人教版新目標(biāo)英語八年級上冊重點短語及句型[1]

1、新目標(biāo)八年級英語上冊Unitl.How often do you exercise?I.重點短語歸納：on weekends 在周末1. go to the movies 去看電影2. look after=take care of 照顧3. surf the internet 上網(wǎng)4. healthy lifestyle 健康的生活方式5. go skateboarding去滑滑板watch TV看電視6. keep healthy=stay healthy = keep in good health保持健康keep +形容詞表保持某種狀態(tài)do some reading 閱讀7. exerc

2、ise= take/do (much) exercise=do sports 鍛煉8. eating habits 飲食習(xí)慣9. take more exercise 做更多的運動10. the same as與什么相同11. once a month 一月一次12. be different from 不同13. twice a week 一周兩次.three times a week 一周三次students.14. make a difference to 對什么有影響As teachers,youmustbelievethat you can make a differenceto t

3、he lives of your身為教師，你們必須堅信你們能夠影響學(xué)生的一生。A false stepwillmakea greatdifference to my future.錯走一步對我的前程來說會產(chǎn)生很大影響。15. how often多久一次，詢問動作發(fā)生的頻率how many times 多少次，用來提問做某事的次數(shù)16. although=though 雖然 < 不能與 but 連用Although he is old, he is quite strong.(He is old, but he is quite strong.)句子中，有although 或though

4、就不可再用but ,但可用yet或still “仍然，還”；有because就不能再用so.17. most of the students=most students 大多數(shù)學(xué)生18. shop=go shopping=do some shopping 購物19. as for 至于20. activity survey 活動調(diào)查21. do homework 做家庭作業(yè)22. do house work 做家務(wù)事23. eat less meat吃更少的肉24. junk food 垃圾食物25. be good for對什么有益26. be bad for對什么有害27. want to

5、 do sth 想做某事28. want sb to do sth想某人做某事29. try to do sth盡量做某事30. come home from school 放學(xué)回家31. of course=certainly=sure 當(dāng)然32. get good grades 取得好成績33. some advice 一些建議some advice 中的 advice是不可數(shù)名詞a piece of advice 貝U建議give advice 提出建議 take one ' s advice 采納或聽從某人的建議4. help sb to do sth 幫助某人做某事=help

6、 sb with sth35. a lot of vegetables=many vegetables許多蔬菜36. hardly= almost not 幾乎不 hardly ever 很少，幾乎不，從不37. keep/be in good health 保持健康38. your favorite program你最喜歡的節(jié)目39. Animal World 動物世界40. play soccer 踢足球41. every day 每天every day 與 everyday1. every day作狀語，譯為"每一天"。如：We go to school at 7:1

7、0 every day.3 /83我們每天7: 10去上學(xué)。I decide to read English every day.我決定每天讀英語。2. everyday作定語，譯為“日常的"。She watches everyday English on TV after dinner.她晚飯后在電視上看日常英語。What's your everyday activity?你的日?；顒邮鞘裁?42.once or twice a week 每周一兩次43. three or four times a week每周三四次44. at Green High School在格林高

8、中45. all students 所有的學(xué)生46. most students大多數(shù)學(xué)生47. some students一些學(xué)生48. no students沒有學(xué)生49. the result of a survey 調(diào)查結(jié)果50. the result for "watch TV ""看電視"的調(diào)查結(jié)果51. improve your English提高你的英語52. drink milk 喝牛奶53. pretty healthy 相當(dāng)健康 pretty adv. 相當(dāng)，非常 Pretty（用作副詞時）=rather=very=quite 非常

9、，相當(dāng)54. kind of = a little 有點I think I' m kind of unhealthy.我想我有點不健康。二.重點句子：1. How often do you exercise? 你（你們）多久鍛煉一次身體？How often +助動詞do（does 或did） +主語+ do sth.?疑問詞how often是問頻率（多久一次）,（在這里助動詞 do（does或did）是起幫助構(gòu)成疑問的作用）與一般現(xiàn)在時或一般過去時連用，回答一般是用表示頻率的副詞，如：once, twice, three times ，sometimes, often, quite,

10、 often, never, every day, once a week , twice a mo nth , three times a month , three or four times a month 等。How often do you go to the factory? Twice a week.你們多久到工廠去一次？每星期兩次?！癏ow often does he go shopping? ""He goes shopping once a month.”2. "What do you usually do on weekends? "

11、;" I usually play soccer.”“周末你通常做什么？ ” “我通常踢足球。”第一個do為助動詞，在這起幫助構(gòu)成疑問的作用；而第二個do則是實義動詞。翻譯：What do you usually do on weekends? I often go to the movies.What does she usually do on weekends? She sometimes go hiking.3. "What ' s your favorite program? ""It' s AnimalWorld.”“你最喜歡

12、什么節(jié)目？ ” “動物世界?！?. As for homework , most students do homework every day .as for.意思是“至于；關(guān)于"，常用于句首作狀語，其后跟名詞、代詞或動詞的-ing形式（即動名詞）。如:As for him , I never want to see him here. 至于他，我永遠(yuǎn)不希望在這里見到。As for the story , you'd better not believe it.關(guān)于那故事，你最好不要相信。至于我自己，我現(xiàn)在不想去。As for myself, I don ' t wa

13、nt to go now.至于那個人，我什么都不知道。As for the man, I know nothing about him.5. Mom wants me to get up at 6:00 and play ping-pong with her .want to do sth.意思是“想要做某事”；want sb. to do sth.意思是“想要某人做某事"。如：Do you want to go to the movies with me ?你想和我一起去看電影嗎？The teacher doesn't want us to eat hamburgers.老

14、師不想讓我們吃漢堡包。有很多動詞后面用這種結(jié)構(gòu)做動詞的復(fù)合賓語ask sb. to do sth.叫某人做某事tell sb. to do sth.告訴某人去做某事help sb. （to） do sth.幫助某人做某事6. She says it' s good for my health.be good for.表示“對有益（有好處）"；其反義為：be bad for.。（這里for是介詞，后跟名詞、代詞或動名詞）如：It's goodfor us to do more reading. 多讀書對我們有好處。Readingin bed is bad for you

15、r eyes.在床上讀書對你的眼睛有害。7. How many hours do you sleep every night?8. I exercise every day , usually when I come home from school .9. My eating habits are pretty good .這里 pretty 相當(dāng)于 very 。1.1 I try to eat a lot of vegetables , usually ten to eleven times a week .try to do sth.表示“盡力做某事”，不包含是否成功的意思而try do

16、ing sth.表示“（用某一辦法）試著去做某事"。如 ：You ' d better try doing the experiment in another way.你最好試試用另一種方法做這個試驗。11. My healthylifestyle helps me getgood grades.help sb.（to） do sth.幫助某人做某事12. Good food and exercise help me to study better.這里better是well的比較級，而不是 good的比較級13. Is her lifestyle the same as y

17、ours or different?=Isherlifestyle thesame as your lifestyle oris her lifestyle different from yours?bethe sameas / bedifferentfrom 14. What sports do you play ?15. A lotofvegetableshelp youto keepingoodhealth .keepingood health= keephealthy=stayhealthy16. You must try to eat less meat .try to do sth

18、.表示“盡力做某事”，不包含是否成功的意思,less是little的比較級17. That sounds interesting.這是"主語+系動詞+表語”結(jié)構(gòu)的簡單句。sound（聽起來），look （看起來），smell（聞起來），taste（嘗起來），feel（覺得），seem（好象），grow（變得），get（變得）等詞在英語中可用作系動詞，后跟形容詞作表語。如：It tastes good.這味道好。The music sounds very sweet. 這音樂聽起來很入耳。The smoke grew heavier and heavier.煙霧變得越來越濃了。18.

19、I think I' m kind of unhealthy.我想我有點不健康。kind of = a littlea kind of 一種三.知識結(jié)構(gòu)©注意sometimes與幾個形似的詞的區(qū)別。sometime 是副詞，意為"在某個時候"，"某時"Will you come again sometime next week?（2） some time是名詞詞組，意為“一段時間”，做時間狀語用I will stay here for some time.我將在這呆一段時間。some times是名詞詞組，意為“幾次，幾倍”I met

20、him some times in the street last month.上個月我在街上遇到他好幾次了。(4) sometimes是頻度副詞，意為"有時"He sometimes goes skateboarding on weekends.他有時周末去滑滑板。2)ime意為“時間”時，為不可數(shù)名詞。意為“次數(shù)，倍數(shù)”時，為可數(shù)名詞,What time is it?I go to the movies three times a week.注意“次數(shù)”的表達方法一次 once ,兩次 twice ,三次或三次以上用基數(shù)詞加上times :three times、fiv

21、e times、one hundred times.表示“幾次”的表達方法是：once a day/ a week/ a month/a yeartwice a day/ a week/ a month/a year©same 與 different29 / 831. same 指“相同的”，前面通常要有一個定冠詞the ,但是如果same前面已經(jīng)有this , those 等詞，就不能再與the連用了如:我們在同一個班級。We are in the same class.結(jié)構(gòu):the same as一樣如:他的分?jǐn)?shù)和我的分?jǐn)?shù)一樣。His mark is the same as mi

22、ne.2.different譯為“不同的”，其后的可數(shù)名詞應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:我們在不同的班級。We are in different classes.結(jié)構(gòu):be different from不同如:This sweater is differentfrom that one. 這件毛衣與那一件不同。復(fù)數(shù)形式為differencesdifferent 的名詞形式為 difference,4) hard / hardlyhard: hard既可作形容詞，也可作副詞。adj.辛苦的，困難的 adv.努力，使勁地Hehad a hard (adj.)time inthe past.It'sa

23、hard (adj.) question. (=difficult)這是一個難的問題。Theboy studies very hard (adv.).那男孩學(xué)習(xí)非常努力Heworks hard. 他努力工作。句子結(jié)構(gòu)：It's hard for sb to do sth 做某事對某人來說是難的。如：It's hard for him to finish the work.完成那項工作對他來說很難。注意區(qū)分：hard work 困難的工作work hard 努力工作hardly 是頻度副詞， 表示否定的意思。（=almost not ）通常用在形容詞、副詞和動詞之前。hardly

24、: adv.幾乎不,簡直不I can hardly see it.我?guī)缀蹩床坏剿?。He hardly works. 他幾乎不工作。It hardly rains here, does it?Q how often / how long / how soon / how farhow often :"隔多久一次"，指動作的頻率，答語常用 often, never, twice a week等表示頻率的副詞或短語 o （用于一般現(xiàn)在時或一般過去時）How often do you go to the movies?Once a week. / I never go to the

25、 movies.how long: 1）"（延續(xù)）多長時間”，回答用 for +時間段或since +時間點。（用于各種時態(tài)）；2）詢問物體的長度。How long is the Yellow River?How long have you learned English?I have learned it for 5 years.I have learned it since 5 years ago.how soon : “還要多久才，多久以后”，答語常用“in +時間段”。（用于一般將來時）How soon will she come back?She' ll come

26、back in an hour.how far :"多遠(yuǎn)"，詢問距離。Can you tell me how far it is from here to your home?How far is it from your home to our school?It' s 2 kilometers away.人教新目標(biāo)八年級英語上冊Unit 2 what ' s the matter?一.重點短語歸納1. foot-feet 腳復(fù) tooth-teeth 牙齒復(fù)2. haveacold感冒3. haveastomachache胃疼4. haveasoreba

27、ck背疼5. haveasorethroat喉嚨疼6. haveafever發(fā)燒7. lie down and (have a)rest 躺下休息 have a rest 休息8. hot tea with honey 加蜜的熱茶9. see a dentist 看牙醫(yī)see a doctor看醫(yī)生10.drinklots of water 多喝水10. lots of ,a lot of, a lota lot of=lots of ,可以修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞，一般用在肯定句中。：There are lots of ( a lot of) books in our library.T

28、here is a lot of water on the grounda lot,是一個副詞詞組，跟動詞連用；表示十分，很等意思；Thanks a lot.12. have a toothache 牙疼13. That ' s a good idea 好主意14. go to bed去睡覺 go to bed early 早上床睡覺15. feel well感到好 feel川感到不舒服I don ' t feel well= I' m not feeling well我感覺不舒服.16. start doing/ to do sth 開始做某事TO DO是一件事情完成

29、了，開始做另外一件事情DOING 是原來的那件事情做到一半，現(xiàn)在又開始做了，是同一件事情17. two days ago 兩天前18. get some rest多休息，休息一會兒19. I think so我認(rèn)為是這樣20. be thirsty 口渴21. be hungry 饑餓22. be stressed out 緊張23. listen to music 聽音樂24. healthy lifestyle 健康的生活方式25. traditional Chinese doctors 傳統(tǒng)中醫(yī)26. need to do sth需要做某事I have a toothache. I ne

30、ed to see a dentist. 我牙痛,我需要去看牙醫(yī)We need to keep our classroom clean.我們需要保持教室的干凈.27. a balance of yin and yang 陰陽平衡28. for example 例如29. too much yin太多的陰，陰氣太盛too much+不可數(shù)名詞太多的much too +形/副實在太極其，非常too many+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) 太多的30. be good for sth./ doing sth.對什么有益，對什么有好處be bad for sth./ doing sth.對什么有害be good to

31、 對好be good at =do well in 在方面好，擅長be good(bad) for 、 be good at的相關(guān)用法1 .be good for 又t有益Doing morning exercises is good for your health.做早操對你們的建康有益。2 .be good at 擅長于Li Ping is good at basketball.李平擅長于籃球。=Li Ping is good at playing basketball.李平擅長于打籃球。be good at = do well in 如：I'm good at math. = I

32、 do well in math.我擅長于數(shù)學(xué)。3 .be good to 又t好Parents are always good to their children.父母親總是對他們的孩子好。31. get good grades 取得好成績32. angry 用法 be angry with sb生某人的氣I was angry with him for keeping me waiting.我對他很生氣，因為他讓我等了好久。be angry at/ about sth 就某事生氣33. Chinese medicine 中藥34. be popular in + some place 在某

33、地很流行Chinese medicine is now popular in many western countries.現(xiàn)在中藥在許多西方國家受歡迎。35.in western countries在西方國家1.1 It' s easy to do sth 做某事是容易的。It' s important to do sth .做某事很重要。37 .balanced diet 平衡飲食38 .get tired 感到疲倦 be/get tired39 .go out at night在晚上出去When you are tired, you shouldn ' t go

34、out at night .疲倦時，晚上你不該外出40 .stay healthy 保持健康=keep healthy=keep in good health41 .at the moment 此時，此亥U = nowI' m not feeling very well at the moment42 .enjoy sth. =like sth.(名詞)喜歡某物，enjoy doing sth.喜歡做某事=like dong sthenjoy oneself (myself, yourself,herself, himself, themselves, ourselves, itsel

35、f反身代詞)玩得高興，過得愉快 =have a good time = have a wonderful time =have fun43 . conversation practice 會話練習(xí)44 . host family 寄宿家庭45 . have a lot of headaches 經(jīng)常疼痛I' m tired and I have a lot of headaches.我很疲勞，而且經(jīng)常頭痛。46 . a few +可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) 少許a little +不可數(shù)名詞/形/副一點47 .He shouldn ' t eat anything=He should eat

36、 nothing.他不應(yīng)當(dāng)吃任何東西 .48 .give sb some advice 給某人建議 give advice 提出建議advice 是不可數(shù)名詞a piece of advice 一則建議 take one ' s advice 采納或聽從某人的建議He gave me some good advice.他向我提了一些很好的意見。49 .sleep 8 hours a night每晚睡眠八小時50.take medicine 吃藥服藥I have to take medicine three times a day for my cold.因為感冒，我不得不一天吃三次藥。

37、二固定結(jié)構(gòu)It' s + 形 + for sb. + to do sth.做某事對某人來說是的It' s importantto do sth .做某事很重要。It' s importantfor me to eat a balanceddiet.平衡飲食對我來說是很重要的It' s easy to do sth做某事是容易的。It' s easy for us to find out the answer. 找出答案對我們來說是容易的.重點句子1.Whats the matter ? What ' s the mater with you ?你

38、怎么啦？=Whats the trouble with you?=Whats wrong with you?I havea cold / havea sore back / have a stomachache2.That ' s too bad. You should / shouldnt 那太糟糕了.你應(yīng)該/不該You shouldlie down and rest / drink hot tea with honey / see a dentist / see a doctor .He shouldnt eat anything = He should eat nothing.

39、他不應(yīng)當(dāng)吃任何東西3.I' m not felling well .這里well表示身體狀況，不能用good 代替I don ' t feel well= I' m not feeling well 我感覺不舒服.4.When did it start ? About two days ago .什么時候開始的？大約兩天前1.1 hope you fell better soon .我希望你很快好起來這里better是well的比較級6 .Traditional Chinese doctors believe we need a balance of yin and y

40、ang to be healthy.傳統(tǒng)中醫(yī)認(rèn)為我們需要陰陽調(diào)和以保持身體健康。這里to be healthy 是動詞不定式短語，作目的狀語7 .You should eat hot yang foods, like beef.你應(yīng)該吃一些像牛肉之類的陽性食物。8 .Eating Dangshen and Huangqi herbs is also good for this.吃黨參和黃茜等草本植物也對這有好處。9 .People who are too stressed out and angry may have too much yang.太緊張易怒的人或許吃了太多的陽性食物。too m

41、uch后跟不可數(shù)名詞，而 too many后跟可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)10.It' s easy to have a healthy lifestyle ,and it' s importantto eat a balanceddiet .有個健康的生活方式很容易，飲食平衡是很重要的。fIt' s easy to do sth .做某事容易 / It' s important to do sth .做某事重要11.You should rest for a few nights.你應(yīng)該休息幾個晚上12.I study late every night , sometimes

42、 until 2 am, but I don ' t think I' m improving.我每天晚上學(xué)到很晚，有時到凌晨2點鐘，但我認(rèn)為我沒有提高。13believe in信任某人，強調(diào)品質(zhì)， believe sb.相信某人的話I believe him, but I can ' t believe in him.他的話是真的，但是我不信任他這個人。14 .I have a toothache . I need to see a dentist .fneed意思為"需要”，作實義動詞時，后跟動詞不定式，否定式為don ' t /doesn 

43、9; t / didn ' t need (to do sth.);作情態(tài)動詞時，只能用于否定句或疑問句中，否定式為 needn ' t(do sth.),除有過去式外，沒有其 它的形態(tài)變化四.知識結(jié)構(gòu)M情態(tài)動詞should 的用法should是情態(tài)動詞，它的基本用法是必須和其他動詞一起構(gòu)成謂語。情態(tài)動詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，意為"應(yīng)該Oshould (應(yīng)當(dāng)，應(yīng)該)用于所有人稱，表示勸告或建議。eg. You should wait a little more.你應(yīng)該再多等一會兒。-I have a very bad cold.我感冒很厲害。-You should li

44、e down and have a rest.你應(yīng)該躺下，多喝水(2aybe 與 may bel.maybe是副詞，譯為"也許、可能"，相當(dāng)于"perhaps ”。如:Maybe he can answer the question.也許他能回答那個問題。Hemaybe is from the USA, too.他可能也來自美國。2.maybe中的may為情態(tài)動詞，譯為"可能是”。如:Hemay be from the USA, too.他可能也來自美國。Shemay be our English teacher.她可能是我們的英語老師31oo many

45、,too much與 much too1.too many 意為“太多”,用于修飾可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)。如:There are toomanystudents in our class.我們班上有太多的學(xué)生。2.too much意為“太多”,用于修飾不可數(shù)名詞。如:We havetoomuchwork to do.我們有太多的工作要做。3.much too表示太”，用來修飾形容詞或副詞。如:The boxis much too heavy, so I can'tcarryit.箱子太重了，所以我搬不動它。©few、a few、little、a little 的區(qū)別和聯(lián)系：l.few

46、 / a few用來修飾可數(shù)名詞，few表示否定意義，沒有，幾乎沒有；a few表示有肯定意思，有幾個。例如：He has few friends here, he feels lonely.他這里沒朋友，他感覺寂寞。There are a few eggs in the basket.籃子里有幾個雞蛋。2.little / a little用來修飾不可數(shù)名詞，little表示否定意思，沒有，幾乎沒有。a little 表示肯定意思，有一點兒。 例如：There is little ink in my bottle, can you give me a little ink?我的瓶子里沒有墨水

47、了，你能給我點兒墨水嗎？Qnot until 直到 （否定句） 才，動詞為短暫性或瞬間性動詞She didn ' t leave until we came.He went shopping after he got up.=He didn ' t go shopping until /before he got up.until/till 直到 （肯定句）動詞為延續(xù)性動詞We stayed here till/until 12 o' clock.人教新目標(biāo)八年級英語上冊Unit 3 What are you doing for vacation?一.重點短語歸納1.

48、go camping 去野營2. go shopping 去購物3. go skateboarding去滑滑板4. go swimming 去游泳5. go boating 去劃船6. go skating 去滑冰7. go hiking (in the mountains)去山上徒步旅行 /遠(yuǎn)足8. go climbing 去登山9. go fishing 去釣魚10. go bike riding / cycling 騎自行車旅行11. go sightseeing 去觀光12. visit my grandma/ cousins/ my friends in Hong Kong 拜訪我的

49、祖母 / 堂兄弟/香港的朋友13. spend time with friends 和朋友度過14. babysit her sister 照顧她的妹妹15. relax at home 在家休息16. go to sports camp 去運動野營17. go to the beach 去沙灘18. take a vacation 去度假19. go to Tibet for a week 去西藏一個星期20. go away離開，走開It made me sad to hear you have to go away.聽至1J你非走不可，我覺得很傷心21. (for) too long 太

50、久22. how long多長(時間)23. have a good time=have fun=enjoy oneself 玩得高興，玩得開心'24. get back to school/ home 回學(xué)校/回家go back= come back= get back 回來 get back to +some where 回至1J某地get back home/ here /there 回家、這、WJLgo back to school回至1J學(xué)校=return to schoolgo back home回至1J家=return home25. stay for three wee

51、ks 呆三個星期26. take walks / take a walk 散步 take walks=have walks=go for a walk 散步27. rentvideos 租錄像帶28. a famous French singer 一個著名的法籍歌手29. take a long vacation度長假30. take vacations in Europe 在歐洲度假31. think about/ of 考慮/思考32. something different/ interesting/ important一些不同的 / 有趣的 / 重要的東西I have somethin

52、g interesting to tell you.我有一些有趣的事要告訴你。She wants something new.她想要一些新的東西。33. spend time in the beautiful countryside在美麗的鄉(xiāng)村度過34. forget all the problems忘記所有的問題（煩惱）35. sleep a lot多睡覺，睡個夠36. can't wait迫不及待 can ' t wait to do sth迫不及待做某事She can ' t wait to get home to see her parents.她迫不及待的想回

53、家看望父母。37. a good place to go sightseeing個觀光的好地方38. leavefor Italy/ Greece/Spain/ Europe離開/出發(fā)去意大利/希力1/西班牙/歐洲39. placesto visit in China在中國參觀的地方40. plan my vacation to Italy 計劃去意大利度假41. the first week in June 六月的第一周42. leave for 離開/出發(fā)去leave 的用法1. "leave+地點”表示"離開某地"。例如：When did you leave

54、 Shanghai?你什么時候離開上海的？2. "leave for+地點”表示"動身去某地"。例如：Next Friday, Alice is leaving for London.下周五，愛麗斯要去倫敦了。3. " leave+地點+for+地點”表示"離開某地去某地"。例如：Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing?你為什么要離開上海去北京？43. rent videos to sb.租碟片給某人rent videos from sb.從某人那租碟片44. make a movie 拍電影

55、45. ask sb about sth 問某人某事46. at night =in the evening 在晚上47. What/How about+ doing>怎么樣呢？48. on Monday 在星期一49. .next week 下周50.the Great Wall 長城二.固定結(jié)構(gòu)1. show sb. sth.讓某人看某物=show sth. to sb.把某物給某人看He showed me a postcard from Hong Kong yesterday.=He showed a postcard to me from Hong Kong yesterday

56、.類似的結(jié)構(gòu)還有： give sb. sth. = give sth. to sb.把某物給某人buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb.給某人買某物2. send sb. sth.寄給某人某物=send sth. to sb.寄某物給某人My friends sent me a letter just now.=My friends sent a letter to me just now.3. think about/ of sth./ doing sth.考慮某事/考慮做某事He often thinks about going to Europe for vacation.4. decide on sth.決定某事decide to do sth.決定做某事They will decide on the case（案件）tomorrow.He decided to go sightseeing at last.5. plan to do sth.計劃做某事（過去式）pla