英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)8種基本時(shí)態(tài)講解完善版

1、英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)8種基本時(shí)態(tài)講解1 .概念：英語(yǔ)中表示不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，需用不同的動(dòng)詞形式表示，這種不同的動(dòng)詞形式稱(chēng)為時(shí)態(tài)。2 .種類(lèi)：（基本時(shí)態(tài)）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)3 .用法：1 . 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1） 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)及客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)和普遍真理。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)常以動(dòng)詞原形表示，但當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞詞尾加-s或-es2）句型結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+V .（包括be動(dòng)詞）+賓語(yǔ)+She is an engineer.He has breakfast at 6:00every day.3）注意：a） 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)通常與

2、always , often , usually , every day , sometimes , once aweek等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。I always watch TV at 8:00 in the evening .They go home once a week .We usually do our homework at home .b）表客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)或普遍真理。The sun always rises in the east .The light travels faster than the sound .c）表永遠(yuǎn)性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。He lives in the country .4

3、）第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)變化形式。a） 一般情況動(dòng)詞在詞尾加-s .come-comes speak-speaks work-works live-livesb）以o, s, x, ch, sh結(jié)尾的單詞在詞后加-es.do-does go-goes finish-finishes brush-brushesfix-fixes pass-passes watch-watchesc）以“輔音字母+ y”結(jié)尾的單詞變y為i加-es.Study-studies carry-carries cry-criesd）以“元音字母+ y”結(jié)尾的單詞直接加-s.pl ay-plays st ay-stays例句：我們每

4、天晚上九點(diǎn)做作業(yè)我在早上七點(diǎn)半起床。他每天七點(diǎn)去上班。我們經(jīng)常下午打籃球。他喜歡音樂(lè)。地球圍繞太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。火車(chē)六點(diǎn)出發(fā)。5)否定句和疑問(wèn)句。a)He is an engineer.He isn ' t an engineer.Is he an engineer?Yes, he is ./ No, he isn' t.b)-We get up at 7:30 in the morning .We don ' t get up at 7:30 in the morning .Do you get up at 7:30 in the morning ?Yes, we do. /

5、No, we don ' t.c)He likes music.He doesn ' t like music.Does he like music?Yes ,he does./ No, he doesn ' t .2. 一般過(guò)去同"1) 一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示發(fā)生在過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，通常與表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) yesterday, last night ,some years ago, in 1990,in those days.等連用。I was a student 6years ago.I went to Beijing last year.They saw

6、 a film last night .2)句型結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+V .過(guò)去時(shí)+賓語(yǔ)+例句：昨天他很忙。去年他抽煙了。兩年前他去參軍了。他在1990年去世了。3)否定句和疑問(wèn)句。a)-He was busy yesterday.He wasn ' t busy.Was he busy?Yes, he was./ No, he wasn ' t.b)-He smoked last year.He didn' t smoke last year.Did he smoke last year?Yes ,he did ./No ,he didn ' t.c)-He joine

7、d the army in 1990.He didn' t joined the army in 1990.Did he join the army in 1990?Yes ,he did ./No ,he didn ' t.4)動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式變化規(guī)則。a) 一般情況下的詞加-ed.work-worked call-called laughlaughedExplain-explained finish-finished knockknockedb)以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的單詞直接加-d .live-lived changechanged smoke-smoked diediedgra

8、duategraduated drivedrovec)以“輔音字母+ y”結(jié)尾的單詞，變y為i加-ed.studystudied carry-carried cry-criedtry-tried marry-marriedd)以“元音字母+ y”結(jié)尾的單詞直接加-ed.playplayed staystayede)以“一個(gè)元音字母+一個(gè)輔音字母”結(jié)尾的單詞應(yīng)先雙寫(xiě)這個(gè)輔音字母然后再加 -ed.stop-stopped plan-planned pat-pattedf)動(dòng)詞不規(guī)則變化：do-did go-went come-came run-ran write-wrotebegin-began

9、drinkdrank keep-kept leaveleft sleep-sleptmake-made lie-lay dig-dug eat-ate know-knewcut-cut set-set let-let read-read hurt-hurt例句：我前天拿走了這本書(shū)。去年我買(mǎi)了一輛自行車(chē)。每天晚上我聽(tīng)音樂(lè)。她通常待在家里。兩天前我完成了這項(xiàng)工作。復(fù)習(xí)：1) I (be) a teacher 2 years ago.2) He (be) a student now.3) He (do) his homework at home every day.4) They (join) th

10、e Party in 1998.5) We (not eat) apples yesterday.6) We (not play) basketball every day.7) He (not go ) home once a week.8) I am 16 years old.(劃線(xiàn)部分提問(wèn))9) I go to work at 8:00 every morning.(劃線(xiàn)部分提問(wèn))10) They joined the Party in 1990.( 劃線(xiàn)部分提問(wèn))11) I went to Beijing last year.(劃線(xiàn)部分提問(wèn))3. 一般將來(lái)而"1)表示將來(lái)發(fā)生

11、的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與表將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)tomorrow, the dayafter tomorrow, next Sunday, soon, in a few days等連用。2)句型結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+ will/shall +V.原形+(第一人稱(chēng)用shall )I shall go to Shanghai tomorrow.They will have a meeting next week.She will be 20 years old.-W川 she be 20 years old?Yes, she will./ No, she won ' t .3)主語(yǔ)+ will/shall

12、+V.原形 + be(am, is, are)going toThey will have a meeting next Sunday.(will=are going to )What will they do next Sunday ?When will they have a meeting?4. be about to + V.原形I am about to leave school.不能與表示時(shí)間的副詞連用。They are about to set out.( V)They are about to set out soon.( x )復(fù)習(xí)題：1 .He (do) his homew

13、ork at school every day.2 .They (finish) their work yesterday.3 .We (visit) their farm next year.4 .我半小時(shí)后要吃午飯。5 .他將騎自行車(chē)去學(xué)校。6 .他們下周日將去買(mǎi)汽車(chē)。word版本do - doing read - reading1)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)是立足于過(guò)去某時(shí)，從過(guò)去的觀點(diǎn)看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。主要用于賓語(yǔ)從句中。2)基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ) +would/should was/were going to +V.原形 + He said that he would have a meeting n

14、ext week.(He says that he will nave a meeting next week.)They said we should leave school tomorrow.(They say we shall leave school tomorrow.)5.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)一1)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)在這段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。通常與now, at present等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。2)基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ) +be(am, is, are)+ v-ing +You are listening to me carefully now.She is writing a letter th

15、is year.Look! They are dancing.We are studying English at present .It ' s raining hard now.3)動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成一般動(dòng)詞直接在詞后加-ingwork working think thinkingstudy - studying go - goingwatch - watching jump - jumping以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)先去掉 e然后加-inglike - liking take - takingleave - leaving live - livingreceive- rec

16、eiving dance - dancingcome - coming smoke - smokingwrite - writing以“一個(gè)元音字母+ 一個(gè)輔音字母”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)先雙寫(xiě)這個(gè)輔音字母然后再加-ingstop - stopping begin - beginningdig digging swim swimmingrun - running sit - sitting(注意：listen - listening open - opening eat - eatingrain - raining sleep - sleeping)4)word版本6 .過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)1)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻

17、或某階段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,通常與at 6:00 yesterday, atthis/ that time yesterday, when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)等連用。2 )基本結(jié)構(gòu) 主語(yǔ) +be (was/were) +v- ing +1. It was raining at 7:00 the day before yesterday.2. They were building a reservoir at this time last winter.3. We were reading when the teacher came in.We weren' t reading Were yo

18、u reading What were you doing when the teacher came in.3)例句1.前天那個(gè)時(shí)候Tom正在看電影。2. 上周日四點(diǎn)我們正在游泳。3. 師看見(jiàn)我們時(shí)我們正在玩撲克。4. I(do) my homework yesterday.5. He(do) his homework at 5:00 yesterday.6. He(do) his homework now.7.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1） 1.表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作 對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響2.表示過(guò)去某時(shí)間已經(jīng)開(kāi)始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)by，通常與下列時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用up to now, in the past,

19、 recently,for 5 years, since 1994, so far, already, yet, ever, just2）基本結(jié)構(gòu) 主語(yǔ)+ have/has + P.P（ 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞）1. I ' ve finished this work.2. He has ever been to Australia.3. I have not heard from her recently.4. I have already read this book.Have you read ？Yes, I have. No, I haven ' t.What have you

20、read?3）過(guò)去分詞的構(gòu)成（規(guī)則變化同過(guò)去式的構(gòu)成）不規(guī)則變化如下do did done go went gone eat ate eaten come came come have had had write wrote written be was/were been see saw seen hear heard heard swim swam swum drink drank drunk give gave given forget forgot forgotten take took taken keep kept kept sleep slept slept teach taug

21、ht taughtword版本buy bought bought tell told toldmake made madecut cut cuthurt hurt hurtread read readlet let let4)注意1 .含有終止意義或暫短意義的動(dòng)詞不能與for, since引導(dǎo)的一般時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用(buy, begin, die, come, go , join, leave等)A) I have bought a book.1 have bought a book for 3 day. (wrong)2 have had a book for 3 years.B) He hav

22、e joined the army for 3 years. (wrong)He has been in the army for 3 years.He joined the army 3 years ago.C) He has been dead for 3 years.He died 2 years ago.It is 2 years since he died.He has died for 2 years. (wrong)D) He has gone to Australia.He has been to Australia.2 .現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別(時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別)I(he

23、ar) form her recently / yesterday.3 .例句：他已經(jīng)閱讀了這本書(shū)。我們到目前為止已學(xué)習(xí)了兩千個(gè)單詞。他們居住在中國(guó)三年了。他看這部電影兩次了。Bob自從1997年在這所學(xué)校教學(xué)。8.過(guò)去完成時(shí)1)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，強(qiáng)調(diào)“過(guò)去的過(guò)去” , 常與 by the time, by the end of,before , by 等弓I導(dǎo)時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。也就是用來(lái)表示發(fā)生在過(guò)去的兩個(gè)事件動(dòng)作中哪一個(gè)發(fā)生在前2) 基本結(jié)構(gòu)主語(yǔ)+ had + 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞+When I got to the cinema yesterday the fil

24、m had begun already.昨天當(dāng)我到達(dá)電影院時(shí)電影已經(jīng)開(kāi)始了。He had learned English before he came here.他來(lái)這兒之前已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)英語(yǔ)了。He had aught this class for 3 years by the time I left the school.當(dāng)我離開(kāi)這個(gè)學(xué)校為止他已教這個(gè)班級(jí)三年了。By the end of last term I had learned 2000 English words.到這學(xué)期末我已學(xué)會(huì)了 2000個(gè)英語(yǔ)單詞。注意：had been是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，與段時(shí)間連用；had是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，與點(diǎn)時(shí)間連用。I had been working in london for