人教八年級下冊Unit 知識點(diǎn)詳解

1、unit 11. Whats the matter (with you)? 怎么了？出什么事了？ Whats the trouble/ the problem / wrong with sb./ sth.? = Whats up? = What happens to sb.?【注】：matter 和trouble 為名詞， 其前可加the 或形容詞性物主代詞, wrong 是adj. 不能加the.【習(xí)】：Whats the matter _ Tom. He is wet through. His car ran _ the river. A.with; in B.to; into C.wit

2、h; into【拓展】matter的用法 (1) It doesnt matter 沒關(guān)系 （用來回答別人道歉時的用語）【習(xí)】：Im very sorry. I broke your tea cup. _. A. It doesnt matter B. Youd better not C. Take it easy D. Its too bad (2) as a matter of fact= in fact 事實(shí)上, 實(shí)際上2. I had a cold. 我感冒了。 疑問&否定 have a/an + 疾病名詞 “患病” (cold/fever/cough) have an acc

3、ident have a sore ( 因發(fā)炎引起的肌肉疼 ) throat/back 患喉嚨/背痛 have a heart problem have a fever 發(fā)燒 have a cold =catch a cold 患感冒 have a stomachache 患胃痛 have a toothache患牙痛 have a nosebleed 流鼻血 have a headache 患頭痛 have a backache患背痛 have a cough咳嗽 其他： cut+身體器官 hurt+身體器官 get hit ( V-ed ) on the head（by sth.）摔在頭上

4、【習(xí)】：I didnt sleep well last night, because I _ a toothache . A. was B. went C. had D. tookhave ( some ) problems ( in ) doing 做某事有困難back n 背；背部 at the back of.在.的后面 go/come back 返回 give back 歸還hand n. 手 V. 交給；傳遞hand in hand 手拉手 hand in 上交 hand on 依次傳遞 hand out 分發(fā)3. 身體部位+ache（持續(xù)性的疼痛）構(gòu)成新的復(fù)合詞 stomach+a

5、che=stomachache head+ache=headache tooth+ache=toothache back+ache=backache4. too much/too many/much too短語含義用法例句too much太多后接不可數(shù)名詞There is too much rain these days修飾動詞，放在動詞之后Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes.too many太多后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)There are too many things for me to do every day.much too太修飾形容詞或副詞It

6、s much too cold in winter.【習(xí)】：Mr. Smith eats _ food, so hes _ fat. A .much too; too much B .too many; much too C. too much; too much D. too much ;much too enough 的用法 (1) adj.足夠的，充分的。修飾名詞時，放在名詞前、后 enough time (2) adv. “足夠地， 十分，相當(dāng)”， 放在adj./adv 后 expensive enough (3) be +adj. +enough to do sth be stron

7、g enough to carry the box.【習(xí)】：What do you think of the lecture of Li Yangs Crazy English? I think its _ , but someone thinks its much too _. A. wonderful enough; bored B. enough wonderful; boring C. wonderful; enough; boring D. enough wonderful ; bored5. 反身代詞 反身代詞的構(gòu)成 一、二人稱的反身代詞構(gòu)成: 形容詞性物主代詞+self/selv

8、es構(gòu)成 單數(shù)：myself yourself 復(fù)數(shù)：ourselves yourselves 第三人稱的反身代詞: 構(gòu)成:第三人稱賓格+self/selves 單數(shù)：himselfherselfitself 復(fù)數(shù)： themselves 反身代詞的常見搭配： enjoy oneself=have fun =have a good time玩得高興 help oneself to 隨便吃 teach oneself=learn by oneself 自學(xué) by oneself =alone 獨(dú)自 introduce oneself to 自我介紹 hurt oneself 受傷 反身代詞必須與

9、主語保持人稱的一致。 反身代詞不能單獨(dú)做主語，但可以做主語的同位語，起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用。 如：我自己能完成作業(yè)。 I myself can finish my homework. / I can finish my homework myself. 反身代詞表示“某人自己”不能表示“某人的東西”，因?yàn)樗鼪]有所有格的形式。表達(dá)“某人自己的（東 西）”時，須要用ones own. 如：我用我自己的蠟筆畫畫。 Im drawing with my own crayons.【習(xí)】：Boys, dont lose_ in playing Angry Birds. It is bad for your eyes

10、to play computer games for a long time. A. himself B. yourself C. themselves D. yourselves6. lie down 躺下 lie in 位于，在于 lay , lain , lying tell lies 說謊 lie to sb. 對說謊 lied , lied, lying7. drink some hot tea with honey 喝一些熱的蜂蜜水 with ：prep “具有， 帶有” , 表示某物帶有或具有某種特征。（反） without She is a girl with long hai

11、r. 【習(xí)】：He has a sore throat . He should _. A. see a dentist B. drink hot tea with honey C. drink a lot of milk D. eat nothing prep. 和.一起 I like to talk freely with my friends. prep 用.， 表示“使用某種工具” Cut it with a knife. 8. see a dentist and get an X-ray 看醫(yī)生并且做個X光檢查 see a dentist = go to the dentists看牙醫(yī)

12、 see a doctor 【習(xí)】：You are ill. You had better _ the doctor right now. A. look at B. see C. watch9. take ones temperature 量體溫10. put some medicine on . 在.上敷藥 put on 穿上，戴上 take off 脫下，摘下 put.in order put down 放下，記下，鎮(zhèn)壓 put off 推遲 put up 張貼，搭建，舉起 put out 撲滅，熄滅11. feel , sound 感官系動詞，后+形容詞，否定前+助動詞dont或doe

13、snt. “感官動詞+ like ： feel like 摸起來像 smell like 聞起來像 look like 看起來像 taste like 嘗起來像 sound like 聽起來像12. What should she do? 她該怎么辦呢？Should I + V原？ should “應(yīng)該” 情態(tài)動詞，后跟動詞原形，表示責(zé)任和義務(wù)should not =shouldnt 不應(yīng)該 主語+ should/ shouldnt + 動詞原形. . You should lie down and ( get some ) rest. 你應(yīng)該躺下休息一會兒。 You shouldnt go

14、out at night.你晚上不應(yīng)該出去?！玖?xí)】：Hurry up，or you _catch the train Acant Bneednt Cmustn't D. shouldnt13. on the weekend 在周末 all weekend 整個周末=the whole weekend 14. play computer games 玩電腦游戲15. Thats probably why. 大概這就是原因。16. need to do sth. 需要做某事 用于肯定句是實(shí)義動詞 (1) need sth 需要某物 I need your help. (2) 人做主語，sb

15、 need to do sth 某人需要做某事 Do you need to drink more water? (3) 物做主語，sth need doing sth = sth need to be done My TV set needs repairing. 用于否定句是情態(tài)動詞 neednt = dont have to 沒有必要 must ,need 引導(dǎo)的疑問句肯定回答用【習(xí)】：Must I hand it in today? No. you _ . You can do it tomorrow. A. mustn't B. can't C. needn'

16、t17. take breaks /take a break ( away from. ) 離開休息一下18. in the same way 以同樣的姿勢 by the way 順便說一下 on ones way ( to ).19. for too long （持續(xù)時間）之久20. without doing sth.21. neck n.頸；脖子 neck and neck 不分上下，勢均力敵 face to face 面對面地22. hurt 及物動詞，使疼痛，受傷，He hurt his leg while exercising. 不及物動詞，（部位）疼。 His leg hurt

17、badly.23. 在條件、時間狀語從句中，一般是主將從現(xiàn)。 引導(dǎo)條件狀語的詞： if（如果）；as long as . 引導(dǎo)時間狀語的詞：when , after, before, as soon as , not . until. 主句使用一般將來時，if從句要使用一般現(xiàn)在時。 My mother will take me to the park if she is free. 主句為含情態(tài)動詞的句子，表示將來的含義，這時if從句也要使用一般現(xiàn)在時。 If you want to lose weight, you must eat less bread. 主句是祈使句或是含有情態(tài)動詞的句子

18、(表示將來的意義)，if從句也要使用一般現(xiàn)在時。 Dont take part in such an activity if you are not strong enough. If it rains hard tomorrow, you should stay at home.24. 祈使句 定義：指的是表示命令、請求、建議或勸告的句子。其主語you常省略，謂語動詞用原形，句末用感嘆號或句號，讀降調(diào)。 結(jié)構(gòu)： 1）. 肯定的祈使句：動詞原形+其他 Stand up, please. Be careful ! 2）否定的祈使句: Don't + 動詞原形 Dont laugh at

19、others. Never do sth. Never do that again! No + v-ing/n. No smoking! No noise, please. Lets not do sth. Lets not waste time. Dont let sb. do sth. Dont let them make any noise. 祈使句的考點(diǎn)：A: Dont forget to turn off the light. B: OK. I wont. A: Dont play on the road. B: Sorry. I wont. A: Remember to retur

20、n it as soon as possible B: OK./All right./I will. 25. come from =be from來自26. along/ down 相同點(diǎn)： prep “順著；沿著” 不同點(diǎn)：along 強(qiáng)調(diào)順著水平方向 down 指“沿著下坡或者往南走”【習(xí)】：My father has habit(習(xí)慣) of jogging _ the Jinchuan River for an hour in the morning . A. between B. along C. over27. when 常常用來引出時間狀語從句，當(dāng)放在過去進(jìn)行時構(gòu)成的主句之后時，

21、表示“某事正在進(jìn)行時，另一件事情發(fā)生了?！?I was just getting into the shower when the telephone rang.我正要洗澡，這時電話響了。28. see （saw , seen） v 看見 see sb. do sth 看見某人做某事 （看到動作發(fā)生的全過程或經(jīng)?？吹絼幼靼l(fā)生） see sb. doing sth 看見某人正在做某事 （強(qiáng)調(diào)動作正在發(fā)生）【習(xí)】：Seeing their teacher _ into the classroom, they stopped _ at once. A. walk; telling B. enteri

22、ng; to speak C. enter; to tell D. walking; talking29. on the side of the road 在路的一邊30. next to .31. shout for help 大喊救命 ask ( sb. ) for help 向某人求助32. 24-year-old 24歲的 “數(shù)詞+名詞+形容詞”構(gòu)成復(fù)合形容詞，在句中作定語，用連字符后連接，名詞用單數(shù)?！玖?xí)】：She is a _ girl with two big eyes. A. Six-years- old B. six-year - old C. Six years old33

23、. stop the bus 停下車 without thinking twice 沒多想34. get off 下車 (反） get on 上車【拓展】與get相關(guān)的短語： get up起床 get back回來；取回 get over克服；度過 get onalong well with與相處融洽 get to到達(dá) 【習(xí)】：If Ted can _ his difficulties, hell make great progress. A. come over B. get over C. get off D. come out35. have / has / had to 不得不，必須3

24、6. tell sb. ( not）to do sth. tell sb. sth. tell sth. to sb. tell sb. that.37. take sb. to sp. 38. expect sb. to do sth. 39. most / all of n.大部分或全部的40. wait for the next bus41. surprise v. 使吃驚surprising adj. 令人吃驚的 surprised adj. 感到吃驚的 surprise sb 使某人吃驚 The bad news surprised me. be surprised at 對感到吃驚

25、 be surprised to do sth 做某事而感到驚訝 be surprised + that從句 因.而驚訝 n 驚訝”to ones surprise 使某人吃驚的是 in surprise 吃驚地 【習(xí)】：The fans were _ to know the death of their favorite singing star Whitney Huston. A. gladB.angry C. excitedD. surprised agree v (反)disagree agreement n同意 agree with sb. 同意某人 I agree with you

26、. agree to do sth 同意做某事 【習(xí)】：I think English is more useful than Chinese. I dont _ you. They are both useful.A. get on with B. catch up with C. talk with D. agree with42. move. onto the bus/train/plane/horse/bike/subway in the car/taxi43. thanks to 多虧；由于 thanks to為習(xí)語介詞，thanks不可以改為thank you，to后接感謝的對象，

27、 thanks for“因而感謝”，for強(qiáng)調(diào)為何而感謝，其后可接名詞或v-ing，thanks相當(dāng)于 thank you.【習(xí)】： _ the teacher, Ive made great progress.A. Thank you B. Thanks C. Thanks lot on time 準(zhǔn)時/in time 及時 on time= at exactly the right time.準(zhǔn)時（在規(guī)定的時間之內(nèi)）強(qiáng)調(diào)與某個時刻一致in time = with enough time to spare/ not late及時（恰在時間點(diǎn)上）表示動作在規(guī)定時間內(nèi)或比規(guī)定時間提前發(fā)生【短語】

28、at times=sometimes 有時 have a good time 玩得高興 have time =be free 有空 all the time 一直 at the same time 同時 by the time 到時候 for the first time 第一次 【句型】 Its time to do sth =Its time for sth 是該做某事的時間了 It takes sb. some time to do sth 做某事花費(fèi)某人多長時間【習(xí)】：The teacher hope all of us can hand _ our homework _ time e

29、very day. A. up ; in B. out; on C. on; in D. in ; on44. Its +adj. +to do sth./ that從句45. not.any=no46. think about 考慮；認(rèn)為，+V-ing/n.【短語】： think of 想起 think over 仔細(xì)考慮 think up = come up with 想出【諺語】 Think before you act 三思而后行47. the driver of bus No. 2648. hit v. (hit/hit) ( 用手或器具）擊；打 hit sb. on the hea

30、d/ nose/ back打某人的頭、鼻子、后背，on用在所打較硬的部位；hit sb. in the face/ eye/ stomach 打某人的臉、眼睛、肚子，in用在所打較軟的部位。49. right away/ now 立刻，馬上 just now 剛才50. trouble n .問題；苦惱 get into trouble造成麻煩（或煩惱）be in trouble 處于困境中 have trouble （in) doing sth做某事有困難51. fall fell fallen v 落下； 跌落 fall down 摔倒，強(qiáng)調(diào)“滑倒，摔倒”，指失去平衡而摔倒，后接賓語時，應(yīng)

31、加上介詞from She fell down from her bikefall off 指從某物上跌落下來。The girl fell off the bike. = The girl fell down from the bike.fall into 落入 The leaf fell into the river. fall behind 落后 fall in love with sb. 愛上某人 fall asleep 入睡【習(xí)】： Its not easy for Linda to _ last night, because she was too excited. A. go to

32、bed B. fall asleep C. fall into D. fall over 52. run it under the water 跑; （使）流動; 延續(xù); 行駛; 使奔跑; 使快速移動; 運(yùn)行，經(jīng)營53. feel sick 生??；不舒服 sick /ill adj. 生病的 (1) sick adj.“生病的”，既可放be (系動詞)后作表語，也可放n.前作定語. be sick of “討厭；厭惡” sick person = patient“病人” (2) ill adj.“生病的”，只能放be (系動詞)后作表語. illness n.“??；疾病” be ill in

33、hospital 生病住院54. in P.E. class do sports play volleyball/soccer.55. 使役動詞 make, have, let+sb.+do sth.get+sb.+to do sth.56. look up 查閱 look down upon 看不起 look at 看 look for 尋找 look after 照顧look into 調(diào)查 look out 小心 look like 看起來像 look for trouble 自找麻煩，自討苦吃57. who 引導(dǎo)的定語從句定義：用一個句子來修飾前面的名詞或代詞的句子，叫做定語從句。先行

34、詞：被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫做先行詞。定語從句必須放在先行詞之后。關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句的連詞叫做關(guān)系詞，關(guān)系詞分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。 He is the boy who/that often helps me.【習(xí)】：Do you know the little boy _ is helping the old man cross the road? No. But how nice he is! A. which B. who C. whom be interested in interest n 興趣 interesting adj. 令人有興趣的（表語/定語） interested

35、 adj. 對感興趣（只做表語） v. 引起關(guān)注；使感興趣 be interested in sth./ doing sth.對變得感興趣 = show great interest in sth. / doing sth.表現(xiàn)出對的極大興趣; (1) take/have an interest in =be interested in 對感興趣 (2) places of interest 名勝 lose interest in 失去興趣【習(xí)】：This book is very _ and I am _ in it. A. interest; interest B. interesting

36、; interested C. interested; interested D. interested; interested58. as prep，"作為"，"以身份"。be used to (doing)習(xí)慣于（做）；適應(yīng)于（做）(1) use v.使用useful adj. 有用的 use up 用完Studying English is_(use).(2) use sth to do sth 用某物做某事We use Internet _(find) information.(3) used to do sth 過去常常做某事，表示過去做過的事

37、現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不做，只用于過去時態(tài)。I used to get up at six.(4) be /get used to doing sth 習(xí)慣于做某事My grandpa is used _(live) in country. (5) be used to do sth 被用來做某事=be used for doing sth Stamps is used _(post) letters.【習(xí)】：How does Jack usually go to work? He _ drive a car, but now he _ there to lose weight. A. used to; i

38、s used to walk B. was used to; is used to walkingC. was used to; is used to walk D. used to; is used to walking59.“one of + the +adj.最高級 +n 復(fù)數(shù)” ， 做主語，謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。 One of the most popular colors is red in China.【習(xí)】：A good book may be one of your best _(friend).60. There be ( are/were ) many times w

39、hen + 定語從句 有很多次 almost / nearly almost和nearly作為副詞,都可以譯為“差不多”、“幾乎”、“將近”等。都是程度副詞,可以用來修飾形容詞、副詞、動詞和名詞,有時它們可以相互取代。 lose lost lost v 失去 lose ones life 失去生命 because of 由于； 因?yàn)?【注】： (1) because of +n/ving/代詞賓格(用于句中) Shes worried because of her son. (2) because conj +從句 （引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句） He didnt go to school yester

40、day because he was ill. (3) because 還可以回答why 引導(dǎo)的句子 Why do you like pandas? Because they are cute. (4) because 和so 不能一起連用，二者只能用其一?！玖?xí)】：Mo Yans books have been sold out in many book stores _ his winning of the Nobel Literature Prize.A. because B. since C. as D. because of61. on 修飾具體的某一天 on a 

41、Sunday morning;  on Friday【習(xí)】：When did the earthquake in Lushan happen? It happened _ 8:02 _ the morning of April 20, 2013. A. on; inB. at; in C. at; on D. on; on find found found v尋找 (1) find sb. doing sth 發(fā)現(xiàn)某人做某事 (2) find it + adj. + to do sth 發(fā)現(xiàn)做某事很 find it difficult/ hard to do st

42、h 發(fā)現(xiàn)做某事很困難in a . situation 在一種.的情況下 62.介詞under, for 對于.來說， 為了，用來，由于，(表示時間)持續(xù)，花費(fèi)，支持。 360-kilo 位于名詞之前用作定語的復(fù)合修飾語之間，一般應(yīng)加連字符。 Jim is a 15-year-old boy. 吉姆是一個十五的男孩。 by oneself= alone = on ones own adj. 單獨(dú)的，指無人陪伴的客觀事實(shí)，不帶感情色彩。63. free adj. 空閑的free time；免費(fèi)的the drink is for free；自由的I want to become a free bir

43、d. v. 使解脫，得到自由He could not free his arm.64. hope to do sth. / ( that 賓語從句 ).65. run ran run v跑 run out of =use up 用完【區(qū)別】：run out of 其主語通常是人 run out 其主語通常是物【短語】： run across 偶然遇見 run after 追求，追逐 run away 逃跑 run at 向.沖去【習(xí)】：His father gave him a lot of money last week, but he has run out of it. Now hes

44、asking me for help.A. finished running B. spent C. run outsideD. gone out have/has to do something to + V原 own adj. 自己的 v 擁有 owner n 所有者，物主 ones own 某人自己的 of ones own /ones own +n 某人自己的 (ones 要用adj. 物主代詞代替) I want to have a big house of my own.66. be ready to do sth. 樂于做某事, 準(zhǔn)備好了去做某事die v.死 adj. dead

45、 n. death adj. dying 將死的【習(xí)】： - The national hero Wu Bin , a bus driver, hardly had time to think about himself when in danger. - Yes, His _ is starting to make people think a lot. A. die B. death C. dead D. died67. cut off 切除; 切隔斷; 剪切， 砍下 cut down 砍倒 cut up 切碎 take off 脫下，起飛 put off 推遲 get off 下車/馬，

46、離開 half half 用作名詞，意為“一半，半”，是可數(shù)名詞，對應(yīng)詞是 whole, 其復(fù)數(shù)形式是 halves： Cut the apple into halves. 把蘋果切成兩半。 表示“某物的一半”用“ half a （an） + 單數(shù)名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。如： half an hour 半小時 half a kilo 半公斤 half an orange 半個桔子 half a day / week / month / year 半天 / 半周 / 半個月 / 半年 表示“半公斤的”用“ half a kilo of + 名詞”。如： half a kilo of meat （tomato

47、es） 半公斤肉（西紅柿） half 用于一個或一個以上整數(shù)再加一半表示“幾個半”時，用“ one （two ） + 名 詞 + and a half ”或“ one （two ） and a half + 名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，此時要注意名詞 復(fù)數(shù)形式的變化。如： 一個半小時 one hour and a half / one and a half hours “ a half （一半）”一般不單獨(dú)使用。如果后面的數(shù)量單位名詞是單數(shù)，如 kilo，則可說 half a kilo 或 a half kilo .如果這個單位名詞是復(fù)數(shù)，則前面只能用 a half .如： one and a half ki

48、los 相當(dāng)于 one kilo and a half （不說 one and half a kilo ） by half 一半 by halves 不完全地，不完善地 halftime 比賽上半場與下半場之間的休息時間 68. so that 以便，為了 引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句, 從句常出現(xiàn)情態(tài)動詞may/ might .can/ could等， The boy spoke loudly so that everyone could hear him clearly.【習(xí)】：The teacher speaks very loudly _ all the students can hear her

49、. A. so that B. because C. since D. when climb down 爬下來69. a book called . 叫做，稱為 過去分詞短語做后置定語，是省略（which is called）的一種。 between a rock and a hard place 生死抉擇70. mean meant meant v 意味著 meaning n 意思 (1)mean doing sth. 意味著做某事 (2)mean to do sth. 打算做某事【拓展】詢問 “.的意思”的常用句型： What does . mean? / What is the mean

50、ing of.?get out of 離開，從出來 get up起床  get to到達(dá)   get back 返回 get on 上車   get off  下車 get on with 與友好相處71. tell of 告訴（某人）有關(guān)的情況信息，談及; important adj. 重要的（反）unimportant importance n 重要性 the importance of (doing) . 某事的重要性【習(xí)】：My parents have taught me _(.的重要性)of working hard. decide v 決定-decisio