unit3必修三語(yǔ)法綜述

1、Name Class Number必修三 Unit3名詞性從句-賓語(yǔ)從句和表語(yǔ)從句導(dǎo)學(xué)案學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)【Learning goals1學(xué)習(xí)賓語(yǔ)從句和表語(yǔ)從句的基本知識(shí)。2掌握及運(yùn)用引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句和表語(yǔ)從句的連接詞、連接代詞和連接副詞的基本用法。第一部分賓語(yǔ)從句一、賓語(yǔ)從句的定義。賓語(yǔ)(object):句中受動(dòng)詞或者介詞支配的部分叫做賓語(yǔ)。請(qǐng)找出下 列句子的賓語(yǔ)。1. He is fond of rock music.此句的賓語(yǔ)是 rock music,是名 詞作為賓語(yǔ)。2. None of us likes him.此句的賓語(yǔ)是 是 詞作為賓語(yǔ)。3. If you add 5 to 5, you ge

2、t 10.此句的賓語(yǔ)是 是 詞作為賓語(yǔ)。4. We should help the poor.此句的賓語(yǔ)是 是:同作為賓語(yǔ)。5. Does she really want to leave home?句的賓語(yǔ)是 是作為賓語(yǔ)。6. We do not allow smoking in the kitchen.此句的賓語(yǔ)是 是 詞作為賓語(yǔ)。7. . Do you understand what I mean?你明白我的意思嗎？此句的賓語(yǔ)是是作為賓語(yǔ).8. He told me that he would go to the college the next year.他告訴我他明年上大學(xué).此句的直

3、接賓語(yǔ)是星作為賓語(yǔ)。歸納：1.能作為賓語(yǔ)的有：1)洛詞2).類似名詞的代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞化的形容詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、句子。2.賓語(yǔ)從句：在復(fù)合句中作主句賓語(yǔ)的句子叫賓語(yǔ)從句。二、賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。1 .)連接詞主要有that, if, whether其中that無(wú)詞義，不充當(dāng)句子成分。if/whether有的意義，也不充當(dāng)句子成分。2 .)連接代詞who,whom,whose,what,which,有詞義，在從句中充當(dāng)句子的成分。3 .)連接副詞when,where,why, how等，有詞義，在從句中充當(dāng)句子的成分。1 .連接詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。We all expect (that )

4、 they will win, for members of their team are stronger.此句的引導(dǎo)詞是 2賓語(yǔ)是翻譯：He told us (that) they would help us through the whole work.此句的引導(dǎo)詞是 2賓語(yǔ)是翻譯：歸納：連接詞that引導(dǎo)表示(陳述句/疑問(wèn)句)的賓語(yǔ)從句，在很多動(dòng)詞 如 say, think, wish , hope, see, believe, agree, expect, hear , feel動(dòng)詞后。that 只起連接作用, 在從句中不做句子的成分，也無(wú)詞匯意義，在口語(yǔ)中常被省略，但在大多數(shù)情況下

5、還是以 不省為好，特別是在書(shū)面語(yǔ)中。注意：但如果含有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的并列賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，通常只有第一個(gè)從句的that可以省略，其余從句的that不能省略。如：My uncle said that he would come and that he would also bring his son.此八中哪一個(gè)that可以??？哪一個(gè)不可以？ 翻譯：2 .連接詞if和whether引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。1) whether.or nofH導(dǎo)表示 是否”的一般疑問(wèn)句的賓語(yǔ)從句。 Whether, if在從句中不做句 子的成分，一般情況下，whethe附if可以替換。(1) I don ' t know

6、 if there will be a bus any more.此句的引導(dǎo)詞是 2賓語(yǔ)是翻譯：(2) Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam.此句的引導(dǎo)詞是 2賓語(yǔ)是翻譯：2)注意：以下三種情況只能用whether:(1) 在不定式前： Whether to go there or not has' been decided.(2) 在介詞后：It depends on whether it is going to rain.(3) 與 or not 連用：I wonder whether or not he has arrived at

7、 the destination.3)請(qǐng)判斷以下句子用if還是whether,還是兩者都能用。(1) I don ' t know the movie star will come or not.(2) I don ' t know he will come tomorrow.(3) Everything depends on we have enough money(4) The teacher asked we had finished the experiment.(5) to go there or not hasn ' t been decided.3. 連接

8、代詞 主要有 who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whomever, whosever, whatever, whichever等。各有自己的意義，在從句中充當(dāng)句子的成分。例如：1) Do you know who has won Red Alert game?此句的賓語(yǔ)是引導(dǎo)詞是,在從句中作。翻譯：2) The book will show you what the best CEO should know.此句的賓語(yǔ)是引導(dǎo)詞是,在從句中作。翻譯：3) The teacher asked the new students which class h

9、e was in.此句的賓語(yǔ)是引導(dǎo)詞是,在從句中作。翻譯：4. 連接副詞主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,howev掰.在從句中充當(dāng)句子的成分，各有自己的意義。例如：1) He didn ' t tell me when we should meet again.此句的賓語(yǔ)是引導(dǎo)詞是,在從句中作。翻譯：2) Could you please tell me how you use the new panel此句的賓語(yǔ)是引導(dǎo)詞是,在從句中作。翻譯：3) None of us knows where these new parts can be

10、 bought.此句的賓語(yǔ)是引導(dǎo)詞是,在從句中作。翻譯：三.語(yǔ)序：賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序必須是 陳述語(yǔ)序,即連接詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+其他成分。例：1) I believe that they will come soon.2) He asked me whether I was a teacher.四.時(shí)態(tài)1 .賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)受主句的限制，即：1)主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句根據(jù)實(shí)際情況可用任何一種時(shí)態(tài)；2)主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，從句用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài)。例 ：(1)She says that she is a student.She said that she was a student.(2)She says

11、 that she will fly to Japan in a week.She said that she would fly to Japan in a week.(3)She says that she has finished her homework already.She said that she had finished her homework already.(4)She says that she can sing a song in English.She said that she could sing a song in English.2 .如果賓語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)的是客

12、觀真理、自然現(xiàn)象或事實(shí)時(shí)，不管主句用什么時(shí)態(tài)，賓語(yǔ)從句都要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。例：(1)The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.(2)He told me that Japan is an island country.注意：Could you tell me是用來(lái)征詢對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)，語(yǔ)氣委婉，并不表示過(guò)去。例：Could you tell me when we will visit the History Museum?五.人稱1由直接引語(yǔ)變成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，要注意人稱的變化。例：(1)She said: "I have been

13、to England before'.She said that she had been to England before.(2)She asked me: "Do you like maths?”She asked me if I liked maths.2.賓語(yǔ)從句與簡(jiǎn)單句的交換。由連接代詞和連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，如果賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)和主句的主語(yǔ)是同一個(gè)人時(shí)，可以用疑問(wèn)詞+不定式”做賓語(yǔ)的簡(jiǎn)單句結(jié)構(gòu)。例：(1)I don ' t know what I should do neXtdon' t know what to do next.(2)He di

14、dn，t know where he would live.六.如果賓語(yǔ)從句后有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，用it作形式賓語(yǔ)，把賓語(yǔ)從句后置.例如:You may think it strange that he would live there賓語(yǔ)從句練習(xí)題I 從下列A 、 B、 C、 D 中選擇一個(gè)正確選項(xiàng)填空。（） 1. I don't know he will come tomorrow. he comes, I'll tell youA. if; Whether B. whether; Whether C. if; That D. if; If（） 2. I don't kn

15、ow the day after tomorrow.A. when does he come B. how will he come C. if he comes D. whether he'll come（） 3. Could you tell me the nearest hospital is?A. whatB. howC. whether D. where（） 4. Could you tell me the radio without any help?A. how did he mend B. what did he mend C. how he mended D. wha

16、t he mended （） 5. I want to know .A. whom is she looking afterB. whom she is lookingC. whom is she lookingD. whom she is looking after（） 6. Do you know where now?A. he lives B. does he live C. he lived D. did he live（） 7. Do you know what time ?A. the train leave B. does the train leave C. will the

17、train leave D. the train leaves （） 8. I don't know . Can you tell me, please?A. how the two players are old B. how old are the two playersC. the two players are how old D. how old the two players are（） 9. The small children don't know .A. what is their stockings in B. what is in their stocki

18、ngsC. where is their stockings in D. what in their stockings（） 10. I can't understand .A. what does Christmas mean B. what Christmas does meanC. what mean Christmas does D. what Christmas meansII. 按要求轉(zhuǎn)換句型。1. Does Mr. Brown enjoy living in China? Could you tell us? （合并為復(fù)合句）f Could you tell us Mr.

19、 Brown living in China?2. "Does the girl need any help? ” he（askedimelil®）fHe asked me the girl some hel p3. Jim is not a student. Tom is not a student, eithe r（合并為簡(jiǎn)單句） Jim Tom is a student.4. When does the train leave? I want to know.（改為含賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合旬）I want to know the train .5. They went hom

20、e after they had finished their homework. 用（ notuntil 改寫(xiě)為同義句 ）They go home they had finished their homewor k6. Did Peter come here yesterday? Li Lei wants to know.改為含賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合旬） Li Lei wants to know Peter here yesterday.第二部分 表語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中擔(dān)任表語(yǔ)的從句叫表語(yǔ)從句。表語(yǔ)從句放在連系動(dòng)詞之后，使用陳述語(yǔ)序。一、引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的詞：1）連接詞： that, whether, be

21、cause, as if2） 連接代詞： who, whom, whose, what, which, whatever3）連接副詞：where， when, how, why1、 that 引導(dǎo)陳述句， 只起連接作用，其本身無(wú)意義，在口語(yǔ)或非正式英語(yǔ)中可以省。例：（ 1） The fact is that Bill has known it.此句的表語(yǔ)是引導(dǎo)詞是_ 翻譯： （ 2） The trouble is （that） I have lost his address.此句的表語(yǔ)是引導(dǎo)詞是_ 翻譯： （ 3） My suggestion is that he （should） turn

22、the land into rice field.此句的表語(yǔ)是引導(dǎo)詞是_ 翻譯： 2、 whether 引導(dǎo)一般疑問(wèn)句、選擇疑問(wèn)句和反義疑問(wèn)句， 意思是“是否” 。例如：（ 1） The question is whether we will go for an outing tomorrow.此句的表語(yǔ)是引導(dǎo)詞是_ 翻譯： （ 2） My question is whether he left（ or not） 。此句的表語(yǔ)是引導(dǎo)詞是_ 翻譯： （ 3） The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short

23、time.此句的表語(yǔ)是引導(dǎo)詞是_ 翻譯： 3、 as, as if/though。（ 1） She looks as if she were the mother of the orphons.此句的表語(yǔ)是翻譯： （ 2） Things are not as they seemed to be.此句的表語(yǔ)是翻譯： （ 3） He looked just as if he had looked ten years before.此句的表語(yǔ)是翻譯： 4、because,意思是“因?yàn)椤保?1） It's just because he doesn't know her.此句的表語(yǔ)是翻

24、譯： （ 2） That s because he was ill.此句的表語(yǔ)是翻譯： （ 3） It was because he didn't pass the exam.此句的表語(yǔ)是翻譯：5、who, whom, which, whose, where, when, why, ho導(dǎo)弓I導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句。(1) The problem is who we can get to replace her.此句的表語(yǔ)是 I導(dǎo)詞是在從句中作翻譯：(2) What we looking into is what caused the accident .此句的表語(yǔ)是 I導(dǎo)詞是在從句中作翻譯：(

25、3) A question worth attention is how we can stop pollution.此句的表語(yǔ)是 I導(dǎo)詞是在從句中作翻譯：(4) That is why he didn't come here.此句的表語(yǔ)是 I導(dǎo)詞是在從句中作翻譯：二、帶表語(yǔ)從句的系動(dòng)詞可接表語(yǔ)從句的連系動(dòng)詞除 be外，常見(jiàn)的有：look, seem, sound, appear, remain,等。例：(1) The question remains whether they will be able to help us.此句的表語(yǔ)是翻譯：(2) At that time , it

26、 seemed as if I couldn't think of the right word.此句的表語(yǔ)是翻譯：三、要注意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題1、比較：That's because強(qiáng)調(diào)原因；That's why強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果。例如：(1) That's because he didn't understand me.此句的表語(yǔ)是翻譯：(2) This is why we can ' t get the support of the people此句的表語(yǔ)是翻譯：(3) That's why he got angry with me.此句的表語(yǔ)是翻譯：

27、2 .名詞reason作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，表語(yǔ)從句用that而不用because； why引導(dǎo)，例如：. The reason why I was sad was that he didn't understand me.我難過(guò)的原因就是他不理解我。3 2) The reason why he is late for school is that he missed the early bus!上學(xué)遲至U 的原因就是 他誤了早班車。3、what和that在表語(yǔ)從句中的區(qū)別what除了充當(dāng)引導(dǎo)詞外還在從句中充當(dāng)成分，其意義相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞加that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從旬(something that );

28、that只起連接作用，不充當(dāng)句子成分。例如：(1) That was what we wanted to know.那是他想要知道的(2) It seems to me that we should answer for this在我看來(lái)，我們似乎應(yīng)該對(duì)此事負(fù)責(zé)。(3) It seems to be what we should answer fo好像這就是我們要負(fù)責(zé)的事。4、只能使用whether引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從何，意為“是否”，不能用if引導(dǎo)。5、使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的表語(yǔ)從句在表示建議、勸告、命令等含義的名詞后的表語(yǔ)從何，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需用“ should+動(dòng)詞原形” 表示，should 可省略。常見(jiàn)的詞有

29、： advice , suggestion , order , proposal , plan , idea , request, requirement, demand, recommendation, wish, 等。例如： My suggestion is that she (should ) start early tomorrow.我的建議是她明天一早就出發(fā)。表語(yǔ)從句練習(xí)題一選擇題：( )1. The question is we will have our sports meet next week.A. that B. ifC. when D. whether( )2. The

30、reason why he failed is he was too careless.A. because B. that C. for D. because of( )3. Go and get your coat. It ' s you left itA. where B. thereC. there where D. where there()4. The problem is to take the place of TedA. who can we get B. what we can get C. who we can get D. that we can get ()5

31、. What I want to know is he likes the gift given by us.A. that B. if C. whether D.不填()6. The reason is I missed the bus.A. that B. when C. why D. what()7. That is we were late last time.A. that B. when C. why D. what()8. She looked she were ten years younger.A. that B. like C. as D. as though()9.I f

32、eel sick!-I think it is you are doing too much.A. why B. when C. what D. because()10. The reason why he hasrt come is.A. because his mother is 川 B. because of his mother ' s being 川 C. that his mother is 川D. for his mother is ill()11. He was born here.-That is he likes the place so much.A. thatB

33、. what C. whyD. how()12.That is Lu Xun once lived.A. whatB. where C. that D. why二.that/what的區(qū)另1J()1. your father wants to know is getting on with your studies.A. What; how are you B. That; how you are C. How； that you are D. What; how you are ()2. The trouble is we are short of tools.A. what B. that

34、 C. how D. why that()3. America was was first caed “India “ by Columbus.A. what B. where C. the place D. there where()4. China is becoming stronger and stronger. It is no longer.A. what it used to be B. what it was used to beingC. what it used to being D. what it was used to be（） 5. he really means

35、is he disagrees with us.A. What that B. That what C. What what D. That what（） 6. The energy is makes the cells able to do their work.A. that B. which C. what D. such三 【高考鏈接】從A 、 B、 C、 D 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。（ ） 1. It is not always easy for the public to see use a new invention can be of tohuman life

36、. （重慶 ） A. whoseB. whatC. whichD. that（ ） 2. His writing is so confusing that it s dmifafikceulot utot it is he is trying toexpress. （安徽 ） A. thatB. howC. whoD. what（ ）3.The shocking news made me realize terrible problems we would face.（京）A. whatB. howC. thatD. why（） 4. I m afraid he s more of a talker than