）（15分）閱讀下面的作品，完成1214題。表 妹林斤瀾矮凳橋街背后是溪灘，那灘上鋪滿了大的碎石，開闊到叫人覺著是不毛之地。幸好有一條溪，時(shí)寬時(shí)窄，自由自在穿過石頭灘，帶來水草野樹，帶來生命的歡喜。灘上走過來兩個(gè)女人，一前一后，前邊的挎著個(gè)竹籃子，簡直有搖籃般大，里面是衣服，很有點(diǎn)分量，一路拱著腰身，支撐著籃底。后邊的女人空著兩手，幾次伸手前來幫忙，前邊的不讓。前邊的女人看來四十往里，后邊的四十以外。前邊的女人不走現(xiàn)成的小路，從石頭灘上斜插過去，走到一個(gè)石頭圈起來的水潭邊，把竹籃里的東西一下子控在水里，全身輕松了，透出來一口長氣，望著后邊的。后邊的走不慣石頭

50、灘，盯著腳下，挑著下腳的地方。前邊的說：“這里比屋里清靜，出來走走，說說話再呢，我要把這些東西洗出來，也就不客氣了?！闭f著就蹲下來，抓過一團(tuán)按在早鋪平好了的石板上，拿起棒槌捶打起來，真是擦把汗的工夫也節(jié)約了?？雌饋砗筮叺氖强腿耍D(zhuǎn)著身于看這個(gè)新鮮的地方，有一句沒一句地應(yīng)著：“水倒是清的，碧清的樹也陰涼石頭要是走慣了，也好走”“不好走，一到下雨天你走走看，只怕?lián)鷶嗔四_筋。哪有你們城里的馬路好走。”“下雨天也洗衣服?”“一下天呢，二十天呢。就是三十天不洗也不行。嗐，現(xiàn)在一天是一天的事情，真是日日清，月月結(jié)。”客人隨即稱贊：“你真能干，三表妹，沒想到你有這么大本事，天天洗這么多?！敝魅宋⑽⑿χ掷?/p>

51、捶捶打打，嘴里喜喜歡歡的：事情多著呢。只有晚上吃頓熱的，別的兩頓都是馬馬虎虎。本來還要帶子，現(xiàn)在托給人家。不過洗完衣服，還要踏縫紉機(jī)。”客人其實(shí)是個(gè)做活的能手，又做飯又帶孩子又洗衣服這樣的日子都過過?，F(xiàn)在做客人看著人家做活，兩只手就不知道放在哪里好。把左手搭在樹杈上，右手背在背后，都要用點(diǎn)力才在那里閑得住。不覺感慨起來： “也難為你，也虧得是你，想想你在家里的時(shí)候，比我還自在呢。”主人放下棒槌，兩手一刻不停地揉搓起來：“做做也就習(xí)慣了。不過，真的，做慣了空起兩只手來，反倒沒有地方好放。鄉(xiāng)下地方，又沒有什么好玩的，不比城里?！笨腿诵睦镉行┟埽蛯W(xué)點(diǎn)見過世面的派頭，給人家看，也壓壓自己的煩惱：“

52、說的是，”右手更加用力貼在后腰上，“空著兩只手不也沒地方放嘛。城里好玩是好玩，誰還成天地玩呢。城里住長久了，一下鄉(xiāng)，空氣真就好，這個(gè)新鮮空氣，千金難買?！眴慰淇諝?，好比一個(gè)姑娘沒有什么好夸的，單夸她的頭發(fā)。主人插嘴問道：“你那里工資好好吧？”提起工資，客人是有優(yōu)越感的，卻偏偏埋怨道：“餓不死吃不飽就是了，連獎(jiǎng)金帶零碎也有七八十塊。”“那是做多做少照樣拿呀！”“還吃著大鍋飯?！薄安蛔霾蛔鲆材昧呤桑俊薄拌F飯碗！”客人差不多叫出來，她得意。主人不住手地揉搓，也微微笑著。客人倒打起“抱不平”來：“你好脾氣，要是我，氣也氣死了，做多做少什么也不拿?！薄按蟊斫悖覀円哺愠邪?。我們家庭婦女洗衣店，給旅

53、店洗床單，給工廠洗工作服都洗不過來?！薄澳且粋€(gè)月能拿多少呢？”客人問得急點(diǎn)。主人不忙正面回答，笑道：“還要苦干個(gè)把月，洗衣機(jī)買是買來了，還沒有安裝。等安裝好了，有時(shí)間多踏點(diǎn)縫紉機(jī)，還可以翻一番呢！”“翻一番是多少？”客人急得不知道轉(zhuǎn)彎。主人停止揉搓，去抓棒槌，這功夫，伸了伸兩個(gè)手指頭?？腿说哪X筋飛快轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)：這兩個(gè)手指頭當(dāng)然不會(huì)是二十，那么是二百聽著都嚇得心跳，那頂哪一級干部了？廠長？回過頭來說道：“還是你們不封頂好，多勞多得嘛?！薄安贿^也不保底呀，不要打算懶懶散散混日子?！笨腿藘刹綋溥^來，蹲下來抓過一堆衣服，主人不讓，客人已經(jīng)揉搓起來了，一邊說：“懶懶散散，兩只手一懶，骨頭都要散鄉(xiāng)下地方比城里好

54、，空氣第一新鮮，水也碧清三表妹，等你大侄女中學(xué)一畢業(yè)，叫她頂替我上班，我就退下來我到鄉(xiāng)下來享幾年福，你看怎么樣？”（選自十月1984年第6期，有刪改）12 下列對小說相關(guān)內(nèi)容和藝術(shù)特色的賞析，不正確的一項(xiàng)是？A小說開頭的景物描寫，以自由流動(dòng)的溪水所帶來的“水草野樹”以級“生命的歡喜”，暗示著農(nóng)村的新氣象。B小說中“一路拱著腰身”等動(dòng)作描寫，以及“真是日日清，月月結(jié)”等語言描寫，為下文表妹承包洗衣服這件事做了鋪墊。C表姐兩次提到鄉(xiāng)下空氣“新鮮”，第一次是出于客套，第二次提到時(shí)，表姐對農(nóng)村的好已有了更多體會(huì)。D表妹說的“不要打算懶懶散散混日子”，既表達(dá)了自己對生活的態(tài)度，也流露出對自己得不到休息的

55、些許不滿。13 請簡要分析表姐這一人物形象。（6分）14 小說刻畫了兩個(gè)人物，作者以“表妹”為題，表達(dá)了哪些思想感情？（6分）六、現(xiàn)代文閱讀（二）（12分）閱讀下面的作品，完成1517題。書家和善書者沈尹默“古之善書者，往往不知筆法。”前人是這樣說過。就寫字的初期來說，這句話，是可以理解的，正同音韻一樣，四聲清濁，是不能為晉宋以前的文人所熟悉的，他們作文，只求口吻調(diào)利而已。筆法不是某一個(gè)人憑空創(chuàng)造出來的，而是由寫字的人們逐漸地在寫字的點(diǎn)畫過程中，發(fā)現(xiàn)了它，因而很好地去認(rèn)真利用它，彼此傳授，成為一定必守的規(guī)律。由此可知，書家和非書家的區(qū)別，在初期是不會(huì)有的。寫字發(fā)展到相當(dāng)興盛之后（尤其到唐代），

56、愛好寫字的人們，一天比一天多了起來，就產(chǎn)生出一批好奇立異、相信自己、不大愿意守法的人，各人使用各人的手法，各人創(chuàng)立各人所愿意的規(guī)則。凡是人為的規(guī)則，它本身與實(shí)際必然不能十分相切合，因而它是空洞的、缺少生命力的，因而也就不會(huì)具有普遍的、永久的活動(dòng)性，因而也就不可能使人人都滿意地沿用著它而發(fā)生效力。在這里，自然而然地便有書家和非書家的分別了。有天分、有休養(yǎng)的人們，往往依他自己的手法，也可能寫出一筆可看的字，但是詳細(xì)監(jiān)察一下它的點(diǎn)畫，有時(shí)與筆法偶然暗合，有時(shí)則不然，尤其是不能各種皆工。既是這樣，我們自然無法以書家看待他們，至多只能稱之為善書者。講到書家，那就得精通八法，無論是端楷，或者是行草，他的點(diǎn)

57、畫使轉(zhuǎn)，處處皆須合法，不能四號茍且從事，你只要看一看二王、歐、虞、褚、顏諸家遺留下來的成績，就可以明白的。如果拿書和畫來相比著看，書家的書，就好比精通六法的畫師的畫；善書者的書，就好比文人的寫意畫，也有它的風(fēng)致可愛處，但不能學(xué)，只能參觀，以博其趣。其實(shí)這也是寫字發(fā)展過程中，不可避免的現(xiàn)象。六朝及唐人寫經(jīng)，風(fēng)格雖不甚高，但是點(diǎn)畫不失法度，它自成為一種經(jīng)生體，比之后代善書者的字體，要嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)枚唷Ｋ未奶K東坡，大家都承認(rèn)他是個(gè)書家，但他因天分過高，放任不羈，執(zhí)筆單鉤，已為當(dāng)時(shí)所非議。他自己曾經(jīng)說過：“我書意造本無法?！秉S山谷也嘗說他“往往有意到筆不到處”。就這一點(diǎn)來看，他又是一個(gè)道地的不拘拘于法度的善書的典型人物，因而成為后來學(xué)書人不須要講究筆法的借口。我們要知道，沒有過人的天分，就想從東坡的意造入手，那是毫無成就可期的。我嘗看見東坡畫的枯樹竹石橫幅，十分外行，但極有天趣，米元章在后邊題了一首詩，頗有相互發(fā)揮之妙。這為文人大開了一個(gè)方便之門，也因此把守法度的好習(xí)慣破壞無遺。自元以來，書畫都江河日下，到了明清兩代，可看的書畫就越來越少了。一個(gè)人一味地從心所