重復(fù)句翻譯素材說課講解

1、重復(fù)句翻譯素材 Grammatically or rhetorically speaking, repetition of the same word, same expression and even the same structure in a sentence or a passage is more natural and idiomatic and thus much more frequent in Chinese than in English, though rhetorical or significant repetition can also be found in E

2、nglish. Generally what is repeated in Chinese may in many cases be substituted(替代), varied(變換) or omitted(省略) in English.下面是英語(yǔ)中常見的避免使用重復(fù)的手段，與之相對(duì)應(yīng)的漢語(yǔ)譯文則很多時(shí)候需要使用重復(fù)。一是使用代詞（人稱代詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、關(guān)系代詞等）。I met John on the street yesterday. He was walking beside his sister. They were going to see a film. 二是使用上義詞、

3、同義詞等來(lái)替換上文中已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)的某個(gè)詞語(yǔ)，以避免重復(fù)。這些上義詞是一些具有概括意義、表示人和事物范疇的詞匯，如man, woman, people, person, child, thing, object, flower, machine, medicine, animal等等。 The monkeys most extraordinary feat was learning to operate a tractor. By the age of nine, this remarkable animal had learned to drive the vehicle single-hande

4、d. 那只猴子最拿手的本領(lǐng)就是學(xué)會(huì)了開拖拉機(jī)。九歲時(shí)，這只了不起的動(dòng)物就已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了用一只手駕駛這種工具。 三是使用替代法，即使用替代詞語(yǔ)或替代句型來(lái)回避重復(fù)。英語(yǔ)中為避免重復(fù)而通常使用的替代詞有one, ones, that, those, it, the same (thing), so, such, there, then, likewise, identical, different, etc. What kind of textbooks do you want? The ones with illustrations or the ones without? 你需要什么樣的課本？是要

5、有插圖的呢還是要沒有插圖的？ 最常見的替代如：“主語(yǔ)+do”和“主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞（如appear, hope, think, believe, suppose等）+so” He will come tomorrow. 他明天來(lái)。 I hope so. 我希望如此。 其他類型的替代如： He might be wrong. If not, why was he in such low spirits? 英語(yǔ)中，用省略法來(lái)回避重復(fù)是常見的手段。用省略法回避重復(fù)有以下幾種情況。 一是省略中心名詞。 I like strong tea. I suppose weak is better for you. 二

6、是省略核心動(dòng)詞。 We wont retreat; we never have and never will. 三是省略動(dòng)詞不定式。 Would you like to go with me？ Yes, Id like to. 在英語(yǔ)中，對(duì)于某些由動(dòng)詞、名詞或形容詞加介詞構(gòu)成的搭配，可以通過保留介詞而省略其前面的動(dòng)詞、名詞或形容詞的方式來(lái)避免重復(fù)。 Discipline is indispensable to victory in war, to success in our work, and indeed, to the realization of our lofty goal. 紀(jì)律對(duì)

7、于戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)取得勝利必不可少，對(duì)于工作取得成功必不可少，對(duì)于實(shí)現(xiàn)我們的崇高目標(biāo)必不可少。 They continue to observe the principle of depending on their own effort as well as of being thrifty in everything. 他們依然遵循一切勤儉節(jié)約、一切依靠自己的原則。 英語(yǔ)避免重復(fù)還可采用緊縮法。所謂緊縮法就是將語(yǔ)句中兩個(gè)或幾個(gè)相關(guān)聯(lián)的成分合并在一起，以避免某些詞語(yǔ)的重復(fù)，使文字變得簡(jiǎn)潔緊湊。這種方法一般多見于書面形式。 He was particularly interested in the art

8、icles on and by Lu Xun. 他對(duì)關(guān)于魯迅的文章以及魯迅所寫的文章尤其感興趣。 You should practice speaking English both in and out of class. 你既要在課內(nèi)，又要在課外練習(xí)講英語(yǔ)。 通過以上對(duì)英語(yǔ)這種語(yǔ)言避免重復(fù)手段的學(xué)習(xí)以及所列舉的例子的漢語(yǔ)譯文可以看出，英語(yǔ)在通常情況下盡量避免重復(fù)，而漢語(yǔ)則多重復(fù)。所以，在英漢翻譯時(shí)，重復(fù)翻譯法的運(yùn)用是很普遍的。 We accept and welcome, therefore, as conditions to which we must accommodate oursel

9、ves, great inequality of environment, the concentration of business, industrial and commercial, in the hands of a few; and the law of competition between these, as being not only beneficial, but essential to the future progress of the race. 因此，我們接受并歡迎在我們的周圍存在巨大的不平等現(xiàn)象（我們把這看做是我們必須適應(yīng)的條件），接受并歡迎工商業(yè)的經(jīng)營(yíng)集中在

10、少數(shù)幾個(gè)人手中，接受并歡迎他們之間存在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的機(jī)制，這對(duì)于整個(gè)人類未來(lái)的進(jìn)步不僅是有益的，而且是必需的。 We find ourselves rich in goods, but ragged in spirit; reaching with magnificent precision for the moon, but falling into raucous discord on earth. We are caught in war, wanting peace. Were torn by division, wanting unity. We see around us empty li

11、ves, wanting fulfillment. We see tasks that need doing, wanting for hands to do them. (R.Nixon:Inaugural Address) 我們物質(zhì)豐富，但精神貧乏；我們以巨大的精確程度登上月球，但卻讓地球陷入極度紛爭(zhēng)。 我們被卷入戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，我們渴望和平。我們被四分五裂，我們渴望團(tuán)結(jié)。我們看到周圍的人們生活空虛，我們渴望生活的充實(shí)。我們看到等待人們?nèi)プ龅母黜?xiàng)任務(wù)，我們需要人手來(lái)完成它們。 Although credit cards are becoming a more acceptable part of t

12、he financial scene, they are still regarded with suspicion by many as being a major part of the “l(fā)ive now, pay later” syndrome. Along with hire-purchase, rental and leasing schemes, they provide encouragement to spend more money. 盡管信用卡正在成為金融業(yè)更能接受的付款方式，但許多人仍然心存疑慮，把信用卡看成是“今日享受，明日付款”的一種主要表現(xiàn)。同分期付款、租賃方式一

13、樣，信用卡鼓勵(lì)人們消費(fèi)。 We recognizeand shareChinas resolve to resist the attempts of any nation which seeks to establish global or regional hegemony. 我們認(rèn)識(shí)到中國(guó)有決心同時(shí)我們自己也有同樣的決心來(lái)反對(duì)任何國(guó)家謀求建立全球霸權(quán)或地區(qū)霸權(quán)的企圖。 People use natural science to understand and change nature. 人們利用自然科學(xué)，去了解自然，改造自然。 We have to analyze and solve pr

14、oblems. 我們要分析問題，解決問題。 The chief effects of electric currents are the magnetic, heating, and chemical effects. 電流的主要效應(yīng)是磁效應(yīng)、熱效應(yīng)和化學(xué)效應(yīng)。 Chairman Mao is an activist, a prime mover, an originator and master of strategy achieved by alternating surprise, tension and easement. 毛澤東是活動(dòng)家，是原動(dòng)力，是創(chuàng)始者，是交替運(yùn)用出其不意、緊張松

15、弛而取得成功的戰(zhàn)略家。 The daily newspaper guides, educates and encourages the masses. 這份報(bào)紙可指導(dǎo)群眾、教育群眾、鼓舞群眾。 Locomotives are built of steel, and airplanes of aluminium. 火車頭由鋼制成，而飛機(jī)由鋁制成。 英語(yǔ)中的某些動(dòng)詞、名詞或形容詞等可加介詞構(gòu)成搭配，若這種搭配需要重復(fù)形成一個(gè)系列，則往往只保留介詞而省略其前面的動(dòng)詞、名詞或形容詞。在將這樣的系列搭配翻譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)，往往需要將介詞之前被省略的成分重新補(bǔ)充出來(lái)。 We have advocated the

16、 principle of peaceful coexistence, which is now growing more and more popular among the nations of Asia and Africa. 我們提倡和平共處的原則，這個(gè)原則目前在亞非各國(guó)越來(lái)越得人心了。 She possessed an innocence unsullied by contact with the world. 她擁有一種純真，這種純真并沒有因?yàn)橥饨缃佑|而玷污。 Come to my office and have a talk with me whenever you are f

17、ree. 你什么時(shí)候有空，就什么時(shí)候到我辦公室來(lái)談一談。 英語(yǔ)中有一種使用諸如whatever, whoever, whichever, wherever加后綴“-ever”的強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)，在將這類強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)翻譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)，往往要運(yùn)用重復(fù)的辦法才能清晰地傳達(dá)原文的意思。 Whoever violates the discipline should be punished.誰(shuí)違反了紀(jì)律，誰(shuí)就應(yīng)該受到批評(píng)。 漢譯英時(shí)需避免重復(fù) 一個(gè)地方有一個(gè)地方的全局，一個(gè)國(guó)家有一個(gè)國(guó)家的全局，一個(gè)地球有一個(gè)地球的全局。 A locality has its own over-all interest, so do a

18、nation and the earth. 奪取這個(gè)勝利，已經(jīng)是不要很久的時(shí)間和不要花費(fèi)很大的氣力了；鞏固這個(gè)勝利，則是需要很久的時(shí)間和要花費(fèi)很大的氣力的。 （毛澤東選集） To win this victory will not require much more time and effort, but to consolidate it will. 我們必須決定什么東西是應(yīng)當(dāng)稱贊或歌頌的，什么東西是不應(yīng)當(dāng)稱贊或歌頌的，什么東西是應(yīng)當(dāng)反對(duì)的。 We should decide what to commend and prasie, what not to and what to oppose. 現(xiàn)階段中國(guó)已經(jīng)實(shí)現(xiàn)了糧食基本自給，在未來(lái)的發(fā)展過程中，中國(guó)依靠自己的力量實(shí)現(xiàn)糧食基本自給，客觀上具備諸多有利因素。 C