句子結(jié)構(gòu)學(xué)生

1、簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本結(jié)構(gòu)英語(yǔ)句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)可以歸納成五種基本句型及其擴(kuò)大、組合、省略或倒裝。掌握這五種基本句型，是掌握各種英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)。英語(yǔ)五種基本句型列式如下：一： （主謂）二： （主系表）三： （主謂賓）四： （主謂間賓直賓）五： （主謂賓賓補(bǔ)）基本句型 一： （主謂）這類(lèi)句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都是不及物動(dòng)詞，都不帶賓語(yǔ)，但可以帶狀語(yǔ)，常見(jiàn)的不及物動(dòng)詞有： act, come, go, work, last, fall, cry, disappear, appear, smile, rise, ring，live, look, listen, laugh, hurry, talk, sleep,

2、 retire, graduate, die, care, agree, ,jump, fail, wait, succeed, stay, sit, lie, shine, happen, take place, rain, snow, ect. 如: It is raining now. ( )We've worked for 5 hours. ( )The meeting lasted half an hour. ( )Time flies. ( )分析下列句子成分，并在后面括號(hào)內(nèi)標(biāo)明屬于五種基本句型中的哪一種1) Dark clouds hung overhead. ( )2)

3、 Gradually a smile appeared on her face. ( )3) He is smiling all over his face. ( )4) I did well in English. ( )5) He talked loudly in the classroom yesterday. ( )翻譯練習(xí)：主謂結(jié)構(gòu)（ 主語(yǔ) 不及物動(dòng)詞 ）1你應(yīng)當(dāng)努力學(xué)習(xí)。 2她昨天回家很晚。 3那天早上我們談了很多。 4會(huì)議將持續(xù)兩個(gè)小時(shí)。 5在過(guò)去的十年里，我的家鄉(xiāng)已經(jīng)發(fā)生了巨大的變化。 6這種事情全世界各地每天都在發(fā)生。 7 1919年，在北京爆發(fā)了“五.四”運(yùn)動(dòng)。 8每天八時(shí)

4、開(kāi)始上課。 9這個(gè)盒子重五公斤。 10五年前我住在北京?；揪湫?二： （主系表）系動(dòng)詞主要是be. 但還有一些動(dòng)詞在有些時(shí)候也可作系動(dòng)詞，有人稱(chēng)之為半系動(dòng)詞。常見(jiàn)的半系動(dòng)詞有：（1）表示特征和存在狀態(tài)的 be, seem, feel, appear, look, smell, taste, sound等；（2）表示狀態(tài)延續(xù)的 remain, stay, keep, continue, stand等；（3）表示狀態(tài)變化的 become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow等。系動(dòng)詞不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，要和表語(yǔ)一起作謂語(yǔ)He is a student. ( )Y

5、our idea sounds great. ( )分析下列句子成分，并在后面括號(hào)內(nèi)標(biāo)明屬于五種基本句型中的哪一種, 并寫(xiě)出該句的系動(dòng)詞。1) His advice proved right. ( )2) The shop stays open till 8 oclock. ( )3) The machine went wrong. ( )4) All these efforts seem in vain. ( )5) These words sound reasonable. ( )6) The room soon became crowded. ( )7) The days are get

6、ting longer and longer. ( )8) He fell ill yesterday. ( )9) Trees turn green in spring. ( )10) What you said sounds great. ( )翻譯練習(xí)：主系表結(jié)構(gòu)（主語(yǔ) 系動(dòng)詞表語(yǔ) ）1我的兄弟都是大學(xué)生。 2冬季白天短，夜晚長(zhǎng)。 3布朗夫人看起來(lái)很健康。 4十五歲他就成為有名的鋼琴家了。 5孩子們，請(qǐng)保持安靜。 6這本書(shū)是有關(guān)美國(guó)歷史的書(shū)。 7她的工作是在幼兒園里照看兒童。 8他失業(yè)了。 9樹(shù)葉已經(jīng)變黃了。 10這個(gè)報(bào)告聽(tīng)起來(lái)很有意思。 基本句型 三： （主謂賓）此結(jié)構(gòu)是由“主語(yǔ)+及物

7、動(dòng)詞（詞組）+賓語(yǔ)”構(gòu)成。賓語(yǔ)可以是名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞，動(dòng)名詞、動(dòng)詞不定式或詞組、the +形容詞、分詞以及從句等。如，She likes English.We planted a lot of trees on the farm yesterday.分析下列句子成分，并在后面括號(hào)內(nèi)標(biāo)明屬于五種基本句型中的哪一種1. My brother hasn't done his homework. ( )2. People all over the world speak English. ( )3. Jim cannot dress himself. ( )4. All of us belie

8、ve that Jack is an honest boy. ( )5. He did not know what to say. ( )翻譯練習(xí)：主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)（主語(yǔ) 及物動(dòng)詞 賓語(yǔ) ）1昨晚我寫(xiě)了一封信。 2今天下午我想同你談?wù)劇?3這本書(shū)他讀過(guò)多次了。4他們成功地完成了計(jì)劃。 5你們必須在兩周內(nèi)看完這些書(shū)。 6那位先生能流利地說(shuō)三種語(yǔ)言。7我收到了筆友從澳大利亞寄來(lái)的信。 8 Jim 還不會(huì)自己穿衣服。 9我們大家都相信Jack 是一個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)男孩。 10他不知道說(shuō)什麼好?；揪湫?四： （主謂間賓直賓）有些及物動(dòng)詞可以有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，如：give給，pass遞，bring帶，show顯示。這兩個(gè)賓

9、語(yǔ)通常一個(gè)指人，為間接賓語(yǔ)；一個(gè)指物，為直接賓語(yǔ)。間接賓語(yǔ)一般位于直接賓語(yǔ)之前。一般的順序?yàn)椋簞?dòng)詞 + 間接賓語(yǔ) + 直接賓語(yǔ)。如：He give me a cup of tea. ( )強(qiáng)調(diào)間接賓語(yǔ)順序?yàn)椋簞?dòng)詞 + 直接賓語(yǔ) +介詞+ 間接賓語(yǔ)。如：Show this house to Mr. Smith.若直接賓語(yǔ)為人稱(chēng)代詞：動(dòng)詞+ 代詞直接賓語(yǔ) +介詞+ 間接賓語(yǔ)。如：Bring it to me, please. (不能說(shuō) Bring me it, please。)常跟雙賓語(yǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞有：（需借助to的）allow, bring, deny, do(帶來(lái)）, give, grant,

10、hand, leave, lend, offer, owe, pass, pay, permit, promise, read, refuse, render, restore, sell, send, show, teach, tell wish, write等（需借助for 的）bring, buy, cash, choose, fetch, get, leave, make, order, paint, play(演奏)，save, sing, spare等He sent me an English-Chinese Dictionary. = He sent an English-Chi

11、nese Dictionary to me.She gave John a book= She bought a book for me.分析下列句子成分，并在后面括號(hào)內(nèi)標(biāo)明屬于五種基本句型中的哪一種。1. She ordered herself a new dress. ( )2. She cooked her husband a delicious meal. ( )3. He brought you a dictionary. ( )4. He denies her nothing. ( )5. I showed him my pictures. ( )6. I gave my car

12、a wash. ( )7. I told him that the bus was late. ( )8. He showed me how to run the machine. ( )翻譯練習(xí)：雙賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)（主語(yǔ)雙賓動(dòng)詞間接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ) ）1 Johnson 先生去年教我們德語(yǔ)。 2. 奶奶昨晚給我們講了一個(gè)有趣的故事。 3. Mary把錢(qián)包交給校長(zhǎng)了。4. 請(qǐng)把那本字典遞給我好嗎？ 5. 他把車(chē)票給列車(chē)員看。 6. 這個(gè)學(xué)期我已經(jīng)給父母寫(xiě)過(guò)三封信了。 7. 我父親已經(jīng)給我買(mǎi)了一輛新自行車(chē)。 8. Robinson Crusoe 給自己做了一只小船。 9. 請(qǐng)你給我弄一本新的，好嗎？10.

13、我替你叫輛出租汽車(chē)好嗎？基本句型 五： （主謂賓賓補(bǔ)）此句型的句子的特點(diǎn)是：動(dòng)詞雖然是及物動(dòng)詞，但是只跟一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)還不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須加上一個(gè)補(bǔ)充成分來(lái)補(bǔ)足賓語(yǔ)，才能使意思完整。賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：位于賓語(yǔ)之后對(duì)賓語(yǔ)做出說(shuō)明的成分。賓語(yǔ)與其補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，它們一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。The war made him a soldier.（ 他成為一個(gè)士兵，構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系）New methods make the job easy. （ ）I often find him at work. （ ）The teacher asked the students to close the win

14、dows. （ ） I saw a cat running across the road. 分析下列句子劃分成分，在后面括號(hào)內(nèi)標(biāo)明屬于五種基本句型中的哪一種, 并指出是什么充當(dāng)句子的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)1. They appointed him manager. （ ）2. They painted the door green. （ ）3. He pushed the door open. （ ）4. They found the house deserted. （ ）5. What makes him think so? （ ）6. We saw him out. （ ）7. He asked m

15、e to come back soon. （ ）8. I saw them getting on the bus. （ ）9. We all think it a pity that she didnt come here. （ ）10. Ill have my bike repaired. （ ）11. We elected him monitor. （ ）12. Dont keep the lights burning. （ ）翻譯練習(xí)：復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)（主語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞 賓語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) ）1我們叫她Alice. 2他的父母給他取名為John. 3我們大家都認(rèn)為他是誠(chéng)實(shí)的。 4他們把門(mén)推開(kāi)了。 5

16、他們把小偷釋放了。 6我們要使學(xué)校變得更美麗。 7他請(qǐng)我們參加做游戲。 8我要你把真相告訴我。 9衛(wèi)兵命令我們立即離開(kāi)。 10明天我要找人來(lái)修理機(jī)器。 11每天早晨我們都聽(tīng)到他大聲朗讀英語(yǔ)。 12痛苦使得他叫喊起來(lái)。 13我們不會(huì)讓她在晚上外出的。 14他每個(gè)月理一次發(fā)。 15我要請(qǐng)人把我的錄音機(jī)修理一下。 16那可怕的聲音把孩子們嚇壞了17她正在聽(tīng)人家講故事。 18男孩子們都在看士兵們操練。 19我從來(lái)沒(méi)看見(jiàn)這個(gè)字這樣用過(guò)。 20他感到很難跟你交談。 21我想乘船去那里更舒服些。 22我認(rèn)為有可能用另一種方法解題。 23學(xué)校定了一條規(guī)則，開(kāi)始上課時(shí)學(xué)生要起立。 24我認(rèn)為與那個(gè)人談話是無(wú)益的

17、。 6. There be 句型此句型是由 there + be + 主語(yǔ) + 狀語(yǔ) 構(gòu)成，用以表達(dá)某地存在有，它其實(shí)是倒裝的一種情況，主語(yǔ)位于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 be 之后，there 僅為引導(dǎo)詞，并無(wú)實(shí)際意義?？键c(diǎn)1. Be 與其后的主語(yǔ)在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)上一致，有時(shí)態(tài)和情態(tài)變化。如，現(xiàn)在有   there is / are     過(guò)去有   there was / were將來(lái)有   there will be/ there is / are going to be.現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)有   there

18、has / have been可能有  there might be.   肯定有  there must be / there must have been.過(guò)去一直有  there used to be   似乎有  there seems / seem / seemed to be 碰巧有  there happen / happens / happened to be 考點(diǎn)2. 此句型有時(shí)可用 live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive,等詞代替be動(dòng)

19、詞。Eg. There lived an old man at the foot of the mountain. There came a shout for "help". There must have been a village here.There lies a book on the desk. There stands a tree on the hill.考點(diǎn)3. There be 與have 的區(qū)別There be 某地有某物，某時(shí)有某事have 表示某人擁有某物。且記：沒(méi)有 there has a book on the desk. There has

20、 a meeting this evening.這樣的表達(dá)方法There be 句型1今晚沒(méi)有會(huì)。 2這個(gè)村子過(guò)去只有一口井。 3這個(gè)學(xué)校有一名音樂(lè)老師和一名美術(shù)老師。 4客人當(dāng)中有兩名美國(guó)人和兩名法國(guó)人。 5天氣預(yù)報(bào)說(shuō)下午有大風(fēng)。 6燈亮著，辦公室里肯定有人。 7戰(zhàn)前這兒一直有家電影院的。 8恰好那時(shí)房里沒(méi)人。 9從前，在海邊的一個(gè)村子里住著一位老漁夫。 10公共汽車(chē)來(lái)了。 11就只剩下二十八美元了。 12在這個(gè)山洞前面長(zhǎng)著一棵高大的松樹(shù)。 13鈴響了。 14二月份有二十八天。 練習(xí) ：劃分句子成分練習(xí)練習(xí)1. 分析下列句子成分，在后面括號(hào)內(nèi)標(biāo)明屬于五種基本句型中的哪一種。1) Tees t

21、urn green when spring comes.2) The old man was feeling very tired.3) His job is to train swimmers.4) Where he was buried remained unknown.5) What he said proved true.6) We must keep quiet.7) The shop stayed open until eleven.8) She appeared younger than she really was.9) His face went red.10) He fel

22、l ill last week.11) The cake I ate yesterday taste delicious. 從上面我們可以看出， 常見(jiàn)的系動(dòng)詞有，_, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _等，它們后面一般跟_詞作表語(yǔ)。練習(xí)2. 分析下列句子成分，在后面括號(hào)內(nèi)標(biāo)明屬于五種基本句型中的哪一種?？谧g，體會(huì)it的替代性用法。1) It is very plain to me that he is round and tall like a tree.2) It is a fact that English is being accepted as an internati

23、onal language.3) It worried her a bit that her hair was turning grey.4) The chairman thought it necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting .5) She made it her duty to look after all the other peoples affairs in that town. 6) I don't think it possible to master a foreig

24、n language without much memory work7) He made it known to his friends that he didnt want to enter politics.8) I leave it to your own judgment whether you should do it. 從上面我們可以看出，作形式主語(yǔ)和形式賓語(yǔ)一般用代詞_, 真正的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)通常是_或_, 放在后面。練習(xí)3. 分析下列句子成分，在后面括號(hào)內(nèi)標(biāo)明屬于五種基本句型中的哪一種?？谧g，留意定語(yǔ)是什么詞性或結(jié)構(gòu)充當(dāng)，并留意定語(yǔ)的位置。1) Comrades in her g

25、roup often help her with grammar.2) The women on the left are making shirts for the neighbors.3) The letter on the desk is for Mr. Wu.4) After the third period there is a long break for rest and exercise.5) Any man with a little sense can see that he is exactly like a rope.6) People all over the wor

26、ld speak English.7) The woman with a baby in her arms is his other .8) We need a place twice larger than this one.9) The man downstairs was trying to sleep.10) Every night he heard the noise upstairs.11) She carried a basket full of eggs.12) Its a book worth no more than one dollar.13) Its a city fa

27、r from the coast.14) Some farmers saw something strange in the sky .15) He has money enough to buy a car.16) Do you have anything else to say?17) There is little time left.18) There were few people present at the meeting.19) Once there lived a king whose name was Midas.20) The film we saw last night

28、 was about the War of Liberation.21) The house that stands at the foot of the hill is a rest-home for the workers.22) He told us a story, which moved many of us to tears.23) The first thing I dug up was a piece of white cloth.24) Then the great day came when he was to march past the palace in the te

29、am.從上面我們可以看出，_, _, _和_ 作定語(yǔ)時(shí)常后置。練習(xí)4. 分析下列句子成分，在后面括號(hào)內(nèi)標(biāo)明屬于五種基本句型中的哪一種。1) What he said is true.2) We must do what the party told us to do.3) That is what interested her most.4) We must do whatever the people want us to do.5) Whoever smokes here will be punished.練習(xí)5. 分析下列句子成分，在后面括號(hào)內(nèi)標(biāo)明屬于五種基本句型中的哪一種?？谧g，并說(shuō)明

30、是什么詞性或結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語(yǔ)。1) I hope to see him as soon as possible. 2) He wouldnt mind being left alone. 3) We are considering making a new plan. 4) It just missed being caught. 5) She admitted having taken the key. 6) My brother regretted missing a lecture given by Professor Liu.7) I regret to inform you that we

31、 are unable to offer you a job.8) I stopped to take a break.9) She tried living alone. 10) These young trees require looking after carefully. 11) Missing the train means waiting for an hour. 12) I meant to have called you. 13) To answer correctly is more important than to finish quickly.14) To save

32、money now seems impossible.15) Being exposed to sunlight for too much time will do harm to ones skin.從上面我們可以看出，動(dòng)詞原形不能作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)，要變?yōu)開(kāi)或_之后才能作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)。練習(xí)6. 分析下列句子成分，在后面括號(hào)內(nèi)標(biāo)明屬于五種基本句型中的哪一種。口譯, 體會(huì)賓語(yǔ)與賓補(bǔ)之間的邏輯關(guān)系，并指出賓補(bǔ)是什么詞性或結(jié)構(gòu)充當(dāng)。1) She found it difficult to do the work. 2) They made him monitor of the class. 3) We w

33、ill make our school more beautiful. 4) All of us considered him honest. 5) They pushed the door open. 6) Then suddenly I saw a man lying on the ground. 7) His hunger had made him forget army discipline. 8) The old man asked us to sit down. 9) I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus. 10) They saw Li Ming playi

34、ng football on the playground just now? 11) He noticed a man enter the room. 12) The director had her assistant pick up some hot dogs. 13) I will have my watch repaired tomorrow. 14) On his way home, he suddenly heard his name called. 15) By speaking slowly, he made himself understood. 16) We want t

35、hese trees planted soon. 17) Ill get my hair cut tomorrow. 18) He left me waiting there. 19) I left the bag lying on the ground. 20) I cant get my car running on cold morning. 我們可以看出，非謂語(yǔ)做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果賓補(bǔ)和賓語(yǔ)之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，常用現(xiàn)在分詞或不定式做賓補(bǔ)，如果賓補(bǔ)和賓語(yǔ)之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，則用_作賓補(bǔ)。練習(xí)7. 分析下列句子成分，在后面括號(hào)內(nèi)標(biāo)明屬于五種基本句型中的哪一種。1) I will bring you

36、 the book when I come next time.2) He asked the ruler why only the four rich men blew trumpets. 3) My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes. 4) She showed us many of her pictures.5) Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term. 我們可以看出，一些動(dòng)詞后面可以跟兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)， 一個(gè)表示人，叫做_賓語(yǔ), 一個(gè)表示物，叫做_賓語(yǔ).練習(xí)8. 分析下列句子成分，在后面

37、括號(hào)內(nèi)標(biāo)明屬于五種基本句型中的哪一種?？谧g，說(shuō)出是什么詞性或結(jié)構(gòu)作定語(yǔ)，并體會(huì)定語(yǔ)和所修飾詞之間的邏輯關(guān)系。1) There are lots of places of interest needing repairing in our city.2) There was a terrible noise following the sudden burst of light. 3) There are many clothes to be washed. 4) There were many houses burned in the fire. 5) The bell indicating

38、the end of the period rang, interrupting our heated discussion. 6) Tigers belonging to meat-eating animals feed on meat. 7) A boy calling himself John wanted to see you8) He picked up a wallet lying on the ground on the way back home9) Havent you seen the sign reading “NO PHOTO”? 10) The cars made i

39、n Japan are better than those in Germany11) Most of the singers invited to the party were from America. 12) With the governments aid, those affected by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements. 我們可以看出，非謂語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí)， 如果和所修飾詞構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系， 用_; 如果和所修飾詞構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系， 用_; 如果表將來(lái)，多用_.練習(xí)9. 分析下列句子成分，在后面括號(hào)內(nèi)標(biāo)明屬于五種基本句型中的哪一

40、種?？谧g，說(shuō)出是什么詞性或結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語(yǔ)語(yǔ)，并體會(huì)狀語(yǔ)和句子主語(yǔ)之間的邏輯關(guān)系。1) To kill the boring time, I began to read a book. 2) Seeing this ,some comrades became very worried . 3) Holding his head high, the manager walked into the room to attend the meeting. 4) He sat there doing nothing. 5) Mary said pointing to the notice. 6) He se

41、nt me an e-mail, hoping to get further information. 7) The teacher entered the classroom, followed by two students. 8) He sat on the platform, prepared to answer the question. 9) His parents died, leaving him an orphan. （SV，現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，主動(dòng)關(guān)系）10) Tasting wonderful, this kind of food enjoyed a good sale.

42、 11) Driven by a greater demand of vegetables, farmers have built more green houses. 12) Built hundreds years ago, the temple looked old. 我們可以看出，非謂語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)， 如果和句子主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系， 用_; 如果和句子主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系， 用_; 如果表目的，多用_三.陳述句, 疑問(wèn)句, 祈使句, 感嘆句句子按用途可分四種：1）陳述句（肯定、否定）：He is six years old; She didnt hear of you before.2）疑問(wèn)句（

43、一般、特殊、選擇、反意）：Do they like skating? How old is he? Is he six or seven years old?Mary can swim, cant she?3）祈使句：表示命令或者請(qǐng)求. 又叫無(wú)主句，主語(yǔ)通常為you,省略.Be careful, boys; Dont talk in class4）感嘆句：how 后面加上的是形容詞副詞.what后面加上的是名詞.How clever the boy is! What a clever boy he is!四.簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句和復(fù)合句句子按結(jié)構(gòu)可分為簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句和復(fù)合句。1）簡(jiǎn)單句：只有一個(gè)主語(yǔ)

44、（或并列主語(yǔ)）和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)（或并列謂語(yǔ)）。e.g. He often reads English in the morning.Tom and Mike are American boys.She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.（劃線部分為并列謂語(yǔ) ，只有一個(gè)主語(yǔ)，仍為簡(jiǎn)單句。）2) 并列句：由并列連詞（and, but, or等）或分號(hào)（；）把兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)單句連在一起構(gòu)成。要注意喲,逗號(hào)是不可以連接句子的,這一點(diǎn)和漢語(yǔ)不同.e.g. You help him and he helps you.

45、The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。1、表示連接兩個(gè)同等概念，常用and, not onlybut also, neithernor, then等連接。e.g. The teachers name is Smith, and the students name is John.2、表示選擇，常用的連詞有or, eitheror, otherwise等。e.g. Hurry up, or youll miss the train.3、表示轉(zhuǎn)折，常用的連詞有but, still, however, yet, while

46、, when等。e.g. He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.4、表示因果關(guān)系，常用的連詞有so, for, therefore等。e.g. August is the time of the year for rive harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.3）復(fù)合句：復(fù)合句含有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，其中一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)作另一個(gè)的成分。（而并列句的兩個(gè)

47、主謂結(jié)構(gòu)間是并列關(guān)系， 而不是從屬關(guān)系）。復(fù)合句包含：名詞性從句（主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句）、定語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句等。當(dāng)簡(jiǎn)單句的一個(gè)成分從詞或詞組變?yōu)榫渥訒r(shí)，整個(gè)句子就成為復(fù)合句了。1. It is wrong. （只有一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，是簡(jiǎn)單句） 2. What he said is wrong.（what he said,是一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，he為主語(yǔ)，said為謂語(yǔ)，what是賓語(yǔ)。What he said is wrong. 是另外一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。What he said作主語(yǔ)，is wrong系表結(jié)構(gòu)作謂語(yǔ)。因此，本句是復(fù)合句。What he said是名詞性從句作主語(yǔ)）。3. The boy over there is my brother. （只有一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，是簡(jiǎn)單句）4. The boy who is wearing a hat is my brother.（The boy is my brother.是一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu) who is wearing a hat也是一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，作了前一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)中主語(yǔ)the boy的定語(yǔ)。因